genetics 1 ruder
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GeneticsThe field of biology devoted to understanding heredity, how
characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.
![Page 2: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gregor Mendel
• Entered monastery in Brunn, Austria at age of 21 in 1842.
• Assigned task of tending the garden.• 1851 entered the University of Vienna to
study science and mathematics (Statistics).• Returned to monastery to teach high school
and kept a garden plot where he grew garden peas , Pisum sativum.
• Considered the father of genetics.
![Page 3: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mendel observed 7 characteristics each with 2 contrasting traits.
![Page 4: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Important vocabulary for understanding Mendel’s experiments.• Pollination = plant reproduction
anthers/stamens(male) stigma/carpel(female)• Self-pollination vs. cross-pollination• Mendel controlled pollination by removing
anthers.• Pure – ALWAYS produce offspring with a
particular trait (14 total for the pea plants he observed).
![Page 5: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mendel’s Experiments
![Page 7: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mendel’s Results and Conclusions
• Recessive and Dominant Traits• Law of Segregation• Law of Independent Assortment
![Page 8: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Recessive and Dominant Traits
• Recessive Factor – lower case• Dominant Factor – upper case• Factors are now called Alleles.
![Page 9: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Law of Segregation
• A pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes.
![Page 10: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Law of Independent Assortment
• Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently.
![Page 11: Genetics 1 ruder](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062419/5577860ad8b42acf398b4abb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
More Vocabulary
• Genotype – genetic make-up of an organism. Pp• Phenotype – physical appearance of an org. Purple• Homozygous – both alleles of a pair are alike: PP, pp, both dominant or both recessive. (Pure)• Heterozygous – Alleles of a pair are different: Pp, one dominant and one recessive. (Hybrid)