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SE Asia

Physical Geography of Myanmar

Shan Plateau

Patkai bum

Chin Hills

Arakan Yoma

Pegu Yoma

Kum

on ra

nge

Tria

ngle

rang

e

Bilauktang Range

Irrawaddy river

Chin

dwin

rive

r

Salween river

Gulf of Martaban

North – KachinEast – ShanWest – ChinSouth- KarensSE– RakhineCE – KayahCentral – Bamar

Ethnic diversity in Myanmar

Kachin

Chin

Karens

ShanRakhine

Kayah

Bamar

British – Myanmar, MalaysiaFrance – Vietnam, Laos, CambodiaThailand never colonized

Thailand

Physical geography of Thailand

Korat Plateau

Daw

ana range

Isthm

us o

f Kra

Chao Phraya river

Mekong riveer

Shan Plateau

Rain shadow regionMilletTin, Tungsten, lead and sulphur reserve

Shifting cultivationRubber plantationNickel, lead, zinc reserve

Korat Plateau

•Philippines – 7500 islands•Manila located on largest island – Luzon•Manila- HQ of Asia Development Bank and IRRI

Philippines

Physical Geography of Indonesia

Kalimattan

Indonesian archipelago- largest in world (>13500 islands)

4th most populous country in worldJava – most populated island in world2/3th area under forestForest are cleared for rubber and oil palm plantation

Coffee is grown on volcanic mountains, west Java

Indonesia

•Western peninsula more populated than eastern plain•Most cities are on western side•Tin reserve, oil and gas reserve, Rubber plantation and fishing

Physical Geography of Malaysia

•City-state•Highest population density in the world•Port of call•Located on important SoC- strait of Malacca•highly educated labour force to attract MNCs

Singapore

Johare Strait

Strait of Malcca

Tropic of Cancer passes through only Myanmar in SE Asia

Only Indonesia has land south of equator in SE Asia

Indonesia predominately in southern hemisphere

Equator passes through Sumatra and Borneo (x Java)

SE Asia

Facts

Salween

Irrawaddy

Mekong

Chao Phraya

Red river

Rivers of SE Asia

•Origin – Tibet north of Lhasa•Largest river of Myanmar•Drains into gulf of Mottama (Martaban)

Salween River

•Originate within Myanmar •2 head ward stream Mali and Nmai•Tri. Chindwin (Patkai Bum, Manipur)

Irrawaddy River

•Rice bowl of Myanmar•Mandalay located on it•Teak trees•Mouth of Irrawaddy: petroleum reserve, Tungsten, Lead, Silver, Zinc

Irrawaddy

•Origin – Tibet – Khingai, Yunnan•Boundary between Myanmar and Laos, Laos and Thailand•Delta of Mekong known as Cochin China

Mekong River

•Longest river of SE Asia•Life line of Cambodia• Its valley is famous for rice cultivation

Mekong River

•Lifeline of Thailand•Navigable•Rice cultivation and Teak forest on its banks

Chao Phraya River

•Originates from Yunnan plateau, China•Drains into Gulf of Tonkin• It carries Irregular volume of water and large amount of silt•Haiphong- outport of Hanoi located on its delta

Red river (Hong)

Rivers CitiesMekong Vientiane (Capital of Laos)

Phnom Penh (Cambodia)Hong Hanoi (Capital of Vietnam)Chao Phraya Bangkok (Thailand)Irrawaddy Yangon, Mandalay

Mainland SE Asia – south west Monsoon

Island nations -Equatorial climateTropical cyclones in late summer

climate

Monsoon pattern in SE Asia

South West winds

North East winds

Equatorial Rainfall

•Cyclones are frequent in Philippines and Vietnamd•Poverty and poor infrastructure increase vulnerability•Philippines- world’s highest disaster risk country

Typhoons in late summer

Main source of livelihood except in Brunei and Singapore

Wet-paddy cultivationMajor export crops of there region are cacao, coffee, and spices

Agriculture in South East Asia

•Rubber and palm oil are significant in Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern Thailand

Rubber and Palm oil

•  Coconuts and sugar are important in the Philippines

Coconut and sugarcane

•Cocoa- equatorial crop• Indonesia one of the top producer•Vietnam and Philippines also grow Cocoa

Cocoa cultivation

•The cultivation of opium poppies is important in parts of Myanmar and Thailand.•Used to make narcotic drugs like heroin + also used in medicinal purpose

Opium Poppy

Agro-advancement in Malaysia and Thailand but very little in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

Hunger malnutrition in Cambodia because of crop failures and internal strife.

Status of Agriculture in South East Asia

Crude oil

Natural gas

Tin

Important Minerals of SE Asia

•Major gas producer of SE Asia•Oil- onshore Salin basin (Minbu) and Yadana•Gas- Yadana and Yetagun fields•Shwe natural gas project in the Rakhine Basin – export to China

Crude oil reserve of Myanmar

Salin Basin

YadanaYetagun

Shwe Gas field

•  2009, Burma and China decided to construct twin crude oil and gas pipelines running • from Burma’s port of Kyaukphyu to Kunming in China

Myanmar-China pipeline

Shwe Gas field

Tenasserim region of Myanmar

Tenasserim River

Tenasserim Range

Tin, Tungsten and Iron ore

mines (Tavoy, Mergui)

•Sumatra:•Duri and Minas•East Java basin (Banyu Urip, Jambaran, and Cendana)• Kutei Basin •Western Papua

Crude oil reserve in Indonesia

DuriMinas

Banyu Urip

Jambaran

Cendana

Kutei Basin

Western Papua

•One of the largest exporter of natural gas•The Mahakam, offshore East Kalimantan•Bintuni Bay and the Central Sulawesi region•Abadi gas field, Arafura sea

Natural Gas reserve of Indonesia

Aceh region

Mahakam

Sulawesi Bintuni Bay

Abadi

•Tapis field in the offshore Malay Basin•Bertam oilfield in the Penyu Basin•  Kikeh and Kakap oil field, Sabah

Crude oil reserve of Malaysia

Malay Basin

Penyu Basin

Sabah Basin

•Luconia Basin, Sarawak•Kebabangan, Sabah

Natural Gas reserve of Malaysia

Sabah Basin

Sarawak Basin

•3th Largest crude oil reserve in Asia•Cuu Long Basin•Nam con son•Phu Kahn basin•ONGC videsh - Phu Kahn Basin

Petroleum reserve of Vietnam

South China Sea

Petroleum reserve in SE Asia

Tin reserve in SE Asia

Kinta ValleyKelang Valley

Singkep is.Bangka Is.

Belitung Is.

Samui Is.Phangan Is.

Thailand, Malaysia,

and Indonesia - more than

half of world Tin

production

Iron ore in Indonesia

In Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines, textiles industries

 chemical industry in Thailand and Indonesia

Industrial development in SE Asia

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