geology 331 paleontology - west virginia universitypages.geo.wvu.edu/~kammer/g231/dinosaurs.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Dinosaur Paleobiology
Geology 331
Paleontology
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Dinosaurs are
popular with
the public
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Jack
Horner,
Montana
State
Univ.
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Field Work
in Montana
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A dinosaur “drumstick” in its field jacket.
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Velociraptor
was a very
active
predator
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Utahraptor waiting to ambush
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Velociraptors hunted in packs
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Abundant vascular canals in
dinosaur bone support the warm-
blooded theory
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Thin section of dinosaur bone
www.bio.fsu.edu/erickson/histological_analysis.php
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Heart Structure
2 Chambers:
Fish
3 Chambers:
Lizard
4 Chambers:
Birds & Mammals
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Fossilized heart in an ornithopod.
CAT scan shows it has 4 chambers.
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RV
LV
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Evidence for Dinosaur Endothermy
• Erect and bipedal posture
• Bone histology – abundant vascular canals
• Head above the heart required high blood pressure and, thus, a four-chambered heart: 2 ventricles and 2 atriums.
• Fossilized four-chambered heart?
• Birds are descendants of theropods
• High latitude occurrences – how did they survive months of darkness?
• Predator:prey biomass ratio of 1:20 from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta similar to modern endotherms. Modern ectotherms are 1:3.
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Dinosaur classification
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Saurischian Ornithischian
Hip Bones: The Primary Homology
Difference Between the Two Major
Dinosaur Groups
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Saurischian hip structure (theropod)
Ischium
Pubis
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Saurischian hip structure (sauropod)
Ischium Pubis
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Ornithiscian hip structure (stegosaur)
Ischium
Pubis
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Excavating bones at Dinosaur
National Monument in Utah
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A dinosaur
mummy
from
Mongolia
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Coelophysis,
a late
Triassic
bipedal
ancestor
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Tyrannosaurus rex, the
Cretaceous theropod everyone
loves to fear
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Modern view of a T.rex
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Peter Larson with Sue Hendrickson,
founder of the T. rex named “Sue”
I found it
first!
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Sue on display in Chicago
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T. rex, Stan Black Hills Institute
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Tyrannosaurs, Carnegie Museum, 2009
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Mechanical
model of T. rex
shatters a large
bone
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Peter Larson with a Nanotyrannosaurus skull
at his lab at the Black Hills Institute, SD
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More scenes at the
Black Hills Institute, SD
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Compsognathus,
a chicken-sized
theropod. It’s
skeleton is similar
to Archaeopteryx.
The “compies” of
Jurassic Park.
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Archaeopteryx,
the first bird. Its
skeleton is nearly
identical to
Compsognathus.
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A feathered(?) Velociraptor
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Apatosaurus or Brontosaurus, the
classic sauropod
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Apatosaurus out for a stroll
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A modern view of sauropods
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Sauropod trackways showing no evidence
of tail dragging.
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Diplodocus - a gracile sauropod
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Sauropods, Carnegie
Museum, 2008
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Sauropods, Carnegie
Museum, 2008
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Sauropods, Carnegie
Museum, 2008
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Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008
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Sauropods, Carnegie Museum, 2008 Looks like
your diet is
working!
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Sauropods eating a coniferous forest
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The massive digestive system of a
sauropod, note the large gizzard
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Inside of sauropod gizzard, note the
gastroliths for grinding food
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Sauropod gastroliths
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Sauropods protecting
their young, South
America
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Theropod tracks in Utah
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Iguanodon,
an
ornithopod
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A Cretaceous ornithopod
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Crested hadrosaur or “duck-bill”
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Duck-billed hadrosaur
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Hadrosaur
barbershop
wall chart
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Skull of a pachycephalosaur
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Head butting by pachycephalosaurs
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Stegosaurus
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Stegosaurus
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Ankylosaurus
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Protoceratops from Mongolia
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Triceratops at the Smithsonian Institution
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