geophysical fluid dynamics “… study of naturally occuring, large-scale flows on earth and...
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Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
“… study of naturally occuring,
large-scale flows on earth and
elsewhere …”
Definition Large-Scale:
Time Scale of Motion > Rotational Period
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Condensation cloud as an F/A-18 Hornet flies at or near the speed of sound. Photo by John Gay
L~10-m
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Geophysical Fluid Dynamics on Jupiter
NASA
L
L~10,000-km U~100-m/s L/U~27-days
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Jet-on-Earth: L/U ~ 10/300 s = 33-ms
Wave-on-Jupiter: L/U ~ 107/100 s = 27-days
Compare time scale to the rate of rotation ?
Earth: ~ 2 / (24 hrs)Jupiter: ~ 2 / (10 hrs)
Rossby Number Ro=(U/L)/ >>1 for Jet-on-Earth
<<1 for Wave-on-Jupiter{
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“Katrina” Aug.-2005
L~1000-km U~30 m/s L/U~9-hrs Ro~0.4
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Sea Surface
Temperature
Gulf Stream
Eddies
1997
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Arctic Sea Ice off Alaska
Summer 2001
from MODIS
Optical Remote Sensing
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Mixing without rotation
Mixing with rotation
http://paoc.mit.edu/labweb/GFDlab.htm
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The waves have a period of about 3 or 4 days and a wavelength of 2000 to 2500 km [1200 to 1500 mi], typically (Burpee 1974).
High Pressure
High Pressure
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Atmospheric Jet Stream : http://squall.sfsu.edu/scripts/nhemjetstream_model.html
1 Jetstream passing north of the UK bringing settled, dry and warm weather2 Jetstream passing further south, causing weather that is unsettled and cool for the time of year
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x
y
y
z
National Weather Service
Planetary “Rossby”Wave Dynamics