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REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA

ANNUAL REPORT

OFTHE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

DEPARTMENT

FOR THE YEAR

1976

PRIl\"TED BY THE GOVERl'\MENT PRlr\TER, GABOROI"E, BOTSWAKA

1. GENERAL

1.1 Introduction

The Geological Survey Department remained part of the

Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs and continued

in its primary function cf gathering data on all aspects of

the rocks and minerals of Botswana. There were no major cha­

nges in the organisation of the Department which comprises a

Directorate (Director, Deputy Director and assistant Director);

three Operational Divisions (Regional Mapping, Hydrogeology

and Economic Geclogy); six Technical Service Branches (Labora­

tory, Geophysics, Drawing Office, Lapidary Worksho~ Library

and Drilling); plus Administration and Training wings. A de­

cision was taken however to modify the Department's activities

in 1977 when respcnsibility for underground water production

will be transferred to the Department of Water Affairs.

1.2 Summary of Year's Work

The professional and technical cadres were almost fully

staffed making 1976 a very productive year in all operational

activities of the Department. Only the post of Technical

Records officer remained vacant for much of the year and the

post of Principal Chemist was vacated in July on the departure

of Mr. L.G. Hutton after 8 years' service. Two German geo­

logists were recruited through West German Technical Aid and

one Dutch hydro geolo gi s t under Dutch Techni cal Coopera tion.

Two recently graduated local geologists also joined the Depar­

tment allowing locali zation of a further two professional

posts. Professional and technical expatriates will continue

to f'J rm the ba ckbone of the Departmen t for several years to

come but there is now an inc'reasing number of students schedu­

led to study geological sciences in overseas institutions and

a definite pattern of locali zation is becoming increasingly

established. In the technical cadres, progress in the tra­

ining of local officers continued under the formal Driller

1

Training Scheme and at the informal level at Headquarters and

through a day-release scheme whereby technical assistants are

given basic science tuition at the National Vocational Training

Centre. In December a Peace Corps Volunteer was appointed to give

in-service training to Laboratory Assistants. The Administrative

Officer, Mr. K.F. Mokobi, attended a 6-week management course at

the Institute of Development Management ,in Gaborone.

Under the Department's regional mapping programme revision

mapping of nine quarter degree sheets comprising the Mahalapye

block was completed. The arrival in April of Dr. G. C. Clark to

fill the long vacant post of Principal Geologist in charge of the

Field Mapping Division provided for better coordination of this

work and improved consistency in documentation. Fourteen coloured

geological maps are now in the production line and it is hoped that,

wi th the facili ties available in the new Drawing Offi ce, these maps

can be speedily published. Wi th the commissioning in April of a

new multipurpose Hydroq Gryphon 10 drilling rig acquired through

UK technical aid a return has been made to the Kalatraverse drilling

programme. This was suspended in 1974 due to the lack of suitable

drilling equipment to deal with the thick overburden of Kalahari

beds. About twelve holes are planned and the results should reveal

the relationship between bedrock geology in the east and west si des

of the country.

The Economic Geology Division embarked on a top priority

investigation into gold minerali zation in basal Transvaal conglo­

merates in southeast Botswana. Anomalous gold values were disco­

vered in these rocks during a regional survey of minerali zation

associated with the Gaborone granite and its envelope. By Septem­

ber a major operation using five departmental drilling rigs had been

mounted. Investigations into the banded ironstone deposits of the

Shoshong area were completed and delineation of the northern margin

of the Greater Morupule Coalfield was undertaken. The long term

geochemical atlas project continued and the north half of the eas­

tern strip has now 0een compiled. On the industrial minerals side

2

work continued in assessing clay deposi ts and a survey of industrial

minerals available within a 70 kilometre radius of Dukwe was begun

at the request of the Sua Project Management Unit. Operational ass­

istance was provided to a UNIIXl-sponsored Clay Products and Non­

Metallic Mineral Products Consultancy undertaken by a team of Cze­

choslovakian experts. The coal geologist continued to collate and

analyse the large amount of information accruing from private sec­

tor coal exploration in the country.

Major changes occured in the traditional role played by the

Department in groundwater development. Much of the effort in the

past has been directed towards production siting and drilling but,

with the big improvement in staffing in the HYdrogeology Division

and the deployment of the UK-sponsored GS10 Groundwater Evaluation

Project, it has now been possible to focus attention on resource

evaluation and assessment. Data collection and storage has been

upgraded and reconnaissance groundwater resource maps for the whole

country are being prepared. A major contribution to this work will

be undertaken by the GS10 Project. Work commenced in two areas

selected for detailed evaluation of primary aquifers in the Karoo.

The water-bearing characteristics of the Transvaal dolomites and

buried river gravels in the Kalahari succession are also being

investigated by the team. The Department also contributed to groun­

water resources evaluation studies around Dukwe for the Sua Project

Management Unit and for a major ranching development scheme in south

Botswana. The Division was kept busy on the production side and

because of lack of siting and drilling capacity three drilling

contracts and two siting contracts operated during the year. In

the area of groundwa ter research maj or con tri buti ons were provi de d

to the study of nitrate pollution of village water supplies and to

the chemistry of the swamp waters of the Okavango Delta.

Under the Department's development programme, which is funded

mainly through OVerseas aid donors, there was satisfactory progress.

Of the major regional geophysical surveys being undertaken the resul­

ts of the UK-funded National Gravity Survey (GS05) were published

3

during the year and the flying phase of the CrDA sponsored Airborne

Magnetic Survey (GS12) was completed in March and data compilation

continued through the remainder of the year. The results of these

surveys will contribute greatly to elucidating the concealed geology

of the Kalahari basin and mining companies have already expressed

much interest in the gravity data. The Groundwater Evaluation

Project (GSIO), referred to above, got underway in the middle of the

year despite staffing problems. Unfortunately two other major

groundwater evaluation projects - Okavango Groundwater(GS13) and

Groundwater Search for the Tribal Grazing Land Programme (GS15)

continued to suffer delays in donor acceptance. However, some deep

electrical soundings were made in the Okavango Del ta by the Geophy­

sics Branch in support of the Okavango Project. There were further

delays in plans to build and equip a Mineral Dressing Laboratory

(GSll) and SrDA accepted to undertake a programme of continued

seismic research in the Okavango Delta (GS16). The Department's

own BUilding Programme (GS08) funded through domestic development

funds continued to progress slowly. A new drawing office was vir­

ually completed by the end of the year and the old drawing office

block was renovated and will provide necessary extra space including

a badly needed conference room in the future. Plans were drawn up

for a new geophysics block which will further relieve congestion

in the divisional buildings.

One district memoir, three bulletins, several contributions

to scientific journals, and two full colour standard quarter degree

geological sheets were published during the year. Preparation of

material for publication still suffers delays fro~ the absence of

a full-time editor on the staff but wi th the filling of the Principal

Geologist Field Mapping post it is hoped that output will improve.

The Director attended a seminar of Heads of Geological Surveys

in Commonwealth African countries, sponsored by the Commonwealth

Geological Liaison office, in Accra in April at which problems

common to African Geological Survey Departments were discussed and

resolutions to remedy them were adopted. The Deputy Director visited

4

Australia in August to represent Botswana at the 25th International

Geological Congress. The Department contributed to the Symposium

on the Okavango Delta held in Gaborone in September.

Technical oooperation visits were paid to the Department by

British, Canadian and West German officials. The final year's field­

work and data collection excercise of the UK-sponsored Satellite

Imagery Interpretation Project was accomplished through the visit

of the two project geologists from the Institute of Geological

Sciences, London and a report and maps are under preparation.

The Director continued to serve c·n,ne Mineral Policy Committee

and the Natural Resources Technical Committee. The Director also

assisted in the preparation of cabinet memoranda and attended a

number of informal cabinet meetings. Work in administering private

sector prospecting including the negotiation and issue of licences

and the provision of an advisory service to the Ministry of Mineral

Resources and Water Affairs continued to occupy a high proportion

of the Director's time.

On the private sector side there was a marked increase in in­

terest in company prospecting during the latter half of the year.

This coincided with general improvement in the world economic situa­

tion, the revival of company interest in investing in mineral search

and the continued stability of Botswana in an area where political

condi tions continued to deteriorate. While interest in base metals

and diamonds continued to be the mainstay of exploration in Botswana

three commodi ties - radioactive minerals, manganese and coal have

become of especial interest to companies. Following the disoovery

of uranium minerals in the Karoo deposits of Zambia and South

Africa attention has turned to Botswana and five licences for radio­

active minerals were issued during the year. There was a similar

marked interest in manganese in the south part of the oountry where

the Griquatown irons tones and the associated manganiferouB minerali­

zation are known to extend across the Molopo River from the northern

Cape. Continued attention vias given by companies to ooal and Govern­

ment

5

•..

provided the necessarJ' stimul\:.s to major development of the coal

mining industry by de-restricting the Greater Morupule Coalfield

and issuing a licence to Shell Coal Botswana fcr reserve evaluation

and minir.g feasi bili ty studies. Other developments in the miTleral

field included plans to aocelerate development of diamond pipes in

the Jwa.neng kimberli te fiel c. of southern Botswana, the gypsum depo­

sits at Topsi, renewed interest in Makgadikgadi brines and a new

approach to exploring for asbestos in the Molopo ul trabasi c pro'lince.

The basis for a major and well diversified mineral industry in

Botswana seems to be now well established and the Geolcgioal Survey

Department continues to play an important role ir. this satisfactory

development.

1.3 Staff

Expatriates continued to occupy most of the Senior profe­

ssional and technioal posts. Some progress was made towards

localisation however with the appointment of two newly qualified

Batswana geologists. An experienoed Senior Supplies officer

joined the Department in January after a campaign to improve

Departmental stores facili ties lasting several years. All

mechanical workshop established Staff were transferred to the

establishment of CTO and a T2 mechanic was placed in charge.

Details of the establishment, vacancies as at 31st December

1976, and departures and arrivals during the year are as follows:

6

4. UNDERGROUND WATER DEVEWPMENT

Mr. B. Mctsete "as Acting Principal Geologist (Hydro­

geology) until mid-Deoember "hen Dr. W. Deohend assumed con­

trol. Dr. Deohend "as seconded from West- Germany in May.

Other staff "ho joined the Division "ere G.A.G. Nelisse,

(September) and J. Davies (Deoember). 1. Gale returned to

the U.K. in September. The start, late in the year, of GS10,

Evaluation of Underground Water Resouroes, sa" the arrival

of J.L. Farr, J.H. Whitelavl and C.S. Cheney, all on U.K. Tech­

nioal Assistanoe terms. General support to the Hydrogeology

Division "as provided by R. Peart, geophysioist and P. Herbert,

Soientifio assistant. T"o oontraotors "ere employed to help

>!i th borehole si ting. The aoti vi ties of eaoh member of the

Division are summarised as follo"s :

Mr. B. Motsete "as mainly ocoupied >!ith the aotivities

of the Drilling Branch and siting of boreholes besides his

"ork as Aoting Prinoipal.

Mr. IoN. Gale colleoted hydrogeological data from Distriot

Counoils as he has been a oounterpart on the pre-GS10 projeot.

He espeoially "orked on a Tribal Land Development Project

in Western Ng"aketse District and produoed a very detailed

report of this area.

Dr. Deohend "as mainly ooncerned vU th the oompilation

of 1: 120 000 Hydrogeologi oal Reconnai ssance Maps, a ne"

series "hioh >!ill eventually cover the "hole oountry. The

preliminary maps sho" indi vi dual boreholes, li thologi es,

depths to first "ater, rest levels, pumping rates and yields

(aooording to drillers reoords). This information is synthe­

sised on final sheets which sho" geologioal bOt:ndaries, aqui­

fer isopleths acoording to the International Legend for Hydro­

geologioal Maps published by UNESCO. All hydrogeological

26

data are related to Sea Level. A special series of maps

was produced for the UNDP team working in the Okavango.

Those show:

(a) Varia tions in groundwa ter salini ty

(b) Groundwater types in terms of anions and cations.

(c) RC03

: (Cl + S04) ratios which reflect the degree of

recharge.

Mr. G.A. G. Nelisse worked on the Rydrogeological Reco­

nnaissance Maps' in the area south of the 22nd degree of la­

titude. Re compiled all data on sheet 2424 as a preliminary

to groundwater exploration for th8 De "Re8r8 &, Co. Project

at Jwaneng.

Mr. Nelisse was further concerned wi th the existing

groundwater recorders tended by the Department in the Lobatse

area and instructed Technical Assistants ho", to handle and

maintain the instruments. He was also involved in wireline

borehole logging.

Mr. J. Davies undertook an assessment of the Transvaal

strata of southeast Botswana, especially the Transvaal dolo­

mi tes. He was also concerned wi th si ting of boreholes for

water supply in different parts of the country, for instance

for the De Beers' Project. Mr. Davies assisted W. Dechend

in routine administration of the Division and was also involved

in the activities of the Drilling Branch and the Drilling

Contractors.

GSIO Evaluation of Under£Eound Water Resources

This is a United Kingdom funded development project with

the initial aim of groundwater research throughout the whole

of Botswana. A major rethink of the project in September by

S.S.D. Foster and J.L. Farr lead to the conclusion that two

of the most widespread and potentially important aquifer

27

Central

Ghan zi

systems in Botswana should be studied in detail: The Karoo

System with studies in the area of Letlhakeng (Kweneng District)

and near Serowe (Central District) and the dolomites of the

Transvaal system (Southern District). Preliminary work on

both areas of the Karoo undertaken by the 2 Assistant Hydro­

geologists, Miss. J.H. Whitelaw and Mr. C.S. Cheney had begun

by the end of 1976. Other project objectives wiU include

a brief study of the grou.l1dwater potential of the weathered

Stormberg basal ts and an investigation of the hydrogeological

role of the Kalahari Beds.

Borehole Si tine;

Mr. R. Peart and Mr. P. Herbert sited boreholes for gro­

undwater supply. Because of shortage of Geophysicists in

the Department, two contractors had to be employed for the

mentioned work by the Government: Wellfiad Services Ltd.

Gaborone and R.F. Loxton, Hunting and Associates, Johannes­

burg. They were engaged in the follovJing si ting projects : -

Peart

30 Expl ora ti on

( Dukwe)

Herbert

7 Villages

1 Animal

production

4 Animal

production

W S L L H A

7 Villages

Southern 10 C D C

N. East 2 Villages

1 Roads

7 Villages

and roads

S. East 4 roads

4 villages

Kweneng 10 roads

4.2 Drilling Branch Activities

In 1976 a total of 5 376 metres were drilled by the Dri-

28

lling Branch. Of the 58 boreholes which have been produced

34 were called 'successful' even if the yield was very low

or the water discharge saline. The opinion of the Division

in this regard is that a borehole is unsuccessful if its yield

is less than 60 litres per minute for village water supply

and 75 litres per minute for road construction.

On the basis of these figures, the success rate of the

Drilling Branch amounts to 36 per cent of the total number

of boreholes. Of the total drilled metres 34 per cent can

be regarded as successful.

4. 3 CONTRACT DRILLING GS09

Contractors drilled 76 boreholes, totalling 5995 metres, with

a 30 per cent sUCCeSS rate.

Appendix 4 is a statistical analysis of the drilling operations

of Government drilling rigs and of the Contract Drillers.

Appendix 5 gives details of all drilling operations in 1976.

29

6. GEOPHYSICS

6.1 Introduction

Mr. D.G. Hutchins continued to be in charge of the Geophy­

sics Branch and was assisted by R. Peart, geophysicist, E. Mi1ner,

Senior technical officer (Electronics) and P. Herbert, Technical

officer.

The geophysics section were engaged on a variety of field pro­

grammes during the year.

The major field effort was devoted to hydrogeophysica1 sur­

veys for major development projects and routine village supplies.

A wide range of geophysical techniques were employed in these

investi gations and a total of 64 drilling si tes were selected by

the department using geophysical methods, and 16 boreholes were

logged geophysically. In addition to hydrogeophysical surveys

the section was engaged on a geotechnical survey in the Serowe

area, a mineral exploration survey at Diabo in South Eastern

Botswana, and further geophysi cal research in the Okavango Del ta.

The geophysics section was also heavily com~itted to the

aeromagnetic survey of Botswana carried out under contract by

Terra Surveys Ltd. The production flying was completed by March

9th and manual and digital compilation of the data in Canada has

continued throughout the year. The receipt of the final product,

in the form of 1:125 000 profile maps and 1:500 000 contour maps

is expected early 1977.

Assistance was also given to Wellfield Services and Loxton

Hunting when they were engaged on government contract borehole

si ting programmes.

6.2 Aeromagnetic Survey~ GS12

During January, February and up to 9th of March the flying

33

phase of this project was completed. A total of 151 010 line

kilometres was flown within six months and the two aircraft

logged a combined total of 981,62 hours. All the data was chec­

ked before the departure of the aircraft to ensure that the data

was within specifications and that no-reflights were necessary.

Manual and Digital compilation has been carried out in Ottawa

by Terra Surveys and by the end of the year preliminary profiles

for over 60 per cent of the survey area had been received and

approved. A proof copy of a 1:125 000 profile map was received

in December and the format approved. Delays have been encountered

in the preparation of 1:500 000 contour maps, due partly to the

wide line spacing (4 kms) and the selection of a suitable filter

to the profile data. Final delivery of planimetric maps, magne­

tometer profile maps, magnetometer contour maps, di gi tal data,

original and intermediate data and a technical report is expected

during the first half of 1977.

6.3 Okavango Underground Water Evaluation GS13

A total of eight deep electrical soundings (O'.lt to AB 6kms)

were conducted in the Okavango region to test the section IS ca­

pahili ty of undertaking the geophysi cal programme recommended

by Astier (U.N. D.P.). A 2,5 KW Huntec LP. transmitter (modified

to give D. c. output) was used as the power supply and a micro­

voltmeter with S.P. backing facility employed to measure the

potential differences. Good quality sounding curves were attained

at each site_ and it is apparent that the geophysics section will

be able to undertake bo th the re si s ti vi ty and gravi ty surveys

recommended for the project.

Interpretation of the curves has indicated thicknesses of

Kalahari beds ranging from 200 metres around Maun to over 400

metres in the region of the Mababe depression. The interpreted

depths to basement were in good agreement wit~ geological and

geophysical control where available (boreholes, seismic refraction).

34

A d.epartmental Bulletin, including data tables and a Bougl.ler

Anomaly map was published ltlw:Lng 1976.

Three months were spent in tile Dllkwe area searching for se­

condary aqui fers using selected geophysi cal techtliques (gradi snt

a:cray resistivity, spontaneous potential, magnetios and refraction

seismics). A total of 30 sites were recommended for drilling,

of wti.ch eight were drilled hefore the project was shelved.

The yields obt3.ined f:rom th.ese boreholes were satisfactory

and indioated that the met'lOds used were efficient detectors of

fault and fissure zones. Two boreholes gave average yields for

the area (50 litres per minute) five yielded hetwectl 120 litres

to 240 litres per minute and two yielded in excess of 975.

At be request of the Sua Project Management Dni t 15 bore­

holes were logged using the departments Gearhardt-Owen well logl:\er.

The logs run were oaliper, natural gamma, gamma-gamma (bulk densi­

ty) and neutron-epi thermal neutron (porosi ty).

Nine borehol'3s were si ted i.n the Lekobola Pan-Bojal1amane

area, Central District, to satisfy an expected ltemand of 2 500 li.­

tres per minute for the prooess of gypsum benefioation ·"hen min:l.ng

CommenCes in the area covered by State Grant 9/71. Geophy~.i.oal

techniques used were the same as in the Dukwe area wo. th the addi,­

tion of vertical electrioal soundings (Schlwnbergc;r). 'rheoe bore­

holes have not yet been drilled.

A total of 30 boreholes are required In the are/l immediatsly

east of the Molopo farms for the proposed C. D. C. extensIon ranches.·

This is an area of relatively thick (up to 150 1l1Otreo)

35

Kalahari deposits and this poses special problems to the execu­

tion of geophysical techniques, particularly resistivity soun­

ding. Fortunately the area is covered by aeromagnetic surveys

and several boreholes have been sited on faults and contacts

detected by the airborne survey and positioned accurately by

ground traverses. Vertical electrical soundings and gradient

array traverses have also been used to detect palaeo-drainage

channels. Ten sites have been selected and further geophysical

work awai ts the results of drilling. Drilling is currently

underway on the first si te.

14 boreholes were sited in the North East and Central

Districts for village supplies using mostly electrical resis­

ti vi ty and magneti c methods. Four boreholes were si ted in the

Ghanzi area using similar techniques.

6.7 Geot£chnical Surv~

Three areas of proposed building development in the Serowe

area were investi gated wi th the Huntec FS- 3 facsimile refraction

seismograph in order to determine the depth to suitable founda­

tion material. Depths of overburden (black turf) in excess of

15 metres were indicated in all three areas whi ch were there­

fore declared unsuitable for building development.

6.8 Mineral ,E~ra ti on,

The or.ly mineral exploration geophysics undertaken during

the year was a combined magnetic/induced polarisation/self pote­

ntial/resistivity/spectrometer reconnaisance surv83r of the

Diabo prospect.

Three traverses were conducted but the results were inco­

nclusive. A possi ble marker hori zon was detected by the r.mgne­

tic traverses and possible faults were indioated by the self

potential and resistivity method.s. It was unfortunate that the

Induced Polarisation traverses were not executed satisfactorily

36

(a) Rocks

Field Mappin..:;:

Dr. R.M. Key

B. C. L.

Mr. Paul Lear

Quartz

Dr. J. Davies

(b) Minerals and Ores

Coal Shale

Mr. J.N.M. Coates

Diatomi te

Mr. J. Wroblicki

Iron Ores

Dr. D. Gould

Manganese Ore

Dr. C.G. Clark

~~ Dr. R. M. Key

TO 'I'A L

Wa ter Analyses

Samples Determinations

2 24

1 12

1 2

1 3

1 7

8 56

1 1

7 35

22 140

As in previous years, analysis of groundwaters acco­

unted for the moet man hours. Towards the end of 1975 it

was apparent that nitrate was present in very many water

samples. The introduction of a reliable oolorimetric

method for determination of nitrate ion in late 1975 gre­

atly simplified the task of oheoking the presenoe of ni­

trate in water samples. Beoause of the ever increasing

number of samples oontaining ni trate in oonoentrations

above the maximum World Health Organisation limit (W.H.O.

197 3) it was deoided to oonduot a study of the easily

acc~ible major villages in Botswana. The study revealed

that many water sources contained nitrate at dangerously

hi gh ooncen tra ti ons probaly fr'om human and animal souroes.

39

This conclusion was supported by absence of nitrate in water

sources situated in the same aquifer but much further away

from habi tation.

In the first instance the following villages were sampled : -

Serowe, Kanye, Molepolole, Mo chudi , Thamaga, Ramotswa, Moshupa.

A detailed report on the matter was wri tten by Button,

Lewis and Skinner, circulated within Government and, in May,

Mr. Lewis presented the report to Cabinet. The pcllution stu­

dies were later extended to cover Francisto\\'ll, Shoshong, Maha­

lapye, Palapye and two further progress reportc \"Iere wri tten

detailing the findings in these Villages.

Later in the year, studiec "ere extended tc pollution of

the Peleng River by effluer.t from the Bots\"lana Meat Commission.

Some evidence of possible groundwater nitrate pollution was

found. Some time was devoted to developing a method for deter­

mination of nitrate by a specific ion electrode method. Di­

fficulties due to chloride and bicarbonate interference hope­

fully have been overcome after consultation with the manufac­

turer. It is hoped that this method will be introduced on a

routine basis in early 1977.

\"later samples

Effluent samples

indi vi dual ni tra te de terniina ti ons

TOTAL

No.

1

40

of samples

965

122

165

?<';? ~,~

k!~!!)1.~'!~

12 545

366

165

13 076

'-"~~'-"-'--____ ""_"_'~_~ ____ ~~~ ___ H'''<''~~ ___ =~,=~~WU'~~"'~"~<""~~~~'~~"'~'_"'~~~""

APPENDIX 2

Statistics of Drilling Operations carried out by the Drilling Branch and Under Contract During 1976.

N. B. Boreholes for which no pumping rate is quoted in Appendix 5 are assumed to be unsuccessful.

+> o .~

H +> ro i'l

Central

Ghan z:i

Kgalagadi

Kgatleng

Kweneng

North-East

North-West

South-East

Southern

TOTAL

Drilled by Government

Drilled by Contractors

'" v +> v ~ P, E o o

ro ~ ~ o -" ro H o

'" 40

1

12

10

18

5

22

1

25

134

58

76

00 v ~ o -" v H o .0

~

.;; m+> m" ID ID o E

o " ~ H ro v

> 'H 0

0'" • H

o 0 z'H

17

1

6

3

7

4

10

5

53

29

24

00 v ~ o -" V H 00 O~ .0 .~

o

" § 'H 0 000 00 v+> 00 o .~ ~ H oo+>

00

'i::~ • H 00 Z'H

5

1

1

1

2

1

1

12

4

8

00 v ~ o -" v H 00 o H .0 ID

E ~ 0 ~+>

'H 00 m ~ 00 0 v· o v o+> ~ ro 00 >

.~

'H H o p,

• H o 0 Z'H

1

1

1

00 ID ~

II v H o .0

~

~ 'H m m v o o

" 00

~ m +> o

"' 22

1

7

4

8

4

12

1

7

66

34

32

00 v~ ~ . o 0 .q+> V v H o .0 v

" ~ .~

~~ 'H ro 00 00 00 v g-i! ~ ro OO~

".0 "'~

18

4

6

10

1

9

18

66

22

44

~

ro

" o 00 00 v ro ~ v II H v~ H ro 00 .0 .~

"'.§ v 0

" v o+>

'" " H 000 .o'H ..,,~

1

1

2

2

~

00 v H

"'+> v v ~ E ~ ·M •

.8 ~ ~

-" 0 +>-" p,v v H '" 0 .0 ~ m ~

+> v 0" "'~

3906

74

1 716

692

1 232

316

1 199

1>J

2 106

11 371

5 376

5 995

~ ~ 'H 00 00 V o o ~ 00

" .~

",,;; v ID ~ H ~+> .~ ID

.8-.':.

.q 00 +> v p,~

ID 0 A-"

2 365

74

1 270

246

642

223

659

130

668

6 277

3 523

2 754

~

.;; 00 00 ID o o ~ 00

§

" .~

",,;; ID ID ~ H ~ +> .~ ID

.8-.':. -" 00 +> v p,~

~.2

1 541

399

446

590

93

513

1 438

5020

1 779

3 241

"' v

" .g " m .0 m

" .~

",,;; ID v ~ H ~+> .~ v .8-.':. -" ro +> ID ,,~

r'lll

47

27

74

74

+>

" o

'" v

" m ID ~ o 00 v ~ 0", -" ID v+> H 00 o v .o+>

I 'H ID OH

'" o " zoo

'" ID P, o~ ~ v v+> > ~ ID " '" .~ ,.,E ~ H "ID go" 00 00

v H H ID+>

+> .~ ro~

"'~

4 223

26

434

1 353

1 061

268

1 318

22

1 329

10 034

5 519

4 515

Official No.

3107

3108

3109

3110

3111

3112

3113

3114

3115

3116

3117

3118

3119

3120

3121

3122

3123

3124

3125

3126

31~

31~

31~

31~

3131

31~

.ll~

.ll~

.ll~

.ll~

.llTI

.ll~

Locali ty District

Dukwe Central

Tlokweng South East

Kome Southern

Serokolwane Kweneng

Quara Quara Ghan zi

Dukwe Central

Shorobe North East

Sehitwa North East

Boatlaname K~reneng

Dukwe Central

Tamashanga North East

Jakalas North East

Makaleng North East

9 .. 2km from Sehitwa North West

3 km n North West Stateng

Tsau Bridge North West

Stateng North West

Katshikau North West

Kats~~kau North West

Tsau, 6km N. of North West

Dukwe Central

Dukwe Central

Dukwe Central

Dukwe Central

Dukwe Central

Tsau Village North West

Mochudi Kgatleng

Mochudi Kgatleng

Mochudi Kgatleng

Mochudi Kgatleng

Mochudi

Molepolole

Kgatleng

Kt"eneng

Customer

Sua Proj.

Council

Pri vate

?

L.P.M.U.

Government

Government

Government

Government

Sua Pan

Council

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Governrnent

Total Depth (m)

250

130

183

102

76

218

42

27

54 101

93

93

61

73 79

53

49 80

71

58

197 191 180

97

137

27

46

79

46

84

49

99

APPENDIX 3

Details of Boreholes

Depth Water Struck (m)

55 57 64

52 + 60

31 122

17 + 24

18

87

~

27 - 35

45 41

35

28,35, + 96

33 + 76

2

30

116 + 150

106 + 152

152 + !Il + 65

43

48 12,17 + 23

9 18

23

46

33

Static Water Level ( m)

41 18

54 46

27

25

14

12

35

24

21

27

27

27

24

24 + 87

1

28

26

36

34

~

~

8

18

23

43

Pumping Rate (L/min)

55

22

18

131

26

240

111

74 Blank

45 Blank

15

68

182

Blank

Blank.

225

~

~

26

600

272

57 772

151

Blank.

~o

Blank

Blank

~3

450 300

Water Geology Quali ty

Fresh Karroo

Fresh Gaborone Granite

Waterberg Sandstone

Fresh Stormberg Basalt

Kalahari Beds

Saline Karroo Sandstone

Fresh Kalahari Beds

Fresh Kalahari Beds

Stormberg Basalt

Fresh Basement Granite

Basement Granite

Fresh Basement Granite

Fresh Basement Granite

Fresh Kalahari Beds

Saline Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Saline Kalahari Beds

Saline .Stormberg Basal t

Saline Kalahari Beds

Fresh Kalahari Beds

Saline Basement Grani te

Fresh Basement Grani te

Fresh Basement Grani te

Saline Karroo Sandstone

Fresh Basement Granite

Kalahari Beds

Fresh Dolerite

Fresh Chert

Doleri te

Fresh Dolerite

Fresh Chert

Waterberg Sandstone

Official No.

3139

3140

3141

3142

3143

3144

3145

3146

3147

3148

3149

3150

3152

3153

3155

3156

3157

31 SS

31 '" N

3160

3161

3162

3163.

3164

3165

3166

3167

3168

3169

3170

3171

3172

3173

3174

3179

3180

3181

3182

3183

Locality

Molepolole

Molepolole

Dukwe

Tsau

Nokaneng

Gomare

Gomare

Etsha

Gomare

Etsha

Etsha

Toteng

Moremaoto

Kang

Dukwe

Dukwe

Dukwe

Dukwe

Kiddlepi ts

Xoremaoto

Toromoja

Xakoba

J(09i 'Pi

JLaL.aba

3.~na.bana

JtocX:.i:i

ken: ... =..

District

Kweneng

Kweneng

Central

North West

North West

North West

North West

North Hest

North Hest

North Hest

North Hest

North West

Central

Kgalagadi

Central

Central

Central

Cen tral

Kgalagadi

Central

Central

Central

Central

~ntral

So ... 'the::-:r:.

i:gaUer.g

I?Ue=.g

Ra.z.a'tla~-=-a So·~:t!:.-e::"::

RaEa"Ua't..a.=..a Sc'i:o:t.~.~

Xat.b.etb.e Roac. Sc~t!:.e==

Xa~hethe So~tte~

R~atlaba=a So~tbe~

Du..tc;re

Mathethe Road

Dukwe

Dukwe

Dukwe

Dukwe

Tsau

Cent-:-al

Southern

Central

Central

Central

Central

North Hest

Customer

Government

Government

Go-"ernment

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Council

Council

Council

Council

Council

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Sua Proj.

Government

Council

Council

Council

Council

Council

Roads

Council

Co::n.cil

~ads

30aas

Eaaes

Ecaes

Roaas

Sua Project

Goverrullent

Governrnen t

Government

Government

Government

Roads

Total Depth (m)

91

122

168

70

58

58

77

43

52

59

55 2!

65

217

198

136

46

57

122

61

61

169

6

169

79

91

67

91 8,

91 61

93.. 107

84

96

46

106

52

62

Depth Water Struck (m)

Blank

91

34

2!

32

77 22

2l

17

26 + 34

24

27

135

90

48

49

14

14

140

140

!£

45

46

45 + 64

53

Static Water Level (m)

42

27

2l

2!

73

19

15

79

20

20

12

131

40

40

6

13

13

22

22

31

43

24

Pumping rate (L/min)

200

61

18

90

Blank.

18

5 22

91

18

23

198

110

150

30

Blank.

Blank

14

200

171 Blank

32

3lan.i::.

31_

'JXJ El<cl:::

'2a=,j::

3lati::.

3l~

31~

76

225

770 60

90 Blank

176

'Ha ter Quali ty

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Saline

Saline

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Saline

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

:Blacl::

Sali:=.e

~sh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Geology

Waterberg Sandstone

Waterberg Sandstone

Basement Granite

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari 3eds

Karroo Sands tone

Base:ll:ent Schi.sts

3asezen't Grani te

Xarroo Sandstone

XarToo Sandstone

Iblerite

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Stormberg Basalt

Kalahari Beds

Stormberg Basalt

Basement Granite

Basement Granite

Basement Granite

Amphiholite Granite

Amphiholite Granite

Basement Granite

Karroo Schists

Amphiholite Granite

Basement Granite

Karroo Sandstone

Basement Granite

Karroo Sandstone

Ghanzi Beds

Official No.

3184 3185 3186 3187

3188

3189 3190 3191

3192

3193

3194 3195 3196

3197 3198 3199 3200

3201 3202

3203 3204

3205 3206

3207

3209 3210

3211

3213 3218

3219

3221

3222

3223

3224

3225 3226

3227

3228

Locali ty

Mopipi

Dukwe

Len ts we-I e- tau

Dukwana

Dukwe

Botalaote

Lentswe-Ie-tau

Botalaote

Kang

Tsabong

Gankwe

Thabologang

Moijabana

Moijabana

Chadi be

Kang

Sefhare

Sefhare

Gomare

~Iaun Town

Lentswe-Ie-tau

Sefhare

Mahetwa

Kuli-Nojane

Kuli-Nojane

Kuli-Nojane

Kuli-Nojane

Pilikwe

District

Central

Central

Kweneng

Central

Central

Central

Kweneng

Central

Kgalagadi

Kgalagadi

Central

Central

Central

Central

Central

Kgalagadi

Central

Central

North West

North West

Kweneng

Central

Kweneng

Kgalagadi

Kgalagadi

Kgalagadi

Kgalagadi

Central

Middlepi ts Kgalagacli.

Pilikwe Central

Pilikwe Central

Pilikwe Central

Kganeng Kgalagadi

Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern

Lobatse/Kanye Rd. Southern

Molapowabojang Southern

Lobatse/Kanye Rd, Southern

Customer

Government

Government

Governmen t

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Council

Council

Council

Government

Council

Government

Government

Government

Council

Government

Council

C01ll1cil

Government

Government

Government

Government

C01ll1cil

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

Roads

Roads

Roads

COlUlcil

Total Depth (m)

91 64

15

52

55 93 36

47 50

203 64

33 64

34 120

70

50 50 50

23

31 75 41

185

207

203 184 160

152

35 68

108

76 98

102

61 61

Depth Water Struck (m)

45 45 21

36

57 28

57

2l + 110

33

43 8

9 35 + 67

18

135 142

143 146

48 49

58

Static Water Level (m)

20 21

23

25 6

9

30

13

4 8

30 14

41 132 131

131

Pumping Rate (L/min)

32 Blank

Blank

Blank

45 6

Blank

303 Blank

136 68

Blank

Blank

160

Blank

Blank

Blank

138

110

40

140

114

85 91

91

5 Blank

36 Blank

Blank

Blank

2

Blank

Blank

Blank Blank

Water Quali ty

Saline

Fresh

Fresh

Saline

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Fresh

Saline

Saline

Fresh

Geology

Kalahari Beds

Karro Sandstone

Doleri te

Karroo Mudstone

Felsi te

fuleri te

Grani te

Kalahari Beds

Pretoria Slates

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Karroo Shale

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Kalahari Beds

Kalahari Beds

Waterberg Sandstone

Basement Granite

Waterberg Sandstone

Ghan z:i Be ds

Ghan z:i Be da

Ghan z:i Be ds

Ghan z:i Beds

Basement Gneiss

Waterberg Quartzi te

Basement Gneiss

Basement Gneiss

Basemen t Gnei ss

Sandstone

Gaborone Granite

Gaborone Granite

Decomposed fulerite Decomposed Dolerite

Official No. Locali ty District Customer Total Depath Depth Water Struck Static Water Level Pumping Ra te Ha ter Quali ty Geology

(m) ( m) (m) (L/min)

3229 Sepopa North West Government 56 40 + 14 + 57 15 94 Fresh Kalahari Beds

3230 Staghang hill Kweneng Go-vernmen t 75 Blank Kanye Volcanics

3231 Matlhabanelo Hill Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Kanye Volcani cs

3232 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 69 Blank Ri ver Gravels

3233 Me tsimo tl ha ba Kgatleng Council 92 Blank River Gravels

3234 Mo go di tshane Kweneng Council 65 Blank Gaborone Grani te

3235 Nxai North Nest Government 16 12 7 Blank Kalahari Beds

3236 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Grani te

3237 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te

3238 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te

3239 Kanye Road Southern P.oads 91 Blank Doleri te

3240 Kanye Road Southern Roads 91 Blank Gaborone Granite

3242 Diabo Southern 22 Blank Ventersdorp Agglomerate

3243 Diabo Southern Agricultu.re 74 40 30 30 Ventersdorp Agglomerate

3244 Kanye Lobatse Rd. Southern Roads 91 Blank Doleri te

3245 Moijabana Central Government 91 24 + 57 32 197 Fresh Basemen t Grani te

3246 Mogojwegojwe Southern Council 79 49 40 136 Fresh Doleri te

3249 Jakalase 1 North East Council 19 Fresh

3250 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 46 Blank Saline fuleri te

3251 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads '7 14 + 21 + 27 135 Fresh Doleri te

3252 Molepolole Rd. Ktrene»g Roads 56 Gaborone Granite

3253 Kumakwane Kweneng Government 63 11+28+58 5 80 Fresh Waterberg Sandstone

3256 Molepolole Rd. Kweneng Roads 65 Blank Waterberg Sandstone

3257 Molepolole Klreneng Roads 56 Blank Waterberg Sandstone

3258 Kang Kgalagadi Government 47 Kalahari Beds

3259 Pilikwe Central Government 58 39 + 55 28 45 Fresh Basement Gneiss

3260 Maape Central Government 48 62 38 31 Fresh Basement Gneiss