geographical skills package 1
TRANSCRIPT
Chong Boon Secondary School
Geographical Skills Package
Pure Geography
Chong Boon Secondary School
Geographical Skills Package 1
Elective Geography
Skills Covered
1.Scatter Graphs2.Line Graphs3.Distribution Maps4.Constructing Hypothesis
Scatter Graphs• Shows Correlation between two
sets of data.• Represented by points.• NO LINE joins the points.• Axes show the factors / data that
you are studying.
Types of Correlation• Positive Correlation – Values on the x-axis increase and the
corresponding value on the y-axis increase.• Negative Correlation– Values on the x-axis increase while the
corresponding values of the y-axis decreases.• No Correlation– Values on the x-axis does not have a regular
correlation with values of the y-axis.
Strength of Correlation
• Strong correlation – The plots closely follow the best-fit line.
• Weak correlation – The plots are further away from the best-fit line.
• Line of Best-fit– Solid straight line that intersects / is nearest most
of the points mapped.
Let’s look at these examples
Strong Positive
Correlation
ModeratePositive
Correlation
No Correlation
Moderate Negative
Correlation
Strong Negative
Correlation
Line Graphs
• Used to track variables over time.• Shows progress and growth.• Points that are joined by a straight line.
Comparative Line Graphs• Multiple graphs on the same axis• Shows relationship• Allows for comparision
Describing the graph• Look out for the angle of the slopes.• Look out for general trends.• Key term s–Gradual; Constant; Fluctuating;
Sudden; etc.• Is there any relationship between the
various lines?• Do the intersects mean anything?
Sample 1
Distribution Map
• Shows the spread of a feature over an area–Qualitative • Shows distribution of a product across an
area–Quantitative• Shows amount of production / sale / etc
across an area
Gorilla Distribution in Africa
Key Pointers• Skim the entire area, look for key
hotspots• Check the legend carefully–Colour / unit of measure
• Are there possible links to areas of similar intensity?
• Are there areas that are strange? –No data / missing data
Constructing Hypothesis
• An educated guess• A statement that the available
data can help you verify / test• NOT in the form of a QUESTION!
Key Points To Note
• Look carefully at the data that is given.• Your hypothesis must be able to be
tested by that data.• There must be an assumed
relationship between the two variables to be tested or proven.
What can you propose as hypothesis given the following data sets?
• PSLE score and O Level Score for a class.• Pocket $ left after recess and amount
of food consumed during recess.• Earnings at an ice-cream stall and the
amount of people who walk past it daily.