geography history · geography and history unit 8: ancient rome 70 i.e.s. fernando iii el santo /...

IES FERNANDO III CENTRO BILINGÜE

GEOGRAPHY

& HISTORY

1º DE E.S.O

I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGÜE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 68

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY UNIT 8: Ancient Rome

UNIT 8: ANCIENT ROME

OUTLINE

ASPECTOS LINGÜÍSTICOS VOCABULARY

PRESENT SIMPLE IMPERATIVE LOS PASADOS TO BE THERE WAS THERE WERE. VERBOS REGULARES/

IRREGULARES EN PASADO AFIRMATIVA.

CONTABLES/INCONTABLES

SOME/ ANY GOING TO MUST / MUSTN´T

PHONETICS

1 - ROME POSITION

2 – HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME

CHRONOLOGY PERIODS

- FOUNDATION - CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE ROMAN KINGDOM - CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC - CHARACTERISTICS OF

THE ROMAN EMPIRE ACTIVITIES

3 – LIFE IN ROME CITIES

ECONOMY SOCIETY CITIES AND HOUSING ACTIVITIES

4 – RELIGION, LITERATURE, SCIENCE 5 – ROMAN ART

ARCHITECTURE SCULPTURE PAINTING ACTIVITIES

6 - VOCABULARY

TODOS LOS SONIDOS

ARISE BECOME CITIZEN(S) EMPEROR(S) EMPIRE FARMLAND(S) FOREIGN POLICY FREEDMAN HANDICRAFT HOUSING KINGDOM PEOPLES PERSONS PLOUGHS POWERS PROVINCES REACH(ED) REPUBLIC RIGHT(S) SEVERAL



1 – ROME

1. For several centuries Rome controlled a lot of regions around the Mediterranean Sea. Rome is in the middle of the Italic Peninsula (central Italy), in the Tiber River.

2. The Ancient Romans built the historical centre of Rome on seven hills. The city is near the

Mediterranean Sea and the Romans have a port called Ostia on the coast. 2 – HISTORY OF ANCIENT ROME

Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BC, but this is a legend.

The historians divide the history of Ancient Rome into three periods:

- The Roman Kingdom (from the middle of the 8th Century BC to

the year 509 BC): Seven kings ruled. - The Roman Republic (from 509 BC to 27BC): The Senate governed. - The Roman Empire (from 27 BC to 476 AC): Dynasties of emperors dominated the territories.

1. The Roman Kingdom: Etruscans occupied the city after its foundation. During this time the government was a monarchy. Ancient Romans expelled the last king of Rome in the year 509 BC.

2. The Roman Republic: From 509 BC to 27 BC Rome was a republic. The citizens chose their governors. The popular assemblies decided and voted new laws; magistrates (consuls, praetors, censors, aediles, quaestors, tribunes, and dictators) had political powers and several duties; the Senate, formed by ancient magistrates, had consultative duties, but in reality the Senate ruled the Republic. It decided about foreign policy and military, religious, legislative and judicial topics.

During the Roman Republic Rome expanded its territories throughout the Mediterranean Sea (called by the Romans <<Mare Nostrum>> or Our Sea) and founded a great territorial empire. During its conquests Rome fought against Carthage (Punic Wars) and conquered the Iberian Peninsula. Rome divided its territorial Empire into a lot of provinces. The Roman Legions were the armies who made the conquests and wars.

Image from: http://aftercheese.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/romulus_remus101.jpg

Image from: http://www.lifeinthefastlane.ca/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/roman_senate.jpg

Image from: http://www.roman-glory.com/images/zubkov-gallery/img09.jpg



In the 1st century BC Rome suffered civil wars and the Roman Republic entered a great crisis. The Roman Empire: In the year 27 BC the Roman Senate granted extraordinary political and religious powers to Octavian, he received the title of Augustus. He became the first emperor of the Roman Empire. Under his reign the Roman Empire enjoyed a period of order and stability (<<Pax Romana>> or Roman Peace). During several centuries there were a lot of emperors. They imposed their authority over the Empire. The territorial empire reached its maximum expansion in this period. The barbarian peoples were out of the limits of the Empire, but in the 3rd century AC some of them crossed the frontiers of the Empire. Emperors lost their authority in the most distant provinces and the economy changed and suffered a great crisis. In the year 395 AC Theodosius divided the empire into two parts: the Eastern Roman Empire (its capital city was Constantinople) and the Western Roman Empire (its capital city was Rome). The Germanic peoples invaded Rome and dethroned its last emperor. This meant the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but the Eastern Roman Empire continued as the Byzantine Empire during the whole Middle Age. Activities:

- Answer these questions:

Where is Rome? What is the name of its principal river? What is Ostia?

- Make a time line showing the periods of Ancient Rome

- Answer these questions: What is the name of magistrates during the Roman Republic? What is the meaning of SPQR? What did the Senate decide? What is the meaning of <<Mare Nostrum>>?

Image from: http://www.kalipedia.com/kalipediamedia/penrelcul/media/200707/18/relycult/20070718klpprcryc_214.Ies.SCO.jpg

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- Look for the names of five provinces of the Roman Empire. - Look at the picture of the legionaries on page 2.Colour the drawing with the same colours and write the names of the things that he has in his equipment. - Read the questions. Choose the correct answer.

Who was Augustus?: a) an Emperor b) a Dictator c) a woman What was the name of the period of order that Augustus imposed?

a) Roman Pie b) Roman Peace c) Pax Dominus In what century did the Barbarian Peoples cross the frontiers of the

Roman Empire? a) 2nd BC b) 3rd AC c) year 27 BC What was the capital city in the Eastern Roman Empire a) Rome b) the

Western Roman Empire c) Constantinople - Look for the names of five Roman emperors.

3 – LIFE IN ROMAN CITIES

Roman cities were centers of trade and Rome became the economic capital city of its empire. Rome received most of the products from all its provinces. 1. Economy: - Romans cultivated cereals,

legumes, fruits, vines and olive trees. They put into practice new technologies (fertilizers, irrigation, crop rotation, they left the land fallow…). They used a lot of work tools (ploughs…) and they used animals for agricultural jobs. Farmlands could be little or big. Little farmlands were properties of modest farmers and big farmlands were properties of rich men and the State. In big farmlands there were villas (villaes). Tenant farmers and slaves worked here.

- Handicraft was an activity localized in cities. Romans made a lot of products (weaves, metal objects, weapons, jewels….). There were food industries too.

Garum

Image from: http://www.magisterwhitchurch.net/Web%20assignmentsyounggirlwithstylus.jpg

Image from: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/8049/diagrams/legionary.gif



- Rome maintained strong trade relations with its provinces. It imported raw materials. Romans traded

with other regions out of their limits (Northern and Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa). Romans used many coins (bronze, cupper, silver and gold). The Roman Empire had a lot of trade routes and it had vast networks of paved roads.

2. Society:

- The society was divided into citizens and non-citizens. - The citizens were divided into patricians and plebeians. Patricians

were the nobility and they had all the rights and they were public servants. Plebeians had some rights. During the Republic they fought against patricians to obtain the same rights and one magistrate in the Senate (Plebeian Tribune).

- Non-citizens could be freedmen or slaves. The slaves were not considered persons and they didn`t have any rights. They were properties that could be bought and sold. They worked in agriculture, mines, handicraft, housework…The slaves could become free if their owner gave them their freedom (<<libertus>> or freedman).

3. Cities and housing: - The roman cities had grid form,

like a chess board. They were inspired by military camps. They had walls around their perimeters. Two roads crossed the middle of the city. The first one was called Cardo Maximus (from north to south) the second one was called Decumanus Maximus (from east to west). In the crossroads of both roads there were forums, squares with public buildings (temples, palaces, markets, basilicas…)

- Rich citizens lived in domus. They were inhabited by only one family. A domus had an interior patio called <<atrium>>. The bedrooms and dining room were around the atrium. The domus could have a garden.

- <<Insulae>> were buildings with several floors, like a block of flats. Some modest families lived in these buildings. The <<Insulae>> had a lot of windows and their building materials were of low quality.

Image from: http://johnturner101.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/061.jpg

Image from: http://home.att.net/~b.b.major/domuscol.jpg



Activities:

- Look at the map on page 4 and answer: What products did Rome receive from Hispania, Britannia, Greece, Egypt and China? Answer these questions:

What did the Romans cultivate? What were the villas? What products of handicraft did the Romans make?

- Look at these pictures and answer: Which of these images correspond to patricians, to plebeians and to slaves? Who were citizens and who were non-citizens?

- Look at the picture of the insulae. Describe it and answer these questions:

Who lived there? Where did the patricians live? What differences can you see between a

domus and an insulae?

4 – RELIGION, LITERATURE, SCIENCE - Ancient Romans had a polytheist religion. They

believed in many gods (Jupiter, Juno, Minerva...). They worshiped their gods in temples. They had household gods called <<lares, manes and penates>> who protected the house and the family. Romans considered the emperors to be like gods. In the first years of the Roman Empire Christianity arose as a new religion. The Christians increased their number in all the territories of the Empire. Some emperors prosecuted the Christians and these people took refuge in the catacombs. In 313 AC the emperor Constantine published the Edict of Milan. This edict accepted religious freedom for the whole Empire. Finally the emperor Theodosius proclaimed Christianity as the official religion.

Image from: http://www.jamilart.co.uk/jamilart/romaninsulae.jpg

Images from: http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/752/805629.JPG



- Romans developed the law. The Roman law has influenced the western

legislation until now. Seneca and Cicero were philosophers (Cicero was a politician and an orator too). Men of letters, like Virgil wrote poems and plays. Julius Caesar, Plutarch, Suetonius, Tacitus, Titus Livius and other historians wrote books about history.

- Galen developed and improved the medical discipline and influenced the Arabic and medieval medicine.

5 – ROMAN ART - Architecture: the Romans were great engineers and they built great constructions of civil engineering

(aqueducts, bridges, paved roads…), public buildings (temples, theatres, amphitheatres, circus, basilicas, thermaes…) and commemorative monuments (triumphal arches, columns…). They used stones, bricks, wood, cement and mortar in their buildings and constructions. They used round or semi-circular arches, vaults and Greek columns (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian orders) as architectonical elements. They used other orders such as Tuscan and Composite, that is a mixture between Ionic and Corinthian.

- Sculpture: the Romans sculpted portraits with realistic representations and historical reliefs about wars and great victories. Reliefs decorated triumphal arches and columns.

- Painting and mosaics: They made paintings and mosaics to decorate houses and other buildings. They represented topics of daily life and mythological scenes.

Activities:

- Read the questions. Choose the correct answer.

Who were household gods?: a) lares, manes, penates b) mares, panes, lenates c) pares, lanes, menates

In which year did Constantine publish the Edict of Milan? a) 213 AC b) 313 BC c) 313 AC Who wrote history books? a) Julius Caesar b) Seneca c) Galen Who was the Roman father of the gods? a) Zeus b) Jupiter c) Mars

- Look at these pictures and answer: Which of these images correspond to an amphitheatre, to a temple, to a thermae, to a triumphal arch?

Image from: http:// www.stcolmcilles.org/.../Images/Jupiter.jpg

Images from: https://www.fallingpixel.com/products/3832/mains/ColosseumCityscape.jpg---http://www.eurotrip.com/files/hostel/photos/maisoncareejour.JPG--- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/RomeConstantine%27sArch03.jpg---http://www.visitsouthwest.co.uk/images/articles/71_1.jpg---

Images from: http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/752/805629.JPG



6 - VOCABULARY

English Pronunciation Spanish Assemblies sust. /ə'semblies/ Asambleas Authority sust. /ə'θɔ:rəti / Autoridad Become verbo /bɪ'kʌm/ Hacerse, convertirse, llegar a ser Bridges sust. /brɪdʒs/ Puentes Cement sust. /sɪ'ment/ Cemento Chess board sust. /tʃes/ /bɔ:rd / Tablero de ajedrez Christianity sust. /'krɪsti'ænəti/ Cristianismo

Christians sust. /'krɪstʃəns/ Cristianos

Civil engineering adj. and sust. /'sɪvəl/ /,endʒɪ'nɪərɪŋ/ Ingeniería civil Coin sust. /kɔɪn/ Moneda Commemorative adj. /kə'memərə-tiv/ Conmemorativo Crisis sust. /'kraɪsɪs/ Crisis Crop rotation sust. /krɒp/ /rəʊ'teɪʃən/ Rotación de cultivos Cross verbo /krɔ:s / Cruzar Crossroads sust. /'krɒsrəʊdz/ Cruce de caminos, Encrucijada Daily life adj. and sust. /'deɪli/ /laɪf/ Vida diaria, cotidiana Dethrone verbo /dɪ'θrəʊn/ Destronar Emperors sust. /'empərərs / Emperadores Empire sust. /'empaɪə(r)/ Imperio Engineers sust. /,endʒɪ'nɪə(r)/ Ingenieros Expelled verbo pasado /ɪk'speled/ Expulsar Farmlands sust. /fɑ:rmlænds/ Tierras de labranza Fertilizer sust. /'fɜ:rtḷaɪzər/ Fertilizante Foreign policy adj. and sust. /'fɔ:rən/ /'pɒləsi/ Política exterior Freedman sust. /'frədmən,man/ Liberto Fruits sust. /fru:ts/ Frutas Politicians sust. /grɪd/ /fɔ:rm / En forma de rejilla, de cuadrícula Handicraft sust. /'hændɪkræft / Artesanía

Household gods sust. /'haʊshəʊld/ /gɒds/ Dioses del hogar (protectores del hogar)

Housing sust. /'haʊzɪŋ/ Vivienda Import verbo /ɪm'pɔ:rt / Importar (productos) Irrigation sust. /'ɪrə'geɪʃən / Irrigación, riego Jewels sust. /'dʒu:əls/ Joyas Kingdom sust. /'kɪŋdəm/ Reino Legend sust. /'ledʒənd/ Leyenda



Legumes sust. /'legjʊ:ms/ Legumbres

Low quality adj. and sust. /ləʊ/ /'kwɒləti/ (de) Baja calidad Market sust. /'mɑ:rkət / Mercado Men of letters sust. and prep. and sust. /men/ /ɒv/ /'letərs/ Hombres de letras

Middle Age adj. and sust. /'mɪdḷ/ /eɪdʒ/ Edad Media Mines sust. /maɪns/ Minas Mixture sust. /'mɪkstʃər / Mezcla Monarchy sust. /'mɑ:nərki / Monarquía Mortar sust. /'mɔ:rtər/ Mortero Mosaics sust. /məʊ'zeɪɪks/ Mosaicos Olive tree sust. /'ɒlɪv/ /tri:/ Olivo Orator sust. /'ɔ:rətər / Orador Palace sust. /'pæləs / Palacio Patricians sust. /pə'triʃəns/ Patricios Paved road sust. /pəvd/ /rəʊd/ Calzada, camino pavimentado Peoples sust. /'pi:pəls/ Pueblos (culturas) Perimeter sust. /pə'rɪmətər/ Perimetro Plebeians sust. /'plɪbɪəns/ Plebeyos Ploughs or plows sust. /plaʊ/ arado Political adj. /pə'lɪtɪkəl/ Político Proclaim verbo /prə'kleɪm/ Proclamar Provinces sust. /'prɒvɪnsɪs/ Provincia Reach verbo /ri:tʃ/ Alcanzar Realistic adj. /'ri:ə'lɪstɪk/ Realista Republic sust. /rɪ'pʌblɪk/ República Roman Legions adj. and sust. /'rəʊmən/ /'li:dʒəns/ Legiones romanas Routes sust. /ru:ts/ Rutas Senate sust. /'senət / Senado Several pronombre /'sevrəl/ Varios / varias Stability sust. /stə'bɪləti/ Estabilidad Tenant farmers sust. /'tenənt/ Agricultures arrendatarios Thermaes sust. /'thərmæs\ Termas They leave the land fallow /ðeɪ//li:v//ði//lænds//'fæləʊ/ Dejar la tierra en barbecho Topics sust. /'tɒpɪks/ Temas Triumphal Arch adj. and sust. /traɪ'ʌmfəl/ /ɑ:rtʃ / Arco triunfal, de triunfo Vast network adj. and sust. /væst //'netwɜ:rk / Inmesa red, vasta red…. Villas sust. /'vɪləs/ Villas, villaes Weapons sust. /'wepəns/ Armas

geography history · geography and history unit 8: ancient rome 70 i.e.s. fernando iii el santo /...

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