geography and history
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Geography and History. Ancient Chapter 1, Section 1. The Iceman of the Alps. In 1991, two hikers discovered the Iceman’s body in a mountain pass in the Alps, on the Italian-Austrian border in Europe. Scientists studied the thousands-old body and his possessions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Geography and History
Ancient Chapter 1, Section 1
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The Iceman of the Alps
• In 1991, two hikers discovered the Iceman’s body in a mountain pass in the Alps, on the Italian-Austrian border in Europe.
• Scientists studied the thousands-old body and his possessions.– Provided clues about his life and death
• Scientists determined the Iceman lived about 5,000 years ago in 3,000 B.C.– His clothes were made of finely stitched animal
skins.• Probably came from a community with people skilled
in sewing
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The Iceman of the Alps
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Otzi’s discovery
Otzi’s body
The Iceman of the Alps
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The Iceman of the Alps• The most important clue about the Iceman’s life
was his copper ax.• Copper was the first metal used by Europeans,
beginning about 4,000 B.C.– There was no doubt the Iceman lived after people
had learned to use copper.• Ten years after the discovery of the Iceman,
scientists discovered an important clue to the story of the Iceman’s death.– found an arrowhead lodged in his chest– previously thought he had fallen asleep and froze
to death• Scientists now believe the Iceman died from
being shot by an arrow.
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Otzi’s copper ax
Arrowhead
The Iceman of the Alps
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Understanding History
• About 5,000 years ago, people from southwest Asia and Africa developed systems of writing.– They began to keep records of their
experiences.• That was the beginning of history
recorded events of people• Prehistory before history– This was the period of time in the past
before writing was invented.• How can we learn about the people who
lived before written history?
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Prehistory: Digging Up the Past
• To learn about life in prehistoric times, scientists must rely on clues other than written records.
• Archaeologists examine objects to learn about past people and cultures– They sift through the dirt of prehistoric
camps to find bones, tools, and other objects.• These objects may tell them something about
the people who lived there.
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History: A Record in Writing
• Historians do not have to rely on the objects discovered by archaeologists to learn about the past.
• They study the written record of human life and accomplishments to understand a society – wars, religion, rulers, etc.
• Historians also look at what other groups living at the same time wrote about that society.
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Oral Traditions: A Record in the Spoken Word
• The written records historians often studied often began as oral traditions stories passed down by word of mouth.– Can tell family history, stories about heroes or
events in the past
• Not all oral stories are historically accurate.– Myths and legends mix facts with beliefs and
exaggerations about heroes.– Still, oral traditions tell about how a society
lived and what the people considered important.
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Linking Geography with History
• Knowing the connection between geography and history is often the key to understanding why events happened.
• Ancient Egyptian example:– They were a successful civilization because they
built on the banks of the great Nile River. Each year, the Nile flooded, depositing rich black soil on its banks.
– This assisted farmers who could grow enough to feed the large population.
– Everyone did not have to farm and could do other things to develop the civilization.
– Without the Nile flooding, Egyptian civilization would not have become so successful.
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Ancient Egypt