genetics
TRANSCRIPT
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Intro to Genetics
By Justin Ehrenpreis
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Genetics
The Branch of Biology that deals with patterns of inheritance
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Heredity
Parents genetic information to offspring through gametes
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Gregor Mendel
Austrian monk
Started science of genetics
Experimenting with pea plants
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Mendel came up with….
Principles of Dominance,
Segregation
+
Independent Assortment
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Traits are….
inherited
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Mendel’s hereditary factors called……
genes
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Location………
locus
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Gene is…..
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that tells specific location
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T.H. Morgan
Carried out breeding experiments (crosses)
With fruit flies (Drosophila)
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Two alternate genes……
Control each trait is called….
alleles
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Homologous chromosomes
Matching chromosomes
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Genotype
Genes presented in DNA of an organism
SHOWS
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Pairs of letters
Genotypes
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2 letters
genotype
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Phenotype
Trait physically shows up in the organism
MADE
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TT=
HOMOZYGOUS
=PURE
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Tt =
Heterozygous
=hybrid
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tt=
Homozygous
=Pure
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Test cross
Introduced by Mendel in order to determine if an individual exhibit dominant trait
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He crossed a homozygous recessive….
Recessive means lowercase
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contrasting
different
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Hybrid for trait has only….
Dominant trait in the phenotype
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TT
Homozygous DOMINANT
Or pure tall
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Tt
Heterozygous or hybrid = TALL
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tt
Homozygous RECESSIVE or pure short
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Two alleles responsible for
Trait separate from each other.
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Alleles recombined at…..
FERTILIZATION
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Producing genotype for traits of offspring
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Hybrid tall is
Tt
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25% Tall25% small50% tall
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Shape, hair, and color has no impact on one another
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Incomplete dominance
BLENDING
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codominance
Together
2