genetics - mrs. braun's 7th grade science
TRANSCRIPT
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Genetics – the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
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Heredity – the transfer of characteris-tics from parent to offspring
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A trait or characteristic that is a feature of an organism
Examples: Eye color, hair color, height, etc…
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DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid is contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of any living thing made of cells.
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Chromosome– a structure made of DNA
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells
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Genes – parts of DNA that are passed down from generation to generation
Genes are the blueprint of the physical and behavioral development of each organism
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Locus – A specific location of a Gene within a chromosome
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Allele – any one of a number of viable DNA sequences occupying a given location on a chromosome that codes for a gene.
An individual’s genotype for that gene is a set of alleles it happens to possess.
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Dominant Allele – Shows up if present on either chromosome and is represented by an upper case letter
BB Bb
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Recessive Allele – Only shows up if presented on both chromosomes and is represented by a lower case letter
bb
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Heterozygous – Individuals carry 2 different alleles at a particular locus
Bb
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Homozygous – individuals carry 2 copies of the same allele at a particular locus
BB bb
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Genotype – the internally coded information carried by all living organisms (the blueprint)
BB Bb bb
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Phenotype – the outward, physical manifestation of an organism
(the physical parts that can be observed)
Eye Color
Size
Reflexes
Behaviors
Skin Color
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Asexual Reproduction - One individual produces offspring that are geneticaly identical to itself
(budding, binary fission)
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Sexual Reproduction – 2 individuals produce offspring that have genetic characteristics from both parents
It introduces a new gene combination