geoglam update michel deshayes, geo inbal becker-reshef, alyssa whitcraft, umd geoglam working group...

GEOGLAM Update

Michel Deshayes, GEOInbal Becker-Reshef, Alyssa Whitcraft, UMD

GEOGLAM Working GroupCEOS SIT-29 Side MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014

SIT-29 MeetingCNES, Toulouse, France9th-10th April 2014

GEOGLAM Activities3 Components + 3 Cross Cutting Components

1. GLOBAL/ REGIONAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

Main producer countries, main crops

2. NATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT

for agricultural monitoring using Earth Observation

3. MONITORING COUNTRIES AT RISK

Food security assessment

Stakeholders Governments AMIS FAO

6. Data, products and INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

5. METHOD IMPROVEMENT through R&D coordination (JECAM)

4. EO DATA COORDINATION

Agricultural Expertise

(GEO CoP, FAO)

MeteorologicalExpertise(WMO)

Earth ObservationExpertise (CEOS)

Satellite / ground data / models


GEOGLAM & CEOS CollaborationPhased Implementation Approach

• Phased approach developed by GEOGLAM Ad-Hoc Team mandated Nov. 2012, refined March/June 2013

• Subsequent, overlapping phases • Phase 1 (2012-2014): focuses on foundation activities, building on existing activities &

pilot projects for a few countries, scoping out the programme, & establishing requirts• Phase 2 (2014-2016): reviews and expands P1 activities with new starts• Phase 3 (2015-2017): the last building pre-operational phase with the completion of

P1/P2 projects and geographical expansion;• Phase 4 (late 2017 onward): the operational phase


GEOGLAM Activities

•Main Component #1 activities• Crop Monitor: Coordinated Global Crop Assessments (4 main crops, ~30 main producers)

oMonthly operational report to AMIS (G-20 Agricultural Market Information System, with secretariat hosted at FAO)

oSynthesizes monitoring activities and provides consensus global crop assessments (Coordinated by UMD with NASA support)

o Participating Agencies include: USDA NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service) & FAS (Foreign Agricultural Service) EC-JRC MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) & Agri4Cast (Agricultural Forecasts) China: RADI-CAS CropWatch Russia VEGA (Satellite based service for vegetation monitoring) India: FASAL (Forecasting Agriculture using Space, Agro-met. & Land based observations)

& NADAMS (National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System)

Canada: NCMS (National Crop Monitoring System)… Brazil: CONAB GeoSafras Japan + China + INDIA + ASEAN: ASIA-RiCE project Other countries: Australia, Mexico, Argentina, South Africa…


GEOGLAM activities

• Main Component #2 – Capacity Building • On-going national projects

o Argentina (INTA - UMD - NASA)o Pakistan (CRS – SUPARCO – FAO - UMD – NASA)o Ukraine (IKD – HydroMet - EC)o South Africa (NEOSS – ARS)…

• Main Component #3 – Countries at Risk• On-going international monitoring Projects

o FAO GIEWS (Global Information & Early Warning System)o US FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning System)o EC MARS Food Security Bulletinso China CropWatch Drought & Food security activities…

• Cross Cutting Component R&D – JECAM• Objective: to reach a convergence of approaches, develop monitoring & reporting protocols

and best practices for a variety of global agricultural systems• About 40 test-sites on all continents!


Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects

• EO data for Component #1 – Global Crop Monitoring for AMIS• GEOGLAM Monthly Crop Monitor

oWheat, Maize, Soy Use of low resolution optical data (MODIS), together with Met data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) and

with moderate resolution crop type masks CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res, Optical Moderate Res

• Future: sampled optical high resolution ; microwave SAR

o Rice Rice regions: China, India, South-East Asia (90% world prod. & consumption)

• South-East Asia : up to 3 rice crops/year, important cloud cover (intertropical region) Rice monitoring, using AgroMet data (GCOM-W, TRMM…) & local experts

• Asian collaborative network, coordinated by JAXA (S. Sobue) CEOS data used to-date : Optical Low Res. (OLR) ; microwave SAR (just starting)

C#1 – Crop Monitor – AMIS countries

AMIS members: 80%-90% World Production & Exports

Wheat production2012 – 2014 average

Maize production2012 – 2014 average

Soybean production2012 – 2014 average

Wheat Exports2012 – 2014 average

Maize Exports2012 – 2014 average

Soybean Exports2012 – 2014 average

Rice Exports2012 – 2014 average


October

November

December

September

Operational GEOGLAM Global Crop Condition Assessments published monthly within the

G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin

Operational GEOGLAM Global Crop Condition Assessments published monthly within the

G-20 AMIS Market Monitor Bulletin

GEOGLAM Crop Monitor in AMIS Market Monitor


Present use of EO data in GEOGLAM projects

• EO data for Component #2 – Capacity Building• National CB projects based on:

o Optical Low (MODIS), Moderate (TM), High (Spot, RapidEye) resolution data, together with AgroMet info, used in Crop Yield Forecast Models, with local experts Argentina, Ukraine, Morocco, South Africa, Ethiopia… CEOS data : optical low / medium / high resolution (Free-of-Charge + Commercial)

o ASIA-RiCE project, a multi-national rice- monitoring project: for 8 ASEAN countries, with JAXA coordination & participation of India & China CEOS : from Autumn 2013, use of SAR data (Scan à HiPrec. modes) for national & sub-natl

Crop area assessment & Crop yield forecast, obt. Through CEOS

• EO data for Component #3 – Countries at Risk• Early Warning Systems based on:

o Multi-source information: AgroMet & Optical Low Resolution data, moderate and high resolution + expertise

Training Workshops

C#2-CB – ex. Pakistan: Strengthening Provincial Capacity (collaboration between USDA, FAO, SUPARCO, CRS Pakistan, & UMD)

Examples of products obtained from multitemporal SAR dataUse of 10 CosmoSkymed scenes / 4.5 months, Autumn-Winter 2013 crop An Giang test-site (Vietnam) :

August:19; September: 4, 20 ; October: 6, 14, 22, 30; November: 7, 15, 23

C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring

2013Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

10 CosmoSkymed acquisitions

Intensive measurements

Extensive measurements

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

HH backscatter (dB)

VV

bac

ksca

tter

(dB

)

19/08/2013

04/09/2013

20/09/201306/10/2013

14/10/2013

30 cm10 cm

Angle : 50-55°

70cm

30 cm

70 cm

An Giang (Vietnam), Aug-Oct 2013CosmoSkymed, X band SAR

tillering

2-3 leaves

stemextension

Camargue (France), 1988X band airborne SAR

Two experiments, same scattering physics

C#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring

Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR) within same growing season

19 August

4 Sept.

20 Sept.

18 Oct.

6 Oct.

White: Fields detected with one date only (Jan 26)

Green: additional fields detected with 2nd image (Feb 11)

With 2 dates, 26/01 & 11/02, almost all rice fields in

Thoai Son and Chau Thanh have been detected

Map of rice fieldsSeason-1_2014

Single-date vs 2-dates

Rice mappingC#2-CB – ex. Use of SAR data for Rice Monitoring

Conclusion: AgMon needs multidate imagery (opt-SAR)within same growing season

Season_1

Season_2

Season_3

C3-C@R – ex. Monitoring of Horn of Africa


• JECAM study sitesstudy sites represent many of the world’s main cropping systems • Over 30 sites currently exist or are in development. Several new sites associated with EC

FP7 SIGMA Project.

R&D Component – JECAM


1717

Opt. Low Res.

COSMO SkyMed

RADAR-SAT-2

Terra-SAR-X

MODIS CHRIS HJ-1 Landsat AWIFS DMCII Deimos ASTERSPOT-4/5/6

RapidEye

Formo sat-2

PléiadesQuickbird

World-View -2

JECAM SiteWorld Region

5-30-100m

3m-100m

1-3-18m 250m36m

Hyperspec

32m 30m 24m22m-32m

22m 15m 10-20m 5m2mPan 6mXS

0,7mPan 2,8mXS

0,6m Pan

2,4mXS

0,46mP an

1,84mXS

Burkina Faso Afr X XMadagascar Afr X X

Morocco Afr XTunisia Afr X X X X X

Canada CFIA – Ottawa N-Am X X XCanada/Red River N-Am X X X

Canada/South Nation N-Am X X XU.S.A. N-Am X

Argentina S-Am X X X X X X XBrazil – Sao Paulo S-Am X X X

Brazil – Tapajos S-Am X X X XUruguay S-Am X

China / Guangdong (Taishan) Asia X X XChina / Heilongjiang Asia X X X X X X X

China / Jiangsu Asia No data Request in 2013

China / Shandong Asia X X X X X X X XTaiwan Asia X X XRussia AsiaCentr X XUkraine AsiaCentr X X X X XBelgium Eur X X X XFrance Eur X X X X X

Italy Apulian Tavoliere Eur XSaudi Arabia MidEast X X X

Radar Optical Moderate Resolution Optical High Res. Opt. Very High Res.

CEOS Support - JECAM Data Requests (2013)


• JECAM, foundation of GEOGLAM R&D component

• JECAM requirements now part of GEOGLAM requirements

• 2013 Annual Report delivered yesterday• 23 sites reporting• State of the Science for Ag Monitoring (Crop Area, Crop Cond,

Yield Forecast, Soil Moisture, Management Practices)• A rich set of scientific results, produced by expert teams around the world,

in a wide variety of geographic settings and cropping systems, available for sharing and definition of ‘best practices’

Provides clear indication of the impact of CEOS support18

JECAM Summary Phase 1


•Better coordinating in-situ & satellite data for sharing across sites

•Define and create minimum in-situ & EO data sets• Subset of JECAM sites TBD (willing, able, and representative)• Medium to High Res Imagery data sets (i.e. RapidEye; Landsat,

Sentinel 1&2, Radarsat 2, TerraSAR-X, MODIS, etc) TBD • In-situ data sets (create standards – Defourny)• Open data licenses to share between all JECAM sites• Find data management solution (discovery, access) – SDMS ?

•Link with Space Data Management System (SDMS)• GFOI, first user of SDMS • JECAM second user : 4-5 JECAM sites to be identified

19

JECAM Proposed Way Forward - Phase 2


Component #4: Coordination of EO Data

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Req#Crop Mask

Crop Type

Area and Growing Calendar

Crop Condition Indicators

Crop Yield

Crop Biophysical

Variables

Environ. Variables

Ag Practices / Cropping Systems

1 500 - 2000moptical +

TIRDaily Wall-to-Wall All X L

2 100-500moptical +

TIR2 to 5 per week

Cropland extent

All X X X L L L

3 5-50 km microwave DailyCropland

extentAll X

4 10-70moptical +

TIR

Monthly (min 3 in season + 2

out of season); Required every

1-3 years

Cropland extent (if #5 = sample, else skip)

All X L/M X

5 10-70moptical +

TIR

Weekly (8 days; min. 1 per 16 days)

Sample (pref.

Cropland extent)

All X X X X X X X

6 10-100m SARWeekly (8

days; min. 1 per 2 weeks)

Cropland extent of

persistantly cloudy and rice areas

All X X X X X X X

7 5-10m optical Monthly (min. 3

in season)Cropland

extentM/S M/S M/S

8 5-10m opticalWeekly ( 8

days; min. 5 per season)

Sample All M/S X X X X

9 5-10m SAR Monthly

Cropland extent of

persistantly cloudy and rice areas

M/S M/S M/S M/S

10 < 5m optical

3 per year (2 in season + 1 out

of season); Required every

3 years

Cropland extent of

small fieldsS S S

11 < 5m VISNIR1 to 2 per

month

Refined Sample (Demo)

All X X X

Field Size

Target Products

Coarse Resolution Sampling (>100m)

Moderate Resolution Sampling (10 to 100m)

Fine Resolution Sampling (5 to 10m)

Very Fine Resolution Sampling (<5m)

Spatial Resolution

Spectral Range

Effective observ.

frequency (cloud free)

Extent• Requirements established to

meet many target products

• Candidate missions identified

• Phase 1 is ongoing – foundation activities successful

Req# Proposed Primary Missions

Proposed Secondary Missions

Proposed Potential Missions

Spatial Resolution

Spectral Range

Sample TypeField Size

Effective observ. frequency

(cloud free)*

1Aqua/Terra (1000m)

NPP (750m)Sentinel-3A (500m)

SPOT-5 (1150m)Proba-V (1000m)

500 - 2000 mthermal IR +

opticalWall-to-Wall All Daily

2 Aqua/Terra (250/500m)NPP (375m)

Proba-V (350m) 100-500 mVISNIR +

SWIRCropland Extent All 2 to 5 per week

3GCOM-W1GCOM-W2

SMOSSMAP

5-50 km microwave Cropland Extent All Daily

4Landsat 7/8 (30m)

Sentinel-2A/2B (10m/20m)

RESOURCESAT-2 (56m)

UK-DMC-2Meteor-M N1

CBERS-310-70m

VISNIR + SWIR + TIR

Cropland Extent All

Monthly (min 2 out of season + 3 in season).

Required every 1-3 years.

5Landsat 7/8 (30m)

Sentinel-2A/2B (10m/20m)

RESOURCESAT-2 (56m)

UK-DMC-2Meteor-M N1

CBERS-310-70m

VISNIR + SWIR + TIR

Sample All Weekly (min. 1 per 16 days)

6 Sentinel-1A/1B (C)ALOS-2 (L)

TerraSAR-X (X)ALOS-2 (L)

Radarsat-2 (C)RISAT-1 (C)

TerraSAR-X (X)COSMO SkyMed

(X)TanDEM-X (X)RISAT-1A (C)

RCM (C)RISAT-3 (L)

10-100mSAR Dual

Polarization

Cropland Extent of persistant

cloudy areas/RiceAll Weekly (min. 1 per 2

weeks)

7 RapidEye SPOT-5Resourcesat-2

CBERS-3SPOT-6/7

5-10 mVISNIR +

SWIRCropland Extent M/S Monthly (min. 3 in

season)


CBERS-3SPOT-6/7

5-10 mVISNIR +

SWIRSample All Weekly (min. 5 per

season)


CBERS-3SPOT-6/7

5-10 mVISNIR +

SWIR

Cropland Extent of persistant

cloudy areas/RiceM/S Monthly

10 Pleiades

IKONOS-2GeoEye-1

WorldView-2SPOT-6/7

< 5 mVISNIR +

SWIRCropland extent of small fields

S

Mosaic 3 per year (2 in season 1 out of

season). Required every 3 years.

11 Pleiades

IKONOS-2GeoEye-1

WorldView-2SPOT-6/7

< 5 m VISNIR Refined SampleAll

(Demo)1 to 2 per month

Coarse Resolution Sampling (>100m)

Moderate Resolution Sampling (10 to 100m)

Fine Resolution Sampling (5 to 10m)

Very Fine Resolution Sampling (<5m)


Revisit Frequency Required (RFR) for: •Reasonably clear view every 8 days during Agric. Growing Season•Over all sizes of fields•Sample (prefer cropland extent [shown])

Best Case

Worst Case

21

Best Case

Worst Case

Source: Whitcraft et al. (UMD)

44-55% of cells have RFR <4 days

Most months or areas require 3-5 day revisit



22-31% of cells need only an 8-day revisit (RFR = 8)

RFR for Final Percentage Clear >= 70%

RFR for Completely Clear View


Next StepsStrengthening the CEOS-GEOGLAM

Relationship

• CEOS data coordination are crucial for GEOGLAM implementation! • Ad hoc Team is making good progress at forging two communities• So far:

o Requirements established o Candidate missions to meet requirements identified

• Next: o Formalize process of translating requirements into data requestso Data distribution system – e.g. NASA SDMS, ESRI, etc. o Track data - requests from GEOGLAM, coordination by CEOS, data use by GEOGLAM

• EO Data o HiRes or Very HiRes Optical data (Ikonos, Worldview, Quickbird, RapidEye..)o HiRes SAR data (CosmoSkymed, Radarsat, TerraSAR-X…)

geoglam update michel deshayes, geo inbal becker-reshef, alyssa whitcraft, umd geoglam working group...

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