geographical indications act in india
DESCRIPTION
Basics of legal instrument for protection of geographical indication (GI) in IndiaTRANSCRIPT
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
Geographical Indications a Community IP
S.K. Soam
Head, ICM Division
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad-500030
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
Geographical location
Geo-climatic features Specially attained skills
Special characteristics
Reputation
Product (goods) Services
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Some Examples of GI
• Textiles and Handicrafts– Kalamkari, pochampally, nirmal toys; bukhara carpets, hereke
carpets
• Fruits and nuts– Kesari, Alphonso, Dashari, Chounsa, Makhana, Nagpur orange;
seville oranges, jaffa oranges
• Ayurvedic products medicinal plants– Triphala,Chayavanprash, Njavara rice, Kalimoonch rice,
Ashvagandha
• Alcoholic & non alcoholic beverages– Feni, Zumai, zutuilling,yuu; ruou, sake, mezcal, tequila, sherry
wine, rioja wine, bordeaux, champagne, chablis
– Darjeeling tea, nilgiri tea; Rooibos tea
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
Some Examples of GI
• Food grains– Pokkali rice/ Jeerakshala, Gandhakshala /Basmati rice (pusa
basmati, shaheen basmati, basmati pak, tarawadi basmati, Dehrdun basmati), tandur dal; Arroz de valencia rice
• Animal and meat products– Kadaknath, chegu goat,Jamunapari goat (paneer) ongole bull;
carora, malbuner sausages (Liechtenstein)
• Miscellaneous products– Masticatory (paan); food recipes (chicken tikka, hyderabadi
biryani; swiss fondue); timbers; bhedaghat marbel; gangajal-korytnicka minerala voda; special skills required (khurja ceramics-delft ceramics, Ferozabad glass-belgian glass, toledo steel- Munger country made pistols, gur
• Rural niche products– Desi ghee, sirka; feta cheese, sherry vinegar
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Factors determining quality of GI Strong GI Weak GI
Geographical contribution
Geographical association
Geographical location H
um
an
N
atu
re
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Legal instruments
• Section 3: TRIPS• The Geographical Indications of Goods
(registration & protection)Act 1999• 22.1TRIPS/ 2.1.e, 2.1.f GI ACT
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TRIPS plus provisions
• 23 TRIPS additional protection to wines/spirits– Refusal for GI &TM/homonymous indications/ multilateral
protection
• 22.2, 22.3/ Rule 79– Champagne Type Whisky– Champagne fruit juice– Darjeeling type tea– American kind Basmati– Kerala Basmati– Saree in Pochampally style– Pochampally saree made at Benaras
• Additional protections does not confer automatically (rule77) on the basis of measurable attributes (rule79) decision of registrar (rule 81.1)/ pay fees
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TRIPS Plus provisions: Homonymous Indications
• 23.3 & 24.4 TRIPS/ Section 10
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TRIPS Plus provisions: 24.4 TRIPS/ 84.2Black label Scotch : Champagne Transportation Service
• Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to prevent continued and similar use of a particular geographical indication of another Member identifying wines or spirits in connection with goods or services by any of its nationals or domiciliaries who have used that geographical indication in a continuous manner with regard to the same or related goods or services in the territory of that Member either (a) for at least 10 years preceding 15 April 1994 or (b) in good faith preceding that date.
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Owners of a GI
• Producer
2.1.k GI Act
• Proprietor (Part-A) 2.1n, 7.2GIAct,
• Authorised user (Part-B)2.1b, 17,7.3GIAct
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Negative protection
• Nullifying provisions– 22.4TRIPS/ 9.g/22.1c
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Negative protection
Infringement of registered GI– 22.1a/22.2a TRIPS
– 22.4TRIPS/9.g/22.c
– act of unfair competition Art 10 bis of paris convention- 22.1.b/ 22.2b TRIPS
• Chapter VIII –offences/penalty/provisions of falsifying/falsely applying/ 38.4 burden of proof on accused-Kadaknath chicken
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©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
©S.K. Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
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Procedures
• TRIPS provide no procedural guidelines• Who can register 11.1• What are requirements 11.2• What can not be registered sec 9/ 9.f, 26.2 & 24.9
TRIPS• No distinction with foreigners except
– GI protected in their own country– Certificate from competent authority– If not a citizens from convention countries (84.1)
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Claw back provisions- Parma ham case
• Proscuitto di Parma –GI of Italy- Parma Ham
• Consorzio del Prosciutto di Parma- TM in canada
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Inventory of GI:priorities and goals
En
do
gen
ic
A Njavara rice Kalimoonch rice Kadakntah chicken
B Alphonso mango Basmati rice Darjeeling tea
C Sirka Desi ghee Chettinad chicken
D Nirmal toys Kalmkari Triphala
Technical Trade
Nat
ura
l fac
tors
Exo
gen
ic
Anthropogenic skills
Strategic policy issues A- Protection concerns- IPR, variety, genetic resources B- International trade concerns- agric. goods C- Protection concerns- measures to check niche products becoming generic D- International trade concerns- manufacturing goods
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Why?
Who?
How?
What?
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