GEOGRAPHY

WORLD

Compass & Cardinal direction

• Compass – an instrument used to show direction.

• The cardinal directions are North, South, East and West

Longitude

• The vertical lines are called lines of longitude. • Lines of longitude are also called meridians.• Longitude lines run North and South.• Prime Meridian is middle point

Latitude

• The horizontal lines are called lines of latitude.

• Parallel is another name for latitude lines. • Latitude lines run east and west around the

Earth.

Hemispheres

EQUATORLatitudeRuns west and east in middle of Earth

PRIME MERIDIANLongitudeRuns north and south in middle of Earth

Continents – continuous land mass

NORTH AMERICA

SOUTH AMERICA

AFRICA

AUSTRALIA

EUROPEASIA

ANTARCTICA

COUNTRIES – are part of continents

SOUTH AMERICA

ASIA

STATES – are part of countries

SOUTH AMERICA

ASIA

Capital

• The most important city or town of a country• The capital of Illinois is Springfield• The capital of the USA is Washington D.C

Counties – are part of states

Cities are part of counties

CONTINENTCOUNTRYSTATECOUNTYCITY

Oceans • Ocean: a large body of salt water. • There are 5 major oceans on Earth:1.Pacific Ocean2.Atlantic Ocean3.Indian Ocean4.Arctic Ocean5.Southern Ocean* *the newest ocean being declared an ocean in

2000

Landforms

• Landforms are natural features of the landscape, natural physical features of the earth's surface.

• for example: mountains, water, valleys, plateaus, plains, hills or glaciers.

MountainsBIGGEST

formed by plates

colliding

WATER

ATLANTIC

PACIFIC

Gulf of Mexico

MISSISSIPPI RIVER

WATER

MISSISSIPPI RIVER

MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Grand Canyon, Great Lakes, & Hawaiian Islands

formed by running water

formed by glaciers

formed by volcanoes

MAP GRID

Map keyA map key, or legend, is a small chart included on a map that gives descriptions of what symbols are used and what they stand for.

Distance Scale

Political map

showsboundaries

Physical map

showslandformsand water

Elevation map

showselevationof area in comparison to sea level

Population map

showsareas of high and low population

Natural Resource map

showswhere resources of an area can be found

Climate map

REGIONS

DESERT

PLAINS

mountains

mou

ntai

ns

tundra

rainforest

REGIONS

CACTUS

GRASSLANDS

THICK

FORESTS

THICK

FOREST

S

PALM TREESPALM

TREES

CYPRESS TREES

HOW PEOPLE MODIFY LAND

IRRIGATION

DUST BOWL

& pesticid

es

CUTTIN

G TR

EES

CUTT

IN

G

TREE

S

LEVEES

DRAINING SWAMPS

MINING

U.S. LANGUAGESALL REGIONS MAINLY ENGLISH

Some Spanish Some French

Some Spanish

POPULATION OF REGIONS

BIG CITIES of New York, Boston, Philadelphia formed because of Atlantic coast = large populations

DIVERSITY

DIVERSITY

High Population of

African Americans

due to slavery

High Population of

Natives to reservations

High Population of

Hispanic due to

Mexican-American

War

ECONOMICS OF REGIONS

Fishing & Shipping

Fish

ing

& S

hipp

ing

Fishing & Shipping

FARMING

LUMBER

tourism

tourism

tour

ism

oil

oil

tourism

coal

NATURAL DISASTERS OF REGIONS

EARTHQ

UAKES

HURRICANES& FLOODS

TORNADOES

volcanoes& tsunamis

tsunamis

Region OverviewPhysical Economic Vegetation Natural

Disasters

Northeast mountainsforestscoastline

fishingshippingtourism

thick forests some tornadoes

Southeast wetlandsgulf coast

fishingshippingoil

Cypress treesPalm trees

hurricanesfloods

Midwest plainsGreat Lakes

agriculture grasslands tornadoes

Southwest desertsGrand Canyon

oil cactus some tornadoes

Western mountainstundrarainforest

fishingshippingtourismlumber

Palm treesthick forests

earthquakestsunamis