geographic information systems: human and animal health applications introduction to gis concepts...
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Geographic Information Systems: Human and Animal Health Applications
Introduction to GIS Concepts & Software
Geographic Information Systems: Human and Animal Health Applications
Introduction to GIS Concepts & Software
Patrick FloranceSenior GIS Specialist, UIT
Tufts University
Patrick FloranceSenior GIS Specialist, UIT
Tufts University
GoalsGoals• Basic understanding:
– Principles and theory of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)– GIS software: ArcGIS
• Application area:– Human & animal health
• Both for:– Immediate course research project– Future work/research
OverviewOverviewClass 1: Introduction to GIS & Thematic Cartography
Class 2: GIS Data Sources and Structure snd Analysis
Class 3: GIS Analysis
Class 4: Intro to Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
FormatFormat• Lecture & lab within 3 hour period
– Emphasis on questions and discussion• Concurrently with ArcGIS tutorials
Learning GIS Fundamentals I:Introduction to GIS
Concepts & Software
Learning GIS Fundamentals I:Introduction to GIS
Concepts & Software
GISGeographic Information Systems
NOT GPS (Global Positioning System)
GISGeographic Information Systems
NOT GPS (Global Positioning System)
Definition of GISDefinition of GISGIS is a system of computer
software, hardware, data and personnel to help store, manipulate, analyze, and present information that is tied to a spatial location.
GIS is NOT:GIS is NOT:• A static map – paper or digital
• Maps are “products” of GIS
• A software package• GIS software is just one component of a GIS• There are many software packages
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
• Graphics Vector graphics to represent features on or below the surface of
the Earth.
Hospital, crime/disease incident, manhole, well, parking meter, city, etc.
Road, river, sewer, etc.
Building, parcel, lake, river, etc.
Points
Lines
Polygons
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
• Geo - Graphics Vector graphics with real-world coordinates
Hospital, crime/disease incident, manhole, well, parking meter, city, etc.
Road, river, etc.
Building, parcel, lake, river, etc.
Long/Lat
X/Y
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
• Information Geo-Graphics attached to a database
Road from MassGIS
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems• Where? What? How?
Site Suitability: locate optimal sites for a tiger habitats• Tiger location sample data• Vegetation• Elevation• Slope• Proximity to water• Within protected areas• Distance from population
centers
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
• Systems Put it all together:
Data, software, hardware, people, methods, etc.
ArcGIS ExampleArcGIS Example
Use of GISUse of GIS• Mapping & Visualization• Analysis and Modeling• Resource Management
Thematic MappingThematic Mapping
Thematic MappingThematic Mapping
Annualized average incidence of HFRS (Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome) in mainland China during 1994 – 1998 (Liqun Fang, 2006).
GPS: Monkey Locations in Kathmandu
Takesaka, L.
Risk AssessmentWest Nile Virus, New York City
Risk Map of New York City for Aug 23, 2001. Darker red areas indicatehigher probability of viral activity. Blue "head" icons were added laterand show where human cases will occur within the next two weeks. (Strite Potter, 2002)
Hot Spot Clusters
Wildlife Habitat ModelingPredictive modeling of tiger signsHuay Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
Change Detection
http://gis.tufts.eduhttp://gis.tufts.edu
• GIS Data Sources• GIS Instructional Materials and
Tutorials– New GIS Teaching & Research Wiki
• Geocoding, Joins, Census data, etc.
• GIS Computing• GIS Lab Assistant Hours
GIS Lab I:
Examining Spatial Distribution of Cholera Epidemic in Peru
GIS Lab I:
Examining Spatial Distribution of Cholera Epidemic in Peru
GIS SoftwareGIS Software• ArcGIS 9.3 Product Tier
ArcGIS ArcView ArcGIS ArcEditor ArcGIS ArcInfo
• ArcView 3.3 Older product
basic ($)medium ($$)advanced ($$$$)
GIS SoftwareGIS Software• ArcGIS 9.3 Core Modules
ArcMap: mapping, data editing, analysis ArcToolbox: analysis, geoprocessing ArcCatalog: organizing, preview, metadata
• Launch ArcGISArcMap
U.S Census GeographyU.S Census Geography•CountryStateCountyTractBlock GroupBlock
Cote d’IvoireCote d’Ivoire•CountryDépartementCommuneQuartier
•1st2nd3rd4th Level Administrative Geography
Thematic MappingThematic Mapping• A Thematic Map (statistical map) is used to
display the spatial pattern of a particular theme or attribute.
• They are different from a general-reference map which is based on location (i.e., world political reference map).
• In GIS, one creates thematic maps using the attributes.
Attribute/Variable Data TypesAttribute/Variable Data Types
Data Type Description Classification
Nominal Categories
Ethnicity, Gender, Political Party
Categories
Ordinal Rank Order1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.
Categories/Quantities
Interval/ratio Numeric-10000 to 9999
Quantities
Joining DataJoining DataJoin separate tabular data to GIS data through a unique identifier that exists in both datasets
GIS ShapefileAttributes of GIS Shapefile Excel spreadsheet data
Joining DataJoining DataOnce the join is completed, the separate tabular data is joined (appended) to the GIS data and ready to be used within GIS for mapping and analysis
GIS Shapefile
Attributes of GIS Shapefile with excel data joined
Graduated Symbol MapGraduated Symbol Map• Thematic mapping is not limited to area or
polygon data• Lines & points can also be classified based
on attribute values• Often use raw count numerical data• Often use nominal data
Thematic Mapping - ElementsThematic Mapping - Elements• Title• Geographic region• Time period (i.e., year)• Legend• North arrow - orientation• Scale bar• Data source• Date of composition• Cartographer - who made the map?
GIS Data FormatsGIS Data Formats
• ESRI formats– Shapefile– Coverage
• Topology, multiple geometries
• Come bundled as E00 files
– Geodatabase• Object-oriented GIS
• Many other formats– MapInfo– DLG– TIGER– VPF
GIS: Helpful HintsGIS: Helpful Hints
GIS datasets come as layersMost common is the shapefileOther formats: coverage, geodatabase
.MXDMap document that stores the pathways to the datasets (layers). If you move the .mxd to another location (CD, flash drive, another PC), you must also move the datasets (shapefiles) or at least redefine the source
Save oftenWhen in doubt, RIGHT CLICK!
GIS: Helpful HintsGIS: Helpful Hints
The JoinJoin by attributes
•Joins separate tabular data to GIS data via a unique identifier•Usually must “clean” data before joining•Right Click on Layer Joins and Relates
Spatial Join•Joins data based on spatial location•Right Click on Layer Joins and Relates
GIS: Helpful HintsGIS: Helpful Hints
Selection•Select features manually with the selection tool•Select features by location•Select features by their attributes
Data Views: 2 Views•Data View: manipulating & editing data•Layout View: page layout for map design and adding map elements
Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?
Patrick FloranceSenior GIS Specialist, UIT
Tufts University
Patrick FloranceSenior GIS Specialist, UIT
Tufts University
http://gis.tufts.eduhttp://gis.tufts.edu