geode tics
TRANSCRIPT
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What is Geodetics?Geodesy,also namedgeodetics, a branch ofEarth Sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of theEarth.
Geodesists also studygeodynamical phenomenacrustalmotionTides
polar motion
Geodesy (fromGreek
o
, l t. "
v
on of th
E rth")
pr m r ly conc
n n
th n th
t
mpor llyv ry n
r v ty f
l
Thr
D v on of G
o
yPhy c l G
o
yTh
Stu
y of th
E rth Gr v ty F
l
Thr
D v on of G
o
yH
h
r G
o
yconc
rn
th m
ur n
th
E rth on th
lob l c l
Pr ct c l or En
n
r n
G
o
y
conc
rn
th m
ur
n
p
c
f
c p
rt
or r
on
of th
E
rth,
n
h
ch
nclu
urv
y n
.H
tory of G
o
yHum n ty h l
y b
n nt
r
t
n th
E rth.Dur n
v
ry
rly t m
th nt
r
t
l m t
, n tur lly, to th
mm
t
v c n ty of hom
n
r
ncy, n
th
f ct th t
l v
on n
r ph
r c l
lob
m y or m y not h v
b
n pp r
nt.
H tory of G
o
yA hum n ty
v
lop
, o
t nt
r
t n un
r t n
n
n
m pp n
th
z
, h p
, n
compo t on of th
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th
H
ll
n c Worl
E rly
of th
f
ur
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th
h
v
n phy c l
om
p nn n
ov
r t
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ll
n c
orl
Dur n
th
E rly Gr
k t
o p
cul t on r
Fl t
c
voc t
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or It
upport
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ft
r 100 yr An x m
n
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nt t, b
l
v
tron
ly th t th
rth
r
ct n
ul r n h p
.H
ll
n c Worl
In E
ypt, Er to th
n
,
r
k c
nt t n
ph lo oph
r,
xpl c tly m
ur
th
c rcumf
r
nc
of th
rth n
obt n
r
ult of 40,008 km
Po
on
u
l
o m
ur
th
z
of th
E
rth u
n
th
St
r C
nopu
Anc
nt In
Th
In
n m th
m t c nAry bh t (AD 476 - 550)
p on
r ofm th
m t c l tronomy
bl
to
cr b
th
rth
b
n
ph
r c l n
th t t rot t
on t x
E t m t
th
z
of th
rth ccur t
to 1%Expl n
ho
lun r n
ol r
cl p
h pp
n n
l o ho
th
moon h n
by r
fl
ct n
unl
htEurop
J
n P c r
p
rform
th
f r t mo
rn m
r
n rc m
ur
m
nt n 1699-1670 n
J cqu
C n l t
r cont nu
th
ork of J
n P c r
n
foun
out th t th
E rth
not ph
r
but r th
r n
ll p o
n h p
.
Th
19th C
nturyC
ntr l Bur
u for Int
rn t on l G
o
y
t bl h
byAu tr -Hun
ry n
G
rm n
-
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y. On
of t mo t mport nt
o l
th
r v t on of n nt
rn t on l
ll p o
n
r v ty formul
h ch houl
b
opt m l not only forEurop
but l o for th
hol
orl
.
I u
n
Controv
r
on th
put
l n
D
f n t on r
f rock, n
b r, or oth
r f
tur
ly n
b
n
th th
urf c
of th
t
r ( xf thom or l
t lo
t
r)R
f r
r
ult fromAb ot c Proc
po t onof n
,
v
ro onpl nn n
o
n rock outcrop , n
oth
r n tur l proc
R
f
R
f
I l
t A v
ry m ll l n
AtollAn toll cor l l n
(or l n
) th t
nc rcl
l
oonp rt lly or compl
t
ly.Top f v
l r
t Atoll n th
Worl
S y
M lh B nk, W
t
rnIn
n Oc
n(35000km) , ubm
r
, l
t
pth 7 m,L n
o
n
B nk, W
t ofN
C l
on (21000km), ubm
r
, l
t
pth 3.7 mGr
t Ch
o B nk(12642km, l n
r
only 4.5km)
AtollR
B nk,Spr tly I l n
(8866km), ubm
r
, l
t
pth 9 mM ccl
f
l
B nk,South Ch n S
(6448km), ubm
r
, l
t
pth 9.2 mNorth B nk (R tch
B nk, north ofS y
M lh B nk)(5800km), ubm
r
, l
t
pth
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M l y : P rt of th
t t
ofS b h;Ph l pp n
: P rt ofP l
nprov nc
;R
publ c of Ch n (T
n): P rt ofK oh un
mun c p l ty;V
tn m: P rt ofKhnh H Prov nc
.
Ecolo
yCor l r
f r
th
pr
om n nt tructur
of th
l n
; th
Spr tly
roup cont n ov
r 600 cor l r
f n tot l.L ttl
v
t t on
ro
on th
l n
,
h ch r
ubj
ct to nt
n
mon oon .L r
r l n
r
c p bl
of upport n
trop c l for
t, crub for
t,co t l cru
b n
r
.Ecolo
yItu Ab I l n
r
port
ly cov
r
th hrub ,coconut, n
m n
rov
n 1938;p n
ppl
l o cult v t
h
r
h
n t
prof t bl
Oth
r ccount m
nt onp p y ,b n n ,p lm, n
v
n
h t
p
ch tr
ro
n
on on
l n
Ecolo
yTh
l n
th t
o h v
v
t t on prov
mport nt h b t t for m ny
b r
n
turtl
Gr
n S
Turtl
H
k b ll S
Turtl
Ecolo
yS
b r
u
th
l n
for r
t n
, br
n
, n
nt
r n
t
Sp
c
foun
h
r
nclu
Str
k
Sh
r
t
rBro
n BoobyR
-Foot
BoobyGr
t Cr
t
T
rnWh t
T
rnS
b r
Ecolo
c l H z r
Pol t c l n t b l ty, tour m n
th
ncr
n
n
u tr l z t on of n
hbor n
countr
h
l
to
r ou
rupt on of n t v
flor n
f un ,ov
r-
xplo t t onof n tur l r
ourc
, n
nv ronm
nt l pollut on.Ecolo
c l H z r
D
rupt on of n
t n
r
by hum n ct v ty or by ntro
uc
n m l , uch
o
, h
r
uc
th
numb
r of turtl
n
t n
on th
l n
S
turtl
r
l o l u
ht
r
for foo
on
n f c nt c l
St ll th
Ch n
Gov
rnm
nt
v
prot
ct on for th turtl
Ecolo
c l H z r
H
vy comm
rc l f
h n
n th
r
on ncur oth
r probl
m F h
rm
n u
Pot um Cy n
olut on for f h po on n
M l t ry
roup n th
Spr tly h v
n
n
nv ronm
nt lly
m
n
ct v t
uch hoot n
turtl
n
b r
, r
n
n
t , n
f h n
th
xplo v
Ecolo
c l H z r
Th
coll
ct on of r r
m
c n l pl nt , coll
ct n
of
oo
n
hunt n
for th
l
l f
tr
r
common thr
t to th
b o
v
r ty of th
nt r
r
on, nclu
n
th
l n
.Cor l h b t t r
thr
t
n
by pollut on, ov
r-
xplo t t on of f h n
nv
rt
br t
H toryE rly C rto
r phyTh
f r t po
bl
hum n nt
r ct on
th th
Spr tly I l n
t
b ck b
t
n
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600 BCE to 3 BCETh b
on th
th
or
t c l m
r t on p tt
rn of th
p
opl
ofN nyu
( outh
rnCh n n
north
rn V
tn m) n
Ol
Ch mp k n
om
ho m y h v
m
r t
from Born
o,
h ch m y h v
l
th
m throu
h th
Spr tly I l n
.H toryAnc
nt Ch n
m p r
cor
th
"Thou n
L Str
tch of S n
";Q nl Ch n
h ()T
n-Thou n
L of Ston
Pool ";W nl Sh t n
(),[6] h ch Ch n to
y cl m r
f
Spr tly I l n
H toryTh
W nl Sh t n
(Spr tly I l n
) h v
b
n
xplor
by th
Ch n
nc
th
Yu n Dyn ty n
m y h v
b
n con
r
by th
m to h v
b
n
th n th
r n t on lboun
r
.Th
y r
l o r
f
r
nc
n th
13th c
ntury,follo
by th
M n
Dyn ty. Wh
n th
M n
Dyn ty coll p
, th
Q n
Dyn tycont nu
to nclu
th
t
rr tory n m p comp l
n 1724, 1755, 1767,1810, n
1817
H toryA V
tn m
m p from 1834 l o nclu
th
Spr tly I l n
clump
n
th th
P r c
l ( common occurr
nc
on m p of th t t m
) l b
l
"W nl Ch n
h
Accor
n
to H
no
, P
r
c
l
n
Spr
tly
p
rt of V
tn
m
n
n th
ol
V
tn m
m p
H toryV
tn m
ov
rnm
nt con
uct
o
r ph c l urv
y of th
l n
n th
18th c
nturyTh
l n
r
por
c lly v
t
throu
hout th
n n
t
nth n
rly t
nt
th c
ntur
by m r n
r from
ff
r
nt Europ
n po
r ( nclu
n
R ch r
Spr tly, ft
r
hom th
l n
roup
r v
t mo t r
co
n z bl
En
l hn m
)
T
rr tor l Boun
ryD
f n t on of t
rm :1B
l n
2Int
rn l
t
r 3T
rr tor l
4Cont
uou zon
5Exclu v
conom c zon
6Cont n
nt l h
lf
B
l n
Th
b
l n
from
h ch th
t
rr tor l
m
ur
th
lo
-
t
r l n
lon
th
co t
m rk
on l r
- c l
ch rt off c lly r
co
n z
by th
co t
l t t
n
t
th n 12 n ut c l m l
(22km; 14m ) of p
rm n
ntly
xpo
l n
Int
rn l W t
rW t
r l n
r
of th
b
l n
r
f n
nt
rn l
t
r , ov
r
h ch th
t t
h compl
t
jur
ct on: not
v
n nnoc
nt p
llo
. L k
n
r v
r r
con
r
nt
rn l
t
r , r
ll " rch p
l
c
t
r "
th n th
out
rmo t l n
of n rch p
l
c t t
uch In
on
,J p nor th
Ph l pp n
.T
rr tor l S
A t t
t
rr tor l
xt
n
up to 12 n ut c l m l
from t b
l n
.If th
oul
ov
rl p
th noth
r t t
t
rr tor l
, th
bor
r
t k
n
th
m
n po nt b
t
n th
t t
b
l n
, unl
th
t t
n qu
t on
r
oth
r
. A t t
c n l o choo
to cl m m ll
r t
rr tor l
.
Cont
uou Zon
Th
cont
uou zon
b n
of
t
r
xt
n
n
from th
out
r
of th
t
rr tor l
to up to 24 n ut c l m l
(44km; 28m ) from th
b
l n
,
th n
h ch t t
c n
x
rt l m t
control for th
purpo
of pr
v
nt n
or pun h n
" nfr n
m
nt of t cu tom , f c l, mm
r t on or n t ry l
n
r
ul t on
-
8/3/2019 Geode Tics
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th n t t
rr tory or t
rr tor l
".
Exclu v
Econom c Zon
An
xclu v
conom c zon
xt
n
from th
out
r l m t of th
t
rr tor l
to m x mum of 200 n ut c l m l
(370.4km) from th
t
rr tor l
b
l n
, thu t nclu
th
cont
uou zon
.A co t l n t on h control of ll
conom c r
ourc
th n t
xclu v
con
om c zon
I u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Arroyo A
m n tr t on
In l t
2004 Arroyo uthor z
th
Ph l pp n
N t on l O l Co. Form
r C
EO
n
Pr
nt to
n
th th
Jo
nt M
r
n
S
m
c Un
rt
k
n
, tr
p
rt
t
r
m
nt pol cy b
t
n Ch n N t on l Off hor
O l Corpor t on, V
tn m O l n
G
Corpor t on n
Ph l pp n
N t on l O l Comp nyto
xplor
c
rt n r
n th
South Ch n S
I u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Th
t
o countr
h v
r
to con
uct thr
-y
r o l
xplor t on r
rch roun
th
t
r n th
Spr tly n
p r t
r
m
nt on f h
ry coop
r t onto pr
v
nt po ch n
nc
nt mon
Ch n
n
F l p no f h
rm
n n th
r
.I u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Mr . Arroyo n
Ch n
Pr
nt Hu J nt o
tn
th
n n
of t
o of th
f v
m
mor n
um of Un
r t n
n
(MOU) t th
n
of th
r on
hour clo
-
oor b l t
r l m
t n
t th
Gr
t H ll of th
P
opl
I u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Th
f r t MOU
on th
Jo nt M r n
S
m c Un
rt k n
b
t
n th
t t
-o
n
Ph l pp n
N t on l O l Comp ny (PNOC)
n
by t n
pr
nt E
u r
o M l c
th Fu Ch n
You, pr
nt of th
Ch n N t on l Off hor
O l Comp ny.Th
MOU
ll focu on th
pr
xplor t on tu
y on th
Spr tly .I
u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Th
o l
xplor t on
r
m
nt c n b
n "
plom t c br
kthrou
h" from th
po nt of v
of th
Ph l pp n
n
Ch n
ov
rnm
nt.Th
MOU
t
rm n
th
pr
nc
of o l n
r
rv
n th
put
r
.I
u
b
t
n Ch n n
Ph l pp n
Th
r
m
nt b
t
n th
t
o o l comp n
by no m
n mply th t
r
v n
ny r
ht or cl m to South Ch n S
. It
m
r
ly n un
rt k n
to tu
y, r
rch n
f n
out p
trol
um pot
nt l r
n South Ch n S
.
I u
on R
B nkIN
rly M rch th
y
r, th
Ph l pp n
h
to u p
n
m c urv
y ct v t
t th
R
B nk ft
r on
of t urv
y v
l
thr
t
n
by t
o Ch n
p trol h p .Ch n h furth
r r
p
t
t cl m ov
r th
Spr tly n
rn
oth
r n t on
n t urv
y n
ct v t
n
h t t con
r to b
m r t m
zon
un
r t jur
ct on.I
u
on R
B nkTh
olut on for th
Ph l pp n
to
rt th t th
R
B nk not p rt ofth
Spr tly
xclu v
conom c zon
(EEZ) or cont n
nt l h
lf.Th
rt on m
n th t th
R
B nk
not ubj
ct
to th
Spr tly
put
n
th
r
for
b
lon
to th
Ph l pp n
by v rtu
of th
EEZ
n
r t
by th
n t on b
l n
.
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8/3/2019 Geode Tics
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I u
on R
B nkFrom th
l
l po nt of v
, th
r
tron
b for th
rt on.Th R
B nk ubm
r
r
, o th
u
bout m r t m
l m t t on n t
of l n
o
n
r h p.
I u
on R
B nkTh r
l
ll b
yon
th
12-n ut c l-m l
t
rr tor l
of th
n
r
t S
pr tly f
tur
th t r
bov
h
h t
n
tr
l
th
qu
t nc
l n
b
t
n th
f
tur
n
th
Ph l pp n
un
put
t
rr tor
.
I u
on R
B nkTh m
n th t th
R
B nk not p rt of th
EEZ or cont n
nt l h
lf th t b
lon
to th
Spr tly ,
h ch, n turn, m
n th t,
p t
th
put
ov
r th
Spr tly , non
of th
Spr tly cl m nt c n l
t m t
ly ch ll
n
th
Ph l pp n
r
ht th
r
.I u
on R
B nkIn p rt cul r, Ch n m r t m
cl m,
h ch n
c t
by th
o-c ll
U- h p
l n
n
compl
t
ly cov
r th
R
B nk, b olut
ly un cc
pt bl
b
c u
t
xt
n
b
yon
th
qu
t nc
l n
.
I u
on R
B nkFrom
opol t c l po nt of v
, th
Ph l pp n
h
oo
ch nc
of
nn n
upport for th
rt on.In conclu on, th
pr nc pl
th t th
Spr tly h v
m r t m
zon
th t
o not
xt
n
much b
yon
12 n ut c l m l
,I
u
on R
B nk n
th t th
R
B nk not p rt of th
zon
,
oul
b
n
f t th
Ph l pp n
v v Ch n m r t m
cl m ,
thout pr
ju
c
to th
qu
t on of ov
r
ntyov
r th
l n
th
m
lv
.