Genetics Notes

Genetics: the study of how traits of organisms are passed from parent to offspring.

1. Heredity2. Genes3. DNA4. Chromosomes5. Sperm6. Egg7. Recessive Genes8. Dominant Genes

Brain Pop!

1. heredity:passingdownfromparentstooffspring(kids)2. genes:DNAinheritedfrommomanddad3. DNA:informationthatisfoundinthenucleusofallyourcells4. chromosomes:DNAthatlookslikeX5. sperm:malesexcell6. egg:femalesexcell7. recessivegenes:genesthatgetcoveredup8.dominantgenes:genesthatcovereverything

Bill Nye Library Analogy

Traits Inventory

Gregor Mendel

- Gregor Mendel was the first person known to record evidence that traits of organisms are determined by factors passed from parents to offspring.- Born in 1822 in Europe- Father of Genetics

Mendel studied genetics by conducting breeding experiments with pea plants.

Dominant TraitsA genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor

Recessive TraitsA genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant genetic factor

GenesA section of DNA that has information about a specific trait of an organism

Allele2 alleles make up a gene

PhenotypeThe visible traits and characteristics of an organism

GenotypeThe alleles of all the genes on an organism's chromosomes

Uppercase letters represent dominant alleles

Lowercase letters represent recessive alleles

EeAlleles for eye color

Allele for brown eyes (dominant) Allele for blue eyes (recessive)

Homozygous: two alleles have the same information

Heterozygous: two alleles have different information

Thegenotypecontains2alleles,onefrommomandonefromdad.Theseallelescanbeeitherdominantorrecessive.Ifthereareoneormoredominantallelespresent,thenthephenotypewillberepresentativeofthedominant.Iftherearenodominantallelespresent,thenthephenotypewilltakeontherecessivefeature.Thecombinationofgenotypeallelesdeterminethephenotype