genetics and genetic engineering terms clones b organisms or cells of nearly identical genetic...
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Genetics and Genetics and Genetic Genetic Engineering Engineering termsterms
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clonesclonesorganisms or cells of organisms or cells of nearly identical genetic nearly identical genetic makeup derived from a makeup derived from a single sourcesingle source
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complementarycomplementarycontaining structures containing structures that match or bond that match or bond with related structureswith related structures
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electrophoresiselectrophoresistechnique used to technique used to separate migrating separate migrating molecules in an molecules in an electrical fieldelectrical field
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ExpressionExpressionthe appearance of a the appearance of a trait directed by a genetrait directed by a gene
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Codon (Genetic Codon (Genetic code)code)a series of three a series of three nucleotide bases that nucleotide bases that determine the amino determine the amino acid order and the acid order and the proteins formed in cell proteins formed in cell reproductionreproduction
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TransgenicTransgenic
a cell or organism that harbors another organism or DNA from a foreign source.
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Genetic Genetic EngineeringEngineeringtechnology involved in technology involved in removing, modifying, removing, modifying, or adding genes to a or adding genes to a DNA moleculeDNA molecule
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LigaseLigaseenzyme used to join enzyme used to join two pieces of DNAtwo pieces of DNA
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MutationMutationa heritable change in a heritable change in genetic makeupgenetic makeup
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NucleotidesNucleotidesbuilding blocks of building blocks of nucleic acid composed nucleic acid composed of a sugar, a phosphate of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous baseand a nitrogenous base
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PlasmidPlasmida small, usually a small, usually circular, piece of DNA circular, piece of DNA that is separate from that is separate from the chromosomal DNAthe chromosomal DNA
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PolymerasePolymerasean enzyme that joins an enzyme that joins nucleotides to make nucleotides to make nucleic acidnucleic acid
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Recombinant Recombinant DNADNADNA that has been DNA that has been altered by genetic altered by genetic engineeringengineering
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Restriction Restriction enzymeenzymerestriction restriction endonucleaseendonuclease
enzyme that cuts DNA enzyme that cuts DNA strands at specific sitesstrands at specific sites
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sequencesequenceorder of nucleotides or order of nucleotides or amino acidsamino acids
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templatetemplatea pattern used for a pattern used for developing a developing a complementary complementary structurestructure
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traittraita characteristic a characteristic resulting from gene resulting from gene expressionexpression
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transformtransformto change the genetic to change the genetic makeup of an makeup of an organism by alteration organism by alteration of the DNAof the DNA
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vectorvectoran agent such as a an agent such as a plasmid used to plasmid used to transfer DNA into a transfer DNA into a host cellhost cell
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Complex Complex OrganismOrganismhigher organismhigher organisman organism with cells, an organism with cells, tissues, and organs tissues, and organs arranged to function as a arranged to function as a single unitsingle unit
ex. Plants, animals, humansex. Plants, animals, humans
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cell membranecell membranedelicate structure that delicate structure that surrounds the cellsurrounds the cell
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CytoplasmCytoplasmcell fluid containing all cell fluid containing all cell structurescell structures
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NucleusNucleuscontrol center of a cell control center of a cell contains most of the contains most of the DNADNA
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ChromosomesChromosomesstructures that are structures that are physical carriers of genesphysical carriers of genes
made up of DNA made up of DNA are located in cell are located in cell nucleusnucleus
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RibosomeRibosomesite where new site where new proteins are produced proteins are produced
result of genetic result of genetic expressionexpression
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Genetic Genetic engineeringengineeringtechnology involved in technology involved in removing, modifying, removing, modifying, or adding genes to a or adding genes to a DNA moleculeDNA molecule
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Genetic Genetic engineeringengineeringmovement of a gene movement of a gene from one organism to from one organism to anotheranother
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Other namesOther namesrecombinant DNA recombinant DNA technologytechnology
recombinant DNA sciencerecombinant DNA sciencegene transfergene transfergene splicing gene gene splicing gene cloningcloning
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Naturally Naturally occurringoccurringalterations in the genetic alterations in the genetic makeup of plants and makeup of plants and animals allow them to animals allow them to respond to changes in respond to changes in their environmenttheir environment
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Naturally Naturally occurringoccurringsome bacteria and some bacteria and viruses change the viruses change the function of cells by function of cells by inserting their DNA into inserting their DNA into the DNA of the cellthe DNA of the cell
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Scientific Gen Scientific Gen eng.eng.Scientists have Scientists have developed the ability developed the ability to transfer genetic to transfer genetic material from one material from one organism to anotherorganism to another
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Scientific Gen Scientific Gen eng.eng.Plasmids found in Plasmids found in some organisms can some organisms can be engineered to be engineered to accept DNA from other accept DNA from other sourcessources
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Scientific Gen Scientific Gen eng.eng.Restriction enzymes are used Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific to cut the DNA at specific sitessites
cut ends of plasmid rings can cut ends of plasmid rings can accept pieces of DNA from accept pieces of DNA from other organismsother organisms
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Scientific Gen Scientific Gen eng.eng.The ability to cut and The ability to cut and splice DNA segments is splice DNA segments is providing many providing many opportunities for opportunities for changing the function of changing the function of organismsorganisms