Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Geo Information and Governance WUH TUD Advisory Board meeting 14 May 2013 in Delft

Bas Kok, Associate Professor GI and Governance Director Knowledge and Research Centre GI Governance Past President GSDI Associaton

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Experiences Bas Kok in Geo Governance domainNational and International

- 1989-1993: Secretary General Council Real Estate Information - 1994-2006: Director Netherlands Council for Geo Information - 1998- : Associate Professor TU Delft GI and Governance- 1999-2004: Chairman Committee Dutch GI Innovation Programme - 2007-2012: Director International Affairs Dutch Cadaster- May 2012 : Director TU Delft Knowledge Centre GI Governance

- 1994-1998: Foundation EUROGI (vice president-chairman legal aspects)- 1998-2003: Initiative Group INSPIRE - 1996-1998: Foundation GSDI Association (President 2007-2010)- 2010 Past President GSDI Association

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Geo Information and Governance

• Geo Information and Governance

• TU Delft Knowledge Centre Geographical information and Governance

• Conclusions WUH and TUD workshop on 12 November 2012• Lectures Wuhan University as visiting professor• Inventory project Geo Information and Governance

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Geo Information and Governance

•GI and Governance focus •GI and Governance in the Netherlands•GI and Governance in the European Union•GI and Governance in the America’s and Asia Pacific•Governance trends

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Institutional, organisational, and legal arrangements of the government to organise the collection, processing, data sharing, and data provision of geo information to government, companies, academic and research communities, and citizens.

Focus on the development of institutional and organizational preconditions resulting in optimal cooperation and use of geo-information.

GI and Governance focus (1)

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Governance issues relate to the processes that lead to the successful realization of geo information infrastructures (sdi’s). Including the influence of worldwide and European development of administrative and institutional environments/aspects.

Institutional issues concern the organization of sdi’s particularly in the public sector, their policies, responsibilities and control.

GI and Governance focus (2)

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GI and Governance focus (3)

The organizational, legal and financial policy in the context of data sharing of geo-information (including digital rights management, harmonized business models).

The role of stakeholders in the development of spatial data infrastructures, the dynamic processes in developing cooperation between the parties in a changing environment and the changing role of government in governance processes.

GI Governance performance models (such as SDI assessments).

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GI and Governance in the Netherlands

Coordination Geo Information Netherlands

Economic Planning

Spatial Planning

Land use

Transport

Environmental issues

Coordination High Quality Data needed

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Spatial planning authority initiatives related to Dutch SDI

Characteristics Dutch spatial planning system• Very strict spatial planning regime• Many protected areas such as forest regions, rural

conservation areas, wetlands, etc.• Many building restrictions

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Coordination real estate and geoinformation in the Netherlands

Information Coordination Policy: effective government performance from the 1980s

Traditionally: High Quality registrations Dutch Cadastre and Land Administration

Coordinating Minister for Real Estate Information: in 1984 and establishing National Advisory

Council Real Estate and Geo Information

High need to compose new public registrations: harmonization taxation/ registration real estate,

public restrictions, topography, cables and pipelines

Dutch structure plan for Geo Information: approved by Council of Ministers in 1993

Cooperation models between national government, provinces, and municipalities: based on the

Structure plan vision (Spatial Data Infrastructure)

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Dutch Structure Plan for Geo Information

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Infrastructure framework (1992)

Administrative Link Geometric

- population address - 1:10.000 - cadastre - 1:1000/2000 - enterprise topographic

set

- buildings

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Dutch approachLate 1980s - SDI infrastructure vision developed by public agencies.- Key vision was information exchange between 8 core registrations.

1993 - Vision approved by Council of Ministers and Parliament.- Public platform established responsible for standard definition and implementation.- Quality standards for collecting, maintenance and updating developed and

implemented.

1997 - SDI adopted in e-government programs.

2000 - Legal status core registrations as Authentic Registers till 2015.

2004 - SDI innovation 40 million EURO program Space for Geo Information launched.

2007 - Policy Council established.- Platform established to improve the access to core data in NL.

2008-2011- New vision: GIDEON

2009 - INSPIRE portal launched

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• One place for the information

• One authority is legally responsible

• Every government agency required to use this information

• Several registrations of geo-information formalized by law

Authentic registrations

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GEO information hub in e-Government

Key register cadastreKey register topographyKey register buildingsKey register addresses

(Possible) future key registers:Large scale base mapCables and pipe line informationValuation information……

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Development of an SDI

Stand alone

Exchange/standardisation

Inter-mediary

Network

Time

Extent of cooperation.

Information need.

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Stage

Aspect

Stand alone

Exchange Intermediary Network

Vision Focus on individual organisation

Developed with all stakeholders

Implementation

Commonly shared, and frequently reviewed

Leadership Focus on individual organisation

Questioned Accepted Respected by all stakeholders

Communication

Focus on individual organisation

Open between public parties

Open between all stakeholders

Open and interactive between all

Self-organising ability

Passive problem recognition

Neutral problem recognition

Actively helping to solve identified problems

Actively working on innovation

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Lectures Geo Information Governance

- General Spatial Data Infrastructures- Innovation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure- Development of organizational and institutional aspects- Coordination of Geo Information- Development National Spatial Data Infrastructure (responsibility)- Developments Electronic Government Programme across the

globe- Legal system Authentic registrations - Relationship with the development of European Spatial Data

Infrastructure (INSPIRE), PSI Directive, Privacy and Data base protection Act

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Lectures Geo Information and Goverance in Europe

- Foundation of Eurogi- Info 2000 and GI 2000 of the European Commission - Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe-INSPIRE

(institutional and organizational process, legislation) - Strategic documents (Horizon 2020 program) - Digital agenda for Europe- GMES programme- Development of Spatial Data Infrastructures in 27 EU

member States/relationship with INSPIRE/role National Mapping Agencies

- Important European Legislation - Important scientific organizations in Europe

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GI Governance EUROPEINSPIRE

Successful SDI implementations in:

DenmarkNorway Spain SwedenFinland

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• Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively

• Combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources and share it between many users and applications

• Spatial data should be collected at one level of government and shared between all levels

• Spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use

• It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose and to know which conditions apply for its use

PrinciplesPrinciples

INSPIRE

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INSPIRE processINSPIRE processCommission Services co-ordinate

Spatial Data Interest Communities participate

Projectscontribute

Drafting Teams Co

nso

lida

tion

Te

am

Proto-typestest

Pilots validat

e

CEN, ISO, OGC contribute

INSPIRE Expert Groupadvises

INSPIRECommittee

votes

ECadopts

Publicreviews

Im

ple

me

ntin

g R

ule

s

Dra

ft

Imp

lem

en

ting

Ru

les

Fo

rma

l In

tern

et

Co

nsu

ltatio

n

R

evi

ew

Ca

ll fo

r In

tere

st

Exi

stin

g R

efe

ren

ce

Ma

teria

l

Experts are proposed

Association phase Drafting phase Review phase

LMOsre-

viewMS

apply

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GI Governance

America’s USACanada

Asia PacificMalaysia, Singapore, .. (The People’s Republic of China?)

Australia

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USA approach

• Federal SDI and FGDC launched by Clinton order in 1993

• Partnerships between Fed’s and States

• Data access promotion and launching Clearing House globally

• SDI and interoperability essential tool in e-gov one stop shop

• Marketplace approach stimulates federal agency involvement

• Interoperability of OGC standards enable NSDI data services

• Important initiator of GEO GEOSS activities/portals/clearinghouses

• Since the end of 2008 all the satellite images free on the web available

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Australian approach

• Many differences in approaches in various states• Interesting initiatives in Queensland and Western

Australia• Queensland investments integrated systems and ease

citizens access maps• Shared Land Information Platform (SLIP) in line with

electronic e-gov• Western Australia SLIP provides citizens and user groups

Land Info.• Victoria state made agreement Google Map for access to

citizens cadastre parcel

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Impacts of successful SDI implementation

In the countries mentioned many differences in SDI occurs, but always a key role for Cadastral Agencies and Mapping agencies

Successful SDI implementation lead to:• Sound e-government performance/effective government business

processes• Better access of reliable public spatial information for citizens• Increasing arrangements governments and industries improving

data access • Increasing production of high tech products by geo spatial industry • Innovation of SDI products by government, research and business

community• Sound position of the geo spatial industry in IT business processes

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Governance trends on global level

- GI Governance strategic iniatives in Europe (Horizon 2020) and

US (place based policies)

- More need for regulation because of fast growing technologies

- Growing need for cooperation related to data policy issues

- Convergences between SDI communities, GEO GEOSS and Digital

Earth Communities (GSDI 11 2009 conference theme)

- Current information age requires high quality GI ranking system

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TU Delft Knowledge Center on Geographical Information and Governance

• New expertise center (started May 2012)• Supported by Dutch stakeholders• Building on expert knowledge, outstanding national, and international

network (GSDI, DigitalEarth, INSPIRE/Digital Agenda, NCG/Geonovum)

• Performing research for: • Dutch government• European Commission (European location framework initiative: legal

interoperability)

• http://www.otb.tudelft.nl/gigovernance

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Research at Knowledge Centre for GI and Governance

Focus on the development of institutional and organizational preconditions resulting in optimal cooperation and use of geo-information:

•Governance of geo-information•How to provide access to public geo-information?•Impact of data sharing on SDI objectives•How to assess the success of SDIs from an institutional perspective?

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Geo Information Governance part of WUH/TUD agreement

• Governance of geo-information and cooperation models

• Impact of data sharing on SDI objectives

• Assessment of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs)

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Governance of GI• Typical GI world: many players, many datasets, many different responsibilities,

technology driven

• How to organise these to benefit both the individual organisation and society?

• New technology (smart phones, social media), new players (citizens as sensor), rethinking the roles of government and other players

• Which governance model are utilised today and how successful are they? What may Europe learn from The People’s Republic of China and what may The People’s Republic of China learn from Dutch, EU initiatives and the INSPIRE process?

• New governance models?

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Data sharing and organisational interoperability

• How to stimulate data sharing?

• To improve data sharing, remove technical, organisational, legal, and financial barriers

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Inte

rop

era

bili

ty

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SDI Assessment

• SDI implementation and development often require an impact assessment or cost benefit analysis

• Cost benefit ratio is always positive

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Stage

Aspect

Stand alone

Exchange Intermediary Network

Vision Focus on individual organisation

Developed with all stakeholders

Implementation

Commonly shared, and frequently reviewed

Leadership Focus on individual organisation

Questioned Accepted Respected by all stakeholders

Communication

Focus on individual organisation

Open between public parties

Open between all stakeholders

Open and interactive between all

Self-organising ability

Passive problem recognition

Neutral problem recognition

Actively helping to solve identified problems

Actively working on innovation

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Cooperation Geo Information Governance WUH TUD

Lectures Program / Workshops on GI Governance in China

Inventory project points of interest of NASG, WUH, Dutch KadasterTNO, Grontmy, TUD (and other possible partners from the

People’s Republic of China)?

How to facilitate the knowledge exchange (e.g., a PhD candidate from NASG?)

Challenge the future

DelftUniversity ofTechnology

Geo Information and Governance WUH TUD Advisory Board meeting 14 May 2013 in Delft

Bas Kok, Associate Professor GI and Governance Director Knowledge and Research Centre GI Governance Past President GSDI Associaton