geog 430 final project

8/13/2019 GEOG 430 Final Project

1/10

GEOG 430

Aimira Sharipova

11/8/13

DIAMONDS

EXTRACTION ANDTHE

CONSEQUENCES


2/10

Diamonds

ProductionGlobally

Figure 2: Diamond Shape PopularitySource: Jogia Diamonds Figure 3

Source: Kimberly process rough diamonds statistics

Figure 1: Advertisement of worldwide

diamond company
http://www.brilliantearth.com/news/the-worlds-diamond-mining-countries-in-one-handy-pie-chart/http://www.jogiadiamonds.com.au/blog/diamond-shape-popularity/


3/10

Blood Diamond

Blood Diamond or Conflict Diamond

Diamond that people come to have and sell in violent matters

These abuses include child labor, amputation, murder, and environmental overexploitation

58%28%

14%

Countries with the Highest Production of

Conflict Diamonds

Angola Sierra Leone Democratic Republic of Congo

Statistics Data

C/D production 4%

Peak % C/D production, 1990 15%

Annual value of C/D extracted form the Ivory Coast $ 23 Million

C/D production in Sierra Leone 15%

Total number of deaths attributed to C/D mining 3 Million

Average daily salary for a C/D worker $0.07

Number of countries-members of Kimberly Process 75

C/DConflict Diamond

Figure 4Source: World Bank

Table 1

Source: World Bank


4/10

United Nations Involvement

Initiated a campaign to stop the trade of conflict diamonds

Applied targeted sanctions against UNITA in Angola and the Sierra Leone rebels

Not very efficient in the effort to maintain international security and peace

Kimberley Process Certification Scheme

May 2000, Kimberley, South Africa

UNITANational Union for the Total

Independence of Angola
http://www.flickr.com/photos/27902437@N04/2623371049/sizes/m/in/photolist-4ZPsPk-51zSdV-51zSL2-55Et1L-5mLi5c-5Ko7SW-5MHg6e-5RsoZM-627GHT-63Gspw-652z62-6aeEzb-6aFg6T-6fQYqn-6mKREM-6mKS7a-6mKW8z-6mKX6g-6mKY2r-6mL1vt-6mQ3yU-6mQ42U-6mQ4C1-6mQ5qY-6mQ85y-6mQ9aS-6xyLtk-6zzRAt-6zzRBr-6zCsRz-6Be9Wv-6PS5ct-6ZP73j-72gasW-72mzM4-74YB2t-777Vxt-7hKe3x-7kEUWM-7nKrXv-7nKsfZ-7nKsUt-7nKuyz-7oeT2y-7ugixm-9A4iRr-apTudp-9mFSWx-9hU3gh-88J6tz-bZ63f1/


5/10

Kimberley Process (KP)

Established in 2003 to prevent conflict diamonds

Government certification procedure

Requires each nation to certify that all rough diamond exports are produced through legitimatemining and sales activity

Note: Failure to comply with these procedures may lead to the removal of member country

Participants in the Kimberley Process

Official applicants to the Kimberley

Process

Figure 5

Source: Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberly_Process_Map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberly_Process_Map.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberly_Process_Map.svg


6/10

Impact on the Environment

Diamond Mining

1750 tons of

Earth = 1.0 carat

rough diamond

20 tons of

mined waste = 1

gold ring

Largest Australian

diamond mine = area ofJapan

Soil erosion

Deforestation

Re-routed rivers and

Dams

Wildlife

Toxic water

Figure 6: Conflict Free Canadian Victor MineDiamond mine with some regulations

Source: The Greener Diamond

Figure 7: Area of JapanSource: vidiani.com
http://www.vidiani.com/?p=3709http://www.vidiani.com/?p=3709http://thegreenerdiamond.org/pages/about-conflict-diamonds/impact-on-the-environment.phphttp://www.vidiani.com/?p=3709


7/10

Human Rights Violations Murder

Rape

Children exploitation

Force labor

Involvement of Global Witness

The first organization to bring the worlds

attention to the existing problemOther NGOs

Forced governments and the diamond industry stop C/D

distribution from the international market

KP

Major flaws in the system of trading are not addressed

KP member governments show little interest in reform

December, 2011, Global

Witness announced its

departure from the KP


8/10

Human Rights Violations (Cont.)

Figure 8: Sierra Leone amputee

Source: forcechange.com

Figure 9: A soldier from the Revolutionary United Front

patrols the streets of Freetown, Sierra Leone, 1997

Source: The Telegraph

Figure 10: Child-soldier

representing rebel movementSource: Les Stone photography

Figure 11: Workers hand-process stream gravel of a placer

deposit in search of diamonds

Source: How the African diamond trade works?
http://forcechange.com/9997/boycott-the-trade-of-blood-diamonds/http://forcechange.com/9997/boycott-the-trade-of-blood-diamonds/http://forcechange.com/9997/boycott-the-trade-of-blood-diamonds/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/7928039/What-are-blood-diamonds.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/7928039/What-are-blood-diamonds.htmlhttp://www.lesstone.com/Blood_Diamonds_0105.htmlhttp://www.lesstone.com/Blood_Diamonds_0105.htmlhttp://money.howstuffworks.com/african-diamond-trade2.htmhttp://www.lesstone.com/Blood_Diamonds_0105.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/7928039/What-are-blood-diamonds.htmlhttp://forcechange.com/9997/boycott-the-trade-of-blood-diamonds/


9/10

What To Do?

Raise AWARENESS!

The movie Blood Diamond, 2006

Sign petitions to prevent distribution of C/D and

decrease the demand @forcechange.com

Introduce energy efficient and renewable energy programs

Use battery-powered vehicles that do not emit

harmful gases such as CORecycle and re-use waste material

Waste materials may be separated into categories

Perform water treatment

Consider recycling and recovery programs to prevent

toxic poisoning of water sources

Conserve flora by replanting seeds

It keeps the native species around the site healthy

and unaffected by the mining process

Support wildlife conservation projects

Rio Tinto, Peace Parks Foundation

Figure 12: The movie Blood Diamond

Source: Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blooddiamondposter.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blooddiamondposter.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blooddiamondposter.jpg


10/10

Sources
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