geography toolkit
DESCRIPTION
Geography ToolKit. At the back of your folder or binder, label the last tab as your GEOGRAPHY TOOLKIT Add these hints and graphics in your toolkit. Unit 1 – Geographer’s Toolkit. Spatial Education > The geographic perspective…. The Rules…. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Geography ToolKit
At the back of your folder or binder, label the last tab as your
GEOGRAPHY TOOLKIT Add these hints and graphics in your
toolkit.
Unit 1 – Geographer’s Toolkit
Spatial Education > The geographic perspective… The Rules….
1. There are reasons why things are where they are.
2. There are advantages for things being in appropriate places.
3. There are consequences for things being in the wrong places.
5. Answer
4. Analyze 3. Arrange
2. Acquire
1. Ask
The5 A’s
Ask Where is it? Why is it There? (Who, What,
Where, Why, How?)
Find the Information
Use Maps, Graphs, Charts
to show info.
See patterns and connections using
maps graphs, charts
Draw Conclusions. Ask new
Questions
Famous Geographers – Create a pneumonic device or graphic to help you remember these guys and their contributions to geography
Homer – Why is he famous?? Hipparchus ?? Plato ?? Aristotle ?? Eratosthenes ?? Ptolemy ??
MAP SKILLS HELPERS
Map projections- Create a pneumonic device or graphic to help you remember
• Motorboat = Mercator– Projection used for
navigation/ships
• Airplane = Azimuthal– Projection used by
pilots
• Round = Robinson– Projection used in
education
Remembering Latitude vs Longitude
• Draw a picture in your toolkit (unit 8) to help you remember latitude.
• Lat = flat• Flat = first (equator)
• What graphic can you create to remember
longitude? (PM)
latitude
latitude
latitude
Latitude
Legend Symbols
Mtn peak Mtns Peninsula П Plateau — Plains VValley Basin Canyon ░Desert(yellow)
~River
~ Dam Lake -s- Strait -c- Canal
——Country border National capital State capital ·City -P- Pipeline -RR- Railroad ------------------------------ Coloring maps Brown – mountain ranges Green – plains, plateaus,
peninsulas Yellow (with red dots) – deserts Red – mountain peaks Blue – water bodies
Physical features
policitcal features
TODALSIGS/MAP ELEMENTS TODALS1G1G2S2S3: An abbreviation for the elements required on
maps. Most maps we create will require TODALS2S3 only Title The subject of the map Orientation Compass. Be sure to include North, South, East, and
West. Date When the map is made Author Who made the map – you! Legend What the symbols and colors mean that are used on
the map Scale (S1) Distance used on the unit of measurement
Index Alphabetical listing of places on the map using lat/long, ABC/123
Grid (G1) Helps locate places on the map that are listed in the Index. Marked with Latitude and Longitude.
Glossary (G2) Definitions of the features on the map
Source (S2) Bibliographic information, annotation may be required Surrounding Shows the bordering areas of the map subject.
area (S3)
S2/Source info for textbook:Last name of author, first name of author, et.al. Name of book. City and state where published. Publisher. Year. Pages ____
Textbook as source
Arreola, Daniel, et al. World Geography. Evanston, Illinois. McDougall Littell, 2003
5 Themes of Geography
• M• r.• HEI• L• P
• MOVEMENTofpeople,goods,ideas
• REGION:formal,functional,perceptual/vernacular
• HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION:adaptations,dependency,changes
• LOCATION:mapskills• PLACE:unique
characteristics
Pp 5-9
Cardinal Directions on a map
• N• E• S• W
+• OUT/IN and
UP/DOWN
(different from North/South)
• What sentence can you create to remember directions?
N everE atS oggy W affles….
Geographic characteristics - ESPN
Political: The governing/laws of society
Economic: the money making of society
s
Nature and society: interaction between environments and people
Social/Cultural: the culture/beliefs of people in societies
Geography concept categories – E S P N – draw this chart in your toolkit
ECONOMIC SOCIAL/
Cultural
POLITICAL Natural Environment/ Nature and society
OBSERVE the photo.
SPECULATE about what you see.
ANALYZE the information.
EVALUATE the information.This questioning framework is good for analyzing photos such as those in a
textbook, on PowerPoint, Internet, etc
O.S.A.E….can you see?
CY FALLS
WRITING RULES
• Each paragraph is a minimum of 5 sentences.
• A paragraph must have a thesis statement/topic sentence.
• A paragraph must be written in third person.
• A paragraph must be supported with factual data.
• A paragraph must use appropriate Social Studies vocabulary.
Unit 2 – Physical Geography
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HELPERS
• L
• A
• N
• DCLIMATE FACTORS = L.A.N.D.
L ATITUDEA LTITUDE/ELEVATION/TOPOGRAPHYN EARNESS/PROXIMITY TO WATERD IRECTION OF WINDS/CURRENTS
SETTLEMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• P• S• O• S
• Goldilocks and Climate = ‘Just Right!’
• P eople• S ettle• O n• S hores
Elevation = Out
• The higher the Elevation the colder the temperature. – Also known as Altitude– Altitude = Away
Rivers…. Are LaZy
• Rivers flow DOWNHILL, even when they flow north because GRAVITY rules!
• Example: the Nile.
Geography Jill or George and climate zones
Geography Jill or George and climate zones
Geography George and climate zones
The Spit wad or Orographic Effect
• Page 50
• Rainshadow
H E I examples• HUMAN ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
– MAKE BUILDINGS ‘SHAKE DON’T BREAK’ IN AN EARTHQUAKE
– OH DARN, THERE’S A FLOOD – BUILD A DAM!
Great Lakes
• S• M• H• E• O
• Super• Man• Helps• Every• one
Physical v. Human Geography
HEI – where people and the environment meet!
Unit 3 – Population, migration & settlement
Population equation
PEOPLE
+ TECHNOLOGY
= ACCESS TO RESOURCES
PIGS and CITIES
P ort cities I ndustrial cities G overnment cities S pecialization of services
(finance, tourism, religion, education….)
Unit 4 – Cultural Geography
The elements of culture..Here is an easy way to remember!
ABC’S OF CULTUREA GB HC ID JE KF L
ABC’sof culture
Element
Appearance
Beliefs
Communication
Dates (important one for you)
Entertainment
Foods
Government/
Rules at home
Housing type
Information/ed.
Jobs @ home/work
Kind of environment
Leftovers
Unit 5 – Economic Geography
Command vs Free Enterprise
L = left (liberal)C = Command
Command is also Communism
R = Right (conservative)FE = Free Enterprise
FE is also known as Free Market
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC SYSTEMS MARKET/FREE ENTERPRISE =
‘FREE CHOICE’, MAKE & SELL WHAT YOU WANT TO
SOCIALISM/MIXED = MAJOR INDUSTRIES (Airlines, Power company, TV/Radio,
Insurance, etc…) OWNED BY GOVERNMENT
COMMAND/COMMUNISM = GOVERNMENT ‘COMMANDS’ YOU TO WORK, PRODUCE, ETC..
---------------------------------------------------------- TRADITIONAL =
LOCAL SMALL SCALE ECONOMY
Subsistence vs Commercial farming
Subsistence = self (make enough for your own family) Found in poorer countries
Commercial = cash (make enough to sell for a profit) Found in richer countries and on plantations in poorer countries
HDI characteristics –LIT/LIFE/ED/MONEY?? LELM??, MELL??,
4 characteristics ECONOMIC –
GDP/Per Capita SOCIAL (2) –
Literacy Rate Education level required
POPULATION – Life Expectancy
Peds, Gings, Pings
RICH/DeveloPED
EmerGING
Poor/DeveloPING
H I E – Say ‘HIE’
HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE
EDUCATION
Your Geography Matters…
SOL/ standard of living
HDI / Human Development Index
Social – (2) > LE, Economic > GDP Education > LR
Geography Rules > When Babies live
(HDI), Babies grow, read, get skills. When Grownups get skills they make money and then grownups live longer.
What makes the world go ‘round?
It’s the MONEY, Honey…..
1. Primary (resources to use and where each is from)
2. Secondary
(creating a product in a factory, etc…)
3. Tertiary
(Services/selling of a product)
4. Quaternary
(Research & management, making a better product)
Unit 6 – Political Geography
extras
Legend Symbols Mtn peak• Mtns Peninsula• П Plateau• — Plains• VValley• Basin• Canyon• ░Desert
• ~River
• ~ Dam• Lake• -s- Strait• -c- Canal
• ——Country border National capital State capital• ·City• -P- Pipeline• -RR- Railroad
MAP labeling and shading
Ink Colors – Maps can be labeled with ink colors as follows…. GREEN Physical features (mountains, plains, plateaus) BLUE Features associated with water (lakes, canals, rivers, seas…) BLACK Political features (Countries, states) RED Urban areas (cities, capitals, primate cities)
Coloring a Map – Specific shading will be required for each map
Physical features: As a general rule, use the following colors to shade physical features BROWN Areas of higher elevation such as mountains ranges, escarpments GREEN Areas of lower elevation such as plains, plateaus, valleys, peninsulas, forests YELLOW Areas of low precipitation (Desert). Follow with red dots to emphasize these areas RED Areas of highest elevation such as mountain peaks + dots in deserts BLUE Areas of water such as rivers, seas, oceans, straits…
Political Shading: Alternate shading of the countries so that no country of one color borders another of that color. DO NOT SHADE COUNTRIES BLUE.
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
Remembering Latitude vs Longitude
• How can you use the pictures to help you remember latitude?
• Lat = ??
• What graphic can you create to remember longitude?
latitude
latitude
latitude
latitude
Add the 5 themes to your tool kit in the back of your notebook
• 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
• M __________• r. ___________• H ___E___ I______• L ___________• P ____________
• MOVEMENT of people, goods, ideas
• REGION: formal, functional, perceptual/vernacular
• HUMAN/• ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION: adaptations, dependency, changes
• LOCATION: map skills
• PLACE: unique characteristics
Legend Symbols – copy in the back of your notebook
Mtn peak Mtns Peninsula П Plateau — Plains VValley Canyon ░Desert(reddots/yellow
shading)
~River
~ Dam Lake -s- Strait -c- Canal
——Country border National capital State capital
·City -P- Pipeline -RR- Railroad
Physical
Human
Coloring Physical Features
Brown – mountain ranges Green – plains, plateaus, peninsulas Yellow (with red dots) – deserts Red – mountain peaks Blue – water bodies
Yellow