By- Pratik mohanty Debi Prasad mohapatra

Geography Project

Inside Our Earth

• Guys do you remember the good old days of your childhood when you broke open all toys and see what is there inside which makes it work. It is a nature human tendency to be inquisitive as to how things happen and work. We see and hear of earthquakes, volcanoes, lava etc. but where does it comes from?? In this pptx we shall see what is inside the earth and how it keeps changing form. LETS GOOOO!!!!

Remembering old days

What we are going to learn???!!!• In this pptx we are going to learn

• - Layers Of Earth

• - About Rocks

• -Different Types Of Rock

• - About Rock Cycle

• Some questions about this chapter

• -At Last A Video On This Chapter

Layers Of Earth• The planet earth on which we live is shaped like a huge ball which is not

absolutely spherical. As we look around where we live we see stretches of land and water bodies and If we travel further we see huge sea and oceans. But all this is just the upper surface of the earth. A standard cricket ball has a diameter of 7.3 cm, a football has a diameter of 22.3cm and the earth has a diameter of 12742kms ( at the equator). While a cricket ball is solid inside with jute, leather etc, the football has only air. Have you wondered what is inside our earth?? Human beings have been able to drill up to approximately 12km of the earth surface. This is just like piercing the crust. What lies inside has been studied and analyzed by observing various activities of the dynamic planet has been continuously changing. Even the study of meteorites which were formed nearly the same time of earth has revealed many aspects pertaining to the earth’s surface.

Definition Of Crust

• The upper most layer of the earth is called the crust. It is the thinnest of all layers. It is around 35 km thick in the landmass ( continental areas ).and just 5 – 10 km in the oceans. The main constituents of continental mass are Sial. ‘Si’ forms silica and ‘Al’ forms aluminum. The oceanic crust mainly constitutes of Sima. ‘Si’ stands for silica and ‘Ma’ stands or magnesium.

Definition of Mantle

• This layer is about 2900km thick. It mainly composed of Ferro-magnesium silicates. This can be divided into two as upper and lower mantle. This layers are distinguished by the viscosity of the components.

Definition of Core

• The core is about 3900km thick. It is the innermost layer of the earth. it is divided in two parts; one is the inner core and the other is the outer core. The outer core is made of liquid and the inner core is made of solid. The core consists of ‘Nife’. ‘Ni’ stands for nickel and ‘Fe’ stands for Ferrous.

Definition of rocks

• Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s crust is called rock. The crust is called rock. The crust of the earth is made of various types of rock with different compositions of minerals and chemicals. They have different color, size, density and texture and this depends on the way they were formed. Rocks are generally classified by composition, by the appearance or texture and by the processes that formed them. There are 3 types of rock : igneous, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rock.

Definition of igneous rock

• Igneous rocks are also called primary rock. These are formed when molten magma cools and turns into solid rocks. These rocks are further divided into two main categories: Extrusive or volcanic rocks and Intrusive rocks or plutonic rocks.

• Extrusive- they are formed when magma cools on the surface of the earth

• Intrusive- they are formed when magma cools deep inside the earth

Definition of Sedimentary Rocks

• Rocks keep breaking, cracking, and disintegrating by fall, weathering action of wind and water, sun and rain etc. these smaller pieces and particles get transported by winds and water and collected at places in the form o sediments. They gradually get compressed by their own weight and harden into rocks which have visible layers. These rocks not only have minerals but also animal and plant fossils which lived and died in those areas.

Definition of Metamorphic Rocks

•When igneous and sedimentary rock get high heat and pressure the get converted to metamorphic rock.

Rock Cycle

• The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of melted minerals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Igneous rock can form underground, where the magma cools slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly.

• When it pours out on Earth's surface, magma is called lava. Yes, the same liquid rock matter that you see coming out of volcanoes.On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces, called sediments, drop from the wind or water to make a layer. The layer can be buried under other layers of sediments. After a long time the sediments can be cemented together to make sedimentary rock. In this way, igneous rock can become sedimentary rock. When the sedimentary rock and igneous rock comes under high heat and pressure it changes to metamorphic rock. When the metamorphic rock comes under high heat it changes to lava .

Questions • Question #1

Which of the following best describes the material that makes up the earth's asthenosphere?

• A. a rigid solidB. a solid that is able to flowC. a liquid at high temperatureD. a gas under great pressure

• Ans - b

• Question #2The lithosphere is made up of the upper mantle and the

• A. crustB. asthenosphereC. hydrosphereD. core

• Ans- A

• Question #3The part of the earth that is solid but has the ability to flow is the

• A. lithosphereB. oceanic crustC. asthenosphereD. inner core

• Ans- C

• Question #4Which zone of the earth is made up of liquid iron?

• A. the asthenosphereB. the outer coreC. the upper mantleD. the inner core

• Ans- B

• Question #5The boundary between the earth's crust and mantle where the speed of seismic waves changes is called the

• A. MohoB. shadow zoneC. magnetosphereD. hydrosphere

• Ans- A

• Question #6Geologist believe the source of the earth's magnetic field may be the

• A. coreB. magnetosphereC. crustD. magnetic pole

• Ans- A

• Question #7The mass of an object is defined by

• A. how much the object weighs on earthB. the amount of water the object displacesC. the strength of the pull of gravity on the objectD. the amount of matter in the object

• Ans- D

• Question #8The shock waves produced by an earthquake are called __?__

• A. seismic wavesB. sonar wavesC. laser wavesD. radiowaves

• Ans- A

• Question #9The crust of the earth is made mostly of

• A. oxygen & siliconB. iron & siliconC. iron & nickelD. copper & nickel

• Ans- A

• Question #10The layer that makes up most of the earth's mass and volume is the

• A. mantleB. magmaC. crustD. core

• Ans- A

A video on it

Thank you •HOPE U LIKE IT