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Geothermal Heat Pumps

A Proven Renewable Energy Technology

While Earth travels through Space…

…it Absorbs Energy from the Sun

This natural Energy Collection and Storage System captures nearly 50% of the Solar Energy falling on

our Planet…

…thus maintaining a nearly constant temperature just below the surface year-round

US Deep Ground Temperatures

… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective

space-conditioning system”(according to U.S. EPA 1993)

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems capture the Solar Energy stored in the Earth

using proven technology…

Geothermal Heat PumpBasic Principles

The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter…

Outdoor air design temperature:0°F in winter

72°F

55°F

Insulating layer of earth

A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the earth during winter and transfers it into the building

…and an Efficient Place to Reject Heat in Summer…

Outdoor air design temperature:100°F in summer

74°F

55°F

Insulating layer of earth

A geothermal heat pump cools the building in summer by rejecting heat into the earth

A geothermal heat pump is connected to a sealed water piping loop buried in the earth near the building

When water exiting the heat pump is pumped through the ground loop, it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the earth surrounding it

Insulating layer of earth

…using Heat Pump Technology

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency

1 unit of energy from the grid

Plus:3-5 units of energy

from the earth

Yields:4-6 units of energy

for the building

400-600% Efficient

Geothermal Heat Pumps Exchange Heat between Air and Water

Air In70 F

Air Out100 F

WaterOut40 F

WaterIn

45 F

Compressor

Fan

WaterCoil

Air Coil

Revers ingValve

Expans ionValve

Pump

$1 Worth of Electricity to Operate the Compressor and Fan

Moves $4 Worth of Heat from the Water

Delivering $5 Worth of Heat into the Air

Heating Mode Shown

Heat can be “pumped uphill”meaning delivered at a highertemperature than the source

$4$4

$1$1

$5$5

Geothermal Heat PumpsHeat or Cool on Demand and also

Produce Hot Water

Air In80 F

Air Out58 F

WaterOut85 F

WaterIn

75 F

Compressor

Fan

WaterCoil

Air Coil

Revers ingValve

Expans ionValve

HWIn

90 F

HWOut

120 F

Operates on the Same Principle as a Refrigerator

Cooling Mode Shown

160F

Hot water is produced whenever the unit is operating

Heat Pumps Are All Around Us…Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside

Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen

HEAT

BB

B

HEAT

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Self-containedheating, cooling and hot water

Residential Site EnergyConventional System

Over 70% of the energy consumed by a typical home is used for heating, cooling, and water heating

Residential Site EnergyGeothermal Heat Pump System

Total site energy consumption is cut in half

Geothermal Heat Pumpsare the Most Efficient way to convert Green Energy

into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating

Making the most effective use of this precious resource

Geothermal Systems can be Classified as:

SolarGeothermalRenewableAlternative

Demand-SideConservation

Energy-EfficiencyZero-Ozone Depleting

Environmentally Responsible

Geothermal Heat PumpInstallation Methods

Vertical Closed-LoopA pair of pipes with a special U-bend assembly at the bottom is placed into bore holes from 100 to 400 feet deep

Horizontal Closed-Loop A piping array is installed in trenches cut 3 to 5 feet deep and hundreds of feet in length

Surface Water Closed-LoopA piping array is submerged in a pond or lake at least 8 feet deep

Ground WaterOpen-LoopWell water from an underground aquifer is pumped through the geothermal heat pump and then returned to the aquifer or discharged to the surface

Vertical Closed-Loop Installation

DrillingPipe LoopInsertion

Heat Fusing

InsideConnection

Geothermal Heat PumpsAre a Scalable Technology

Geothermal Heat Pumps

1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home

Are widely used in Homes and Commercial Properties

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Currently Used in Commercial Buildings

The Government Perspective

Why Geothermal?

•Energy Security

•Electric Grid Restructuring

•Clean Air & Water

•Climate Change

•Economic Competitiveness

Industry377 MMTC

(25%)

Transportation482 MMTC

(32%)

Buildings658 MMTC(43%)

43% of U.S. Carbon Emissions 39% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption

71% of U.S. Electricity

Global Pressures

53% of U.S. Natural Gas

1970-2020 (Exxon Mobile Projection)

Importance of Buildings Sector

The Electric Utility Perspective

Garrett Office Building StudyEdmond, Oklahoma

Conventional Variable Air Volume (VAV) Building15,000 Sq. Ft.

Geothermal Building20,000 Sq. Ft.

Garrett Office BuildingsAnnual Energy and HVAC Maintenance Costs 2006-2007

55% Operational Cost Savings55% Operational Cost Savings

Garrett Office BuildingsAnnual Energy Use 2006-2007

47% Site Energy Savings47% Site Energy Savings

Garrett Office BuildingsAnnual CO2 Emissions 2006-2007

28% Carbon Emissions Reduction28% Carbon Emissions Reduction

LEED Buildings:Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

The LEED green building rating systemis the national benchmark for high performance green buildings from theU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)

Geothermal systems can provide many of the required points to achieve LEED certification

The payback on Geothermal Systemsis many times faster

than solar PV

Geothermal Heat Pumpsare one of the Most Effective

and Deployable…

… producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies

(EPA, 1993)

Our Planet Is Under AssaultFrom Many Forces

Our Planet is under Assault

from many Forces

There Are Many Solutions

There are Many Solutions

Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump

is Equivalent to Planting an Acre of Trees

Since their introduction in the 1980’s, nearly 1 million

Geothermal Heat Pumps have been installed in the United States

This is the equivalent to planting 1 million acres of trees,

and of taking Two Millioncars off the road

Geothermal Heat Pump Market Perspective

Geothermal Heat PumpCurrent Incentives

• 12 States have Existing Incentives– Many are very new– Sales tax, property tax, income tax, grants and rebates

• 46 States have other types of Incentives– Legislative, regulatory, or utility

• Federal Incentives– Business and consumer tax credit bills introduced

• 30% of total system homeowner credit - $2000 cap• 10% of total system business credit – no cap• HR 2990 has over 30 cosponsors at present• S. 2314 has 4 cosponsors at present

– Various initiatives that support GHPs in new energy bill

QUESTIONS?