genetics
DESCRIPTION
2nd yearTRANSCRIPT
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GeneticsGenetics
The study of genes and the The study of genes and the inheritance of traitsinheritance of traits
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CharacteristicsCharacteristics
These are features you These are features you exhibit physically exhibit physically
( your looks) ( your looks)
ExampleExample: Eye color - : Eye color - greengreen
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TraitsTraits
The different versions The different versions of a characteristicof a characteristic
Example: blue, green, Example: blue, green, and brown eyesand brown eyes
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InheritanceInheritance
Occurs when traits are Occurs when traits are passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.
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GenesGenes
Bits of information Bits of information passed down from passed down from parent to child.parent to child.
Made of chemicals Made of chemicals called DNA.called DNA.
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Genetic DiseasesGenetic Diseases
Can be passed on through Can be passed on through genes from a parent to the genes from a parent to the child.child.
Example : Example : Marfan SyndromeMarfan Syndrome
(Individual is tall, has long (Individual is tall, has long arms and legs)arms and legs)
Remember - JOE Remember - JOE
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ReproductionReproduction
SexualSexual – Sperm – Sperm fertilizes an egg to fertilizes an egg to produce offspringproduce offspring
Asexual Asexual – – occurs when occurs when 1 organism copies itself 1 organism copies itself to produce offspringto produce offspring
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FertilizationFertilization
Occurs when a sperm Occurs when a sperm unites with an eggunites with an egg
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Offspring Offspring
Another name for the Another name for the childrenchildren of a male and of a male and female parentfemale parent
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MutationMutation
Occurs when genes Occurs when genes make a mistake mixing make a mistake mixing and produce new or and produce new or different traits in the different traits in the offspring.offspring.
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GenotypeGenotype
A combination of A combination of allelesalleles
Example: TT, Tt, or ttExample: TT, Tt, or tt
*We flipped coins to determine the genotype of our critters and puppies.
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AllelesAlleles
T – is considered a T – is considered a dominant dominant alleleallele
t – is considered a t – is considered a recessiverecessive allele allele
TT – is dominant
Tt or tT – is dominant
tt - is recessive
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Punnett SquarePunnett Square
Uses mom and dad’s Uses mom and dad’s genotypes to determine genotypes to determine the possible traits of the possible traits of their offspring.their offspring.
4 offspring4 offspring
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PhenotypePhenotype
They are the traits They are the traits determined by reading determined by reading the genotype.the genotype.
ExampleExample : FF = black : FF = black fur fur
Black furBlack fur is the is the phenotypephenotype or trait or trait