GEO APPLICATIONSDMT Seismic Refinement Reporton the offshore South Africa

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1. Seismic refinement• Resolve uncertainties in seismic interpretation• Sub-salt and sub-basalt interpretation

2. Tracking of geological structures out of the 2D seismic data• Tracking of promising geological structures such as channels, elevations etc.

out of 2D seismic data3. DMT Trend Surface

• Accurate interpolation and extrapolation of basement and basins structures from seismic data

• Detection of structures poorly visible on seismic data

• Identification of structures lost between seismic lines

• More information gained from 2D seismic

Core Benefits

Available everywhere where customer has its own seismic data

Detection of channel structure

extend out of the 2D seismic lines

by DMT Method.

DMT Seismic Refinement Report

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This comprehensive exploration report is based on a Density Mapping Technology (DMT), which provides completely new type of gravity data called Density Deviations (DD). Our data enables us to reveal and interpret subsurface image which is more accurate and could not be produced by any other non-seismic data. We are able to process our data very fast in any region around the world over extensive areas without the need for physical measurements.

Proposed report combines benefits of DMT method with seismic data* and other non-seismic methods to provide a complex view on tectonics, basement and basin structure, sedimentary thick-ness and petroleum systems on the offshore south Africa. The DMT Seismic Refinement Report is prepared to focus your next stage of seismic exploration on the main promising structures and reveal the structures lost between seismic lines. DMT Seismic Refinement Reports offer variety of other services and customization on client’s data sets.

*Proposed DMT Exploration report can be provided

everywhere on the world, where customer has own

seismic data, or where free seismic data is available.

Area selected for proposed DMT Seismic

Refinement Report in the offshore south Africa.

The Dataset and Interpretation

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Interpretation in this report is based on the DMT and seismic data in com-bination with other non-seismic ge-ophysical data and its derivatives. The DMT and seismic data form the main basis for interpretation. Other data types and geophysical methods serve as auxiliary to supplement the view on geological structure and pe-troleum system. The report includes standard derivatives and filters of DMT and other potential field data for en-hancement of interpretation. These are for example high-pass, low-pass and band pass filters, vertical derivative, total horizontal derivative, etc. Availa-ble borehole data is also incorporated into our report.

DMT is very beneficial in combination with other methods, especially with seismic surveys. Den-sity Deviations are very useful to define structures that are poorly visible on seismic sections, for example below basalt sequences (Fig. 2).

Another highly valuable capability of our technology is that DMT data allows interpolation of structures between and away from seismic lines, especially in the areas of sparse seismic data. Very useful for such interpolation is DMT Trend Surface.

DMT Seismic Refinement Reports are suitable for exploration in the areas with:• Poor quality seismic data • Widely spaced 2D seismic data• Seismic data that reached its exploration technical limits

(e.g. sub-salt, sub-basalt interpretation) Only Geo-application’s DMT report contains completely new geological information interpreted from the DMT data.

The geologically consistent and integrated DMT reports provide new interpretation of:• Structural settings• Basement structure and depth to basement• Basin structure and its sedimentary infill• DMT Trend Surface map• Petroleum system elements (optional)

Report Table Of Contents

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1. Introduction

2. DMT Method2.1 Principles and Possibilities of the DMT Technology2.2 Data Processing2.3 Deliverables

3. General Geological Setting3.1 Petroleum Geology

3.1.1 Source Rocks and Maturity; Evaluation of Source Rock Potential 3.1.2 Traps and Seals3.1.3 Reservoir Rocks3.1.4 Complex Evaluation and Timing of Above Mentioned Features

of Petroleum System Elements3.1.5 Exploration Status; Previous Exploration in the Area

4. DMT Interpretation and Complex Evaluation of the Region4.1 DMT and Other Geophysical Data – Processing and Interpretation

4.1.1 DMT Data and its Derivatives4.1.2 GRAV/MAG Data and its Derivatives4.1.3 Boreholes, Well-Logs 4.1.4 Seismic Data (Interpreted Seismic Sections)

4.2 Interpretation of DMT with Profiles, 2D&3D Models, etc.4.2.1 Precise Density Mapping4.2.2 Structural and Tectonic Mapping4.2.3 Basin Structure and Sedimentary Infill4.2.4 Basement Surface and Structure

4.3 DMT Tool for Seismic Interpretation4.3.1 Advanced Interpretation of Existing Seismic Data based on DMT4.3.2 Tracking of Geological Structures out of the 2D Seismic Data4.3.3 DMT Trend Surface

4.4 Basin Modelling4.5 Prospective Areas based on DMT

5. Interpretation Summary5.1 Integration of Report Results5.2 Implications for Hydrocarbon Prospectivity5.3 Additional Seismic Survey Proposal

Customization and optional services

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Team of skilled geophysicists and petroleum and structural geologists in Geo-applications offers in our reports other optional services and customization with the client’s data.

• Interpretation of client’s seismic and well log data• Interpretation of client’s gravity and magnetic data• Paleogeography and plate-tectonic evolution forms basis for heat flow evaluation, crustal

stretching characterization and petroleum system modelling.• 1D basin modelling is important part of exploration to enhance the knowledge about

source rock maturity, reservoir characterization or heat flow of the area.• 3D Heat Flow evaluation is based on DMT Trend Surface, paleogeographical reconstruc-

tions, crustal model, 1D basin modelling and seismic data.• 3D Petroleum System modelling. Source rock evaluations include burial history, maturity

modelling, and correlation with known hydrocarbons.• Training and consultancy for DMT data application.• Geodesy. Development of transformation parameters between coordinates of Local Geo-

detic Datum (LGD) and the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84).

Figure 1: Property modelling based on conventional data and DMT.

Examples of Core Benefits

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4.3.1. Advanced interpretation of existing seismic data based on DMT

In many areas, seismic exploration reached its limits. One of the example, where additional meth-ods are needed, is the sub-basalt exploration. Using the connection between the DMT technolo-gy and seismic data, numerous promising structures might be found below basalt layers.

4.3.2. Tracking of geological structures out of the 2D seismic data

Resolution of DMT technology has potential to identify promising structures in sedimentary infill. Using limited number of existing data provided by our customer, Geo-Applications can track those promising structures to provide more accurate focus in the next exploration stage (Figure 3).

Figure 2: Accurate detection of elevated basement below basalts by DMT technology.

Fig 3: Tracking of geological struc-

tures out of the 2D seismic lines.

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Examples of Core Benefits

4.3.3. DMT Trend Surface

Trend Surface is commonly used tool in Petrel software. Its main usage is in numerous geological situations, when horizon correlates with base conformable horizon, but its reflex is not clearly vis-ible in the whole area of interpretation. A similar approach was used by Geo-Applications to cor-relate DMT and basement surface. High level of correlation between the DMT surface and base-ment is an absolutely necessary prerequisite.

Example from UK Continental Shelf illustrates the difference in data value, if only one 2D seis-mic line is used (Figure 4a and b) and if the same line is used together with DMT Trend Surface (Figure 4c). Credibility of the results is presented in Figures 4d, where interpreted horizons on oth-er 2D seismic lines are displayed together with DMT surface.

Figure 4: Example of DMT Trend

Surface from North Rona basin

(UK Continental Shelf). Picture

(a) shows one seismic line used

for interpolation of basement

surface (b) from this seismic line.

Significant improvement of in-

terpolation is achieved when

DMT Trend Surface is used (c).

Credibility of DMT Trend Surface

was proved by additional seismic

sections (d).

Key Deliverables

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1. Interpretation report in PDF format.2. Structural and geophysical maps of the region including grids and shapefiles

Report includes grids of potential field data including Density Deviations of the DMT method. Even with limited volume of seismic data, together with DMT you can get impressive geological information. Depending on your requirements, optional service may include complex seismic interpretation in Petrel or calibrated 1D or 3D petroleum system models with complex reconstruction of heat flow evolution in the selected area.

3. Complete Petrel & ArcGIS & Oasis Montaj Projects4. Proposal for following exploration stages – additional seismic survey planning.5. Variety of additional deliverables based on client’s request

Figure 5: Interpretation of the DMT data in Petrel 2016 software (top) and ArcGIS

software (bottom). Petrel left window shows the DMT curve displayed on seismic data

(yellow line) and right window shows an interpreted DMT map.