geography and early civilizations in china. covered a large area of asia the climate, soil,...
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Ancient ChinaGeography and Early Civilizations in China
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Where is it located?
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Covered a large area of Asia
The climate, soil, landforms, and waterways varied greatly depending on the region
Geography
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Contrasting features
North/ East China Southern China
Surrounded by highlands
Have a brief, intense summer rainy season caused by monsoon winds
Very dry
Very warm weather
Humid and rainy◦ Monsoons from S. China
sea bring heavy rains March-September
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Effects of Monsoons…
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Barriers?
◦ Mountains and seas separated China from other lands
AS A RESULT…
◦ Early Chinese people had very little knowledge of the civilizations of Egypt, India, Rome and Greece
Called themselves the “Middle Kingdom”
Geographic Barriers and their effects on Civilization
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The river of Ancient ChinaYellow River or Huang River
Muddiest River in the world
Called “Yellow River” because:◦ carries yellow-brown soil
called loess that is deposited when river floods
Called “China’s Sorrow”
◦ Brought life and took thousands of lives
Why?
◦ Destructive floods came without warning
Flood waters ran so fast it would carve a new path in the land!
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Yellow River
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Early farming settlements developed into civilizations
Shang Dynasty◦ First civilization in China around 1760 B.C.
◦ Built China’s first cities
◦ Produced China’s first writing system
◦ Could be used for different languages
Made communication easier
◦ Created beautiful works of art using BRONZE!
Early Civilizations in China
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Zhou Dynasty
Located directly west of the Shang Dynasty
Conquered the Shang around 1122 B.C.
◦ Ruled China for almost 1,000 years
Eventually…
Split into two parts: Eastern and Western Zhou
◦ Fought each other until a new dynasty emerged:
QIN DYNASTY!!!
Early Civilizations in China
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What is the mandate of Heaven?
◦ Chinese believed that rulers came to power because it was their destiny or fate
Mandate = a law or an order
◦ Mandate of Heaven supported a leader’s right to rule his people
◦ Also gave a father the authority over his family
Mandate of Heaven