geography ch.4 the worlds people

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Chapter 4

World Geography

Culture

The Big Idea

Culture, a group’s shared practices and beliefs, differs from group to group and changes over time.

Main Ideas• Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a group of people share.

• The world includes many different culture groups.

• New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.


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Culture• The set of beliefs, values, and practices that a group of people has in

common• Includes many aspects of life, such as language and religion, that we

may share with people around us• Each is unique

Main Idea 1: Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a group of people share.

• An activity or behavior in which people often take part, such as language spoken or sports played

• Can be shared by people around the world

• Can change from place to place

Culture Traits


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Development of Culture

Cultures develop as people learn new culture traits.• Immigrants who move to a new country

Culture traits are often learned or passed down from one generation to the next. •Within families as traditions, foods, or holiday customs. •Laws and moral codes within societies


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Main Idea 2: The world includes many different culture groups.

• A culture region is an area in which people have many shared culture traits, such as religious beliefs, language, or lifestyle.

–A single country may include more than one culture region within its borders.

– A culture region may stretch across country borders.

• Often, culture regions are based on ethnic groups—groups of people who share a common culture and ancestry.


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World Geography

How Ideas Spread

•The spread of culture traits from one region to another is called cultural diffusion.

− Occurs when people move from one place to another

− Takes place as new ideas spread from place to place

How Cultures Change

•Innovations—new ideas or ways of doing things

•As societies come into contact with each other, cultures can change.

Main Idea 3: New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Population

The Big Idea

Population studies are an important part of geography.

Main Ideas• The study of population patterns helps geographers learn about the world.

• Population statistics and trends are important measures of population change.


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Main Idea 1: The study of population patterns helps geographers learn about the world.

• Population, or the total number of people in a given area- Influences business, transportation, schools, and more

• Geographers study human population

− Interested in patterns that emerge over time

− Study information such as how many people live in an area, why people live where they do, and how populations change


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Where People Live

• When an area is thinly populated, it is often because the land does not provide a very good life.

− Rugged mountains

− Harsh deserts

− Polar regions

• Areas with denser populations tend to be regions with fertile soil, reliable sources of water, and a good agricultural climate.

Population Density

• Population density—a measure of the number of people living in an area

• High population density areas

− Land more expensive

− Roads crowded

− Buildings taller

• Low population density areas

− More open spaces

− Less traffic

− More available land

Population Patterns


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Main Idea 2: Population statistics and trends are important measures of population change.

• Geographers examine three key statistics to learn about population changes.

− Birthrate—the annual number of births per 1,000 people

− Death rate—the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people

• Population growth rates differ from one place to another.

− In some countries, populations are growing very slowly or even shrinking.

− In most countries, populations are growing.

− In countries with growing populations, governments face many challenges.


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World Geography

World Population Trends

• Earth’s population has exploded in the last 200 years

− Better health care

− Improved food production

Migration

• Migration is the process of moving from one place to live in another.

• A common cause of population change

Population Change


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Government and Economy

The Big Idea

The world’s countries have different governments and levels of economic development.

Main Ideas• The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and

communism.

• Different economic activities and systems exist throughout the world.

• Geographers group the countries of the world based on their level of economic development.


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World Geography

Main Idea 1: The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.

• Governments:

− Make and enforce laws

− Regulate business and trade

− Provide aid to people

− Help shape the culture and economy of a country as well as the daily lives of people who live there


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World Geography

Monarchy

•One of the oldest types of government

•Ruled directly by a king or queen, the head of a royal family

•In some, power is in the hands of just one person.

Other Types of Government

Dictatorship

•A single, powerful ruler has total control.

•Leader is called a dictator.

•Often rules by force

•People have few rights and no say in their own government.

Communism

•A political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country

•People have restricted rights and very little freedom.


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Main Idea 2: Different economic activities and systems exist throughout the world.

• The economy is a system that includes all of the activities that people and businesses do to earn a living.

• Countries use a mix of different economic activities and systems.


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Traditional Economy

•System in which people grow their own food and make their own goods

•Trade may take place through barter, or the exchange of goods without the use of money.

•Often found in rural and remote communities

Economic Systems

Market Economy

•System based on private ownership, free trade, and competition

•Individuals and businesses are free to buy and sell what they wish.

•Prices determined by the supply and demand for goods

•Sometimes called capitalism

Command Economy

•System in which the central government makes all economic decisions

•Government decides what goods to produce, how much to produce, and what prices will be.


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World Geography

Developed and Developing Countries

Economic Indicators• Measures of a country’s wealth used by geographers to decide if a

country is developed or developing

• One measure used is gross domestic product (GDP)—the value of all goods and services produced within a country in a single year.

• Developed countries have strong economies and a high quality of life; have solid infrastructure and manufacturing

• Developing countries have less productive economies and a lower quality of life; do not have solid infrastructure most people still farm

Main Idea 3: Geographers group the countries of the world based on their level of economic development.


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Global Connections

The Big Idea

Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange, trade, and a cooperative world community possible.

Main Ideas• Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.

• The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises.


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World Geography

Main Idea 1: Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.• Globalization is the process in which countries are increasingly linked to

each other through culture and trade.

− Caused by improvements in transportation and communication over the last 100 years

• Popular culture refers to culture traits that are well known and widely accepted.

− Examples include food, sports, music, and movies.

• Expansion of global trade has increased interdependence—the reliance of one country on the resources, goods, or services of another country—between countries.


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Chapter 4

World Geography

Main Idea 2: The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises.

• Because of globalization, the world seems smaller.

− Places are more connected

− What happens in one part of the world can affect the entire planet

geography ch.4 the worlds people

Education

population changes

population statistics

group of people

main ideas culture

population patternscopyright

population changecopyright

people population growth

culture regions