geo l34 world_geo_north_america
TRANSCRIPT
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Asia
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
World Geography
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USA Canada
North America
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North America
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USA: physical
Columbia-Snake plt
Colorado plt
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Alaska Hawaii
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Mountains of USA
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•Appalachian mountains – old fold mountains (Paleozoic)•Source of coal - Both Bituminous and Anthracite• Iron ore, granite and forest resource
Appalachian Mountains
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Western Cordillera of USA
Columbia-Snake plateau
Great Basin
Colorado plateau
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Western USA
O-C collision O-C transverse boundary Hot Spot vol.
Western mountains in USA
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•Oceanic plate Farallon subducted under North American plate – 65 ml years ago•Extensive volcanism and rising of Rockies •Colorado plateau•Basin- range topography due to faults
O-C collision of ancient time
Farallon plate
North American Plate
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•15 ml years ago – Farallon oceanic plate almost subducted under North American plate•Pacific and N.American plate came into contact•Farallon plate was moving eastward
Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary
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•Now Pacific plate was moving north-west•North American plate moves south – south west direction•Result – San Andreas fault
Pacific- N.American transverse Boundary
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•Remnant of Farallon plate- Juan de Fuca plate continued eastward movement•Divergence between Juan-de-Fuca plate and Pacific plate• Juan De Fuca plate subsiding below North American plate
O-C plate collision in recent time
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•Subduction of oceanic plate => Volcanism•Rising of volcanic fold mt. –cascade range•Rising of Sierra Nevada in last 5 ml (orogeny started around 120-80 ml years ago)
O-C plate collision in recent time
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• Lava flow – between 17-6 ml years ago•Hot spot beneath the Columbia plateau - North American plate moves south-west•Columbia-snake plateau•Basaltic lava plateau (like Deccan lava plt.)• Yellow stone national park – geysers
Hot Spot Volcanism in USA
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•Sierra Nevada –Gold•Fold mountains – volcanism- still uplifting - EQ•Cascade range – part of Pacific ring of fire – volcanic rocks – rich in potassium – potential geothermal power
Western mountains: resources
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• Rockies: young fold mountains (85 to 55 ml years ago)•Copper, Gold, Lead, silver, Zinc, Tungsten
Western mountains
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Rivers of USA
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•Origin: in Canada •Columbia- one of the largest source of HEP•Grand coulee dam•Snake –largest tri. Of Columbia• Imp cities: Portland, Salem located on it
Western rivers: Columbia-snake river
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•cutting the Colorado Plateau – Grand canyon•Sonoran desert, Panted desert•Hoover dam – Lake mead•Las Vegas located near lake Mead
Western rivers: Colorado
Panted desert
Sonoran
desert
Hoover dam Grand Canyon
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•Most imp river system of USA• Imp cities: St. Pittsburg, Memphis, St. Louis• Irrigation – Prairie region•Petroleum at mouth
Central rivers: Mississippi- Missouri
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•New York state•Partially navigable important for transportation•Flows between New York city and New Jersey city
Eastern rivers: Hudson
New York State
New York
StateLong Island
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New York- New Jersey (Hudson river)
NJ
NYHu
dson
rive
r
Long Island
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Great Lakes of USA
Niagara FallWelland Canal
St. Mary’s river
St. Claire lakeSt. Claire river
Detroit river
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•Glacial lakes•Largest fresh water system•Together – they hold 1/5th of the earth surface’s fresh water•Source of drinking water, irrigation, transport, sulfide and iron mining in periphery
Importance of great lakes region
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Deserts of USA
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Political map of USA
USA has 50
states, 9 time zones
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Climatic regions of USA
Gulf Type
Laurentian Type
Prairie
Highland
British Type
Mediterranean
Hot Deserts
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•South Western state of California•Citrus fruit cultivation – famous Sunkist oranges•Viticulture, wine making
USA: Mediterranean climate
San Francisco
Los Angeles
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•North western states of Oregon and Washington•Rainfall from westerlies•Softwood trees with pure strands•Famous for lumbering industries
USA: British Climate
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•Central states of USA + 3 states of Canada•Temperate grasslands•Flat rolling plains•Nutritious natural grass•Known for wheat cultivation and animal rearing
USA: Prairies
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•South East states: from Florida to North Carolina and Arkansas – Louisiana•Warm due to warm ocean current – gulf stream•Rainfall through out the year•Thunderstorm
USA: Gulf type
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•North east states•Great Lake region and New England states•Rainfall throughout the year – warming effect of Gulf stream•Most Industrialized region of USA
USA: Laurentian type
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Agricultural belts in USA
WheatCorn
Cotton
Soya bean
Tobacco
TobaccoTobacco
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•Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Missouri• Intensive crop and livestock farming•Most of the corn is used to raise or fattening livestock- hogs (pigs) and poultry• cattle rearing for meat and dairy products
Corn belt
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• Intensive animal farming = factory farming•Milwaukee city meat processing•Chicago – meat packing•Wisconsin state - dairy
Animal Rearing in USA
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•Cotton plantation system•Hybrid cotton variety with mechanized farming•Cotton exported•Textile industries – labour intensive – US import from Bangladesh, Pakistan and India
Cotton belt
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•South – winter wheat (hard), north – spring wheat (soft)•Truck farming belt•Very high productivity per person•Highly subsidized farming
Wheat and Rice belt (Prairie)
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Coal Reserve in USA
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Montana
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
North Dakota
Illinois
Texas
Wyoming
Wyoming and
Appalachian main coal producing
regions
Pennsylvania – only
Anthracite producing
region
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Iron reserve of USA
Mesabi range
Major iron mining Zone –
Minnesota and
MichiganImport from
Canada
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Copper reserve of USA
Major Copper mining Zone –
Arizona, Utah
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Uranium reserve of USA
Major Uranium mining – Wyoming
Import from
Canada and
Australia
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Petroleum reserve of USA
Largest producer of
oil and gas in 2014
West Texas IntermediateBenchmark
Bayan Mound
Big HillWest Hackberry
Bayou Choctow
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Shale gas
Wyoming
ColoradoUtah
MichiganPennsylvania
West Virginia
Texas
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US takeover Russia as largest oil and gas producer and Saudi from largest oil producer
Reduction in energy import by USBoost to US manufacturing sectorDecrease in US imports + Slow down in China = fall in crude prices
India’s energy consumption increasing – low import bills – boost to out manufacturing
US petroleum production: effect to India
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Gulf of Mexico Alaska
Gold
Zinc
Copper
Silver
Red dog mine
Sulphur
Petroleum and Natural gas
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USA: Industrial regions
NW
SW
SE
NEGrt lakes
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•Seattle – aluminum smelting, aircraft manufacturing•Oregon state lumbering: Eugene•Salem – food processing hub
North-west Region
Seattle
Salem
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•San Francisco: financial services (Wall street of the west)•San Diego: submarine and shipbuilding •Los Angeles: entertainment, aerospace, port
California
San Francisco
Los Angeles
San Diego
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•Atlanta-automobile, transport & logistics hub, (HQ of Coca cola)•New Orleans- port, petro-refineries
South and South East region
New Orleans
Atlanta
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•Dallas – electronics, defence aircraft manufacturing•Baton Rouge – Petroleum reserve•Houston- petro-chemicals (synthetic rubber, fertilizers), equipment for oil field
South and South East region
Dallas
Houston
Baton Rouge
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•5% of US area, 25% population•Boston to NY – megalopolis•HEP from fault line across edges of Appalachian•Narrow land = No agriculture
North Eastern states
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•Boston: biotech, education•NY-NJ: largest city, economy, port•Philadelphia: education, oil refining, Food processing•Baltimore: steel industries, ship building
North Eastern states
Boston
NY-NJPhiladelphiaBaltimore
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•Duluth – steel (Mesabi)•Milwaukee- dairying, meat processing•Chicago –FPI•Detroit – automobile (GM)• Toledo - automobile•Cleveland – textile, steel•Buffalo – chemical industries
Great lakes region
Milwaukee
Chicago
DetroitCleveland
Buffalo
Toledo
Hamilton
Toronto
Kingston
Montreal
Quebec
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•Hamilton•Toronto •Kingston•Montreal•Quebec
Great lakes region
Milwaukee
Chicago
DetroitCleveland
Buffalo
Toledo
Hamilton
Toronto
Kingston
Montreal
Quebec
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USA Canada
North America
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Canada
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Physical geo of Canada: Mt.
Canadian shield
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Laurentian Plateau
Labrador PlateauNew Foundland
Baffin island
Hudson Bay
James Bay
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•Most stable region•Source of gold, silver, cobalt, zinc, copper and iron ore•Coniferous forest + swift flowing streams -HEP•Support paper and pulp industry
Canadian Shield
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•Heavily forested, lakes and swift flowing streams•Large scale lumbering, paper and pulp industry
Laurentian plateau
Laurentian Plateau
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Physical geo of Canada: Rivers
Mackenzie
ChurchillNelson
St. La
wrence
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Physical geo of Canada: lakes
Lake Slave
Great Bear lake
Lake Winnipeg
Lake Winnipegosis
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Climatic regions of Canada
Tundra
TaigaMountainous
Prairie Laurentian type
British type
Taiga
Tundra
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Agriculture in Canada
Horticulture dairy Wheat, oilseeds
and cattle Grain, oilseeds dairy
Dairy, hogs
Horticulture dairy
Horticulture dairy
Green house cultivation
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•British Columbia state (Vancouver) – largest producer of coniferous trees •Ontario, Quebec states – hardwood deciduous trees•Produce – wood chips, veneer, plywood, wood pallets etc.
Lumbering in Canada
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•Principle species –•softwood: Spruce, pine, hemlock, Cedar, Douglas fir•Hardwood: aspen and poplar
Lumbering in Canada
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Types of wood Measuring of age
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Uranium Reserve of Canada
McClean lakeMcArthur riverCigar lake
Saskatchewan state
World’s 22% of known
Uranium reserve
Agnew lake
Bancroft
Rabbit lake
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Nickel in Canada
Voisey Bay
One of the
largest Nickel
producer
Sadbury
Birch treeBucko lake
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Shale Gas in Canada
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Manitoba
British Columbia
QuebecNew Brunswick Nova
Scotia
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•Hamilton – steel industry•Toronto – financial capital of Canada •Kingston - education•Montreal – aerospace and electronics (Bombardier HQ)•Quebec – port, paper and wood industry
Great lakes region of Canada
Milwaukee
Chicago
DetroitCleveland
Buffalo
Toledo
Hamilton
Toronto
Kingston
Montreal
Quebec
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Industrial centers of Canada
Calgary
ReginaVancouver
Edmonton
Winnipeg
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Cities ImportanceVancouver Canada’s largest port, lumbering and
wood industriesCalgary Oil and gas industryEdmonton Oil and gas reserve, petro-chemical
industriesRegina Oil and gas reserve, mines of potash,
KaolinWinnipeg Aerospace industries
Industrial centers of Canada
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