Genetic Control Center

Lucy WilsonFiona Maylath-BryantJacquelyn Kaminski

DNA Replication

Transcription&

The DNA instruction manual stays in the nucleus, held in by a double layer of membrane. When the cell divides, all of the DNA in the nucleus replicates - copies itself - so that both new cells have the whole instruction manual.

When the cell needs to make a protein, chemical signals tell the DNA which page to use. Once on the right page, or area along the DNA's length, the top strand of DNA serves as a stencil for a messenger RNA (mRNA). 

A single-stranded copy of the DNA page forms. Upon release from its parent DNA page, it brushes off some excess toner and gets ready for the trip out into the cytoplasm. Its mission: to deliver its message to the nearest protein factory.

Chromosomes

• Usually in the form of chromatin• Contains genetic information• Composed of DNA• Thicken for cellular division• Set number per species (i.e. 23 pairs for

human)• A chromosome is what carries the

hereditary information of an organism and is made up of densely packed coiled up Chromatin.

Nucleus

• To maintain the integrity of genes and to control the activities of the cell.

• The nucleus is often the most prominent organelle in the cell. 

• The nucleus is bounded by the "double membrane" the so called "nuclear envelope".

Nuclear Membrane

• Double layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

• Also called nuclear envelope.• It is also permeable to certain selected molecules.• regulates in and out movement of only specific

substances.• Nuclear membranes in animal and plant cells

prevents the nucleus from collapsing and hence it's effective in holding nucleus together. 

Nucleolus

• Spherical shape.• Visible when cell is not dividing.• Contains RNA for protein

manufacture.• Key component of nucleus.• Produces the sub-unit which

composed forms in the ribosomes.

Citations• Nucleolus Function. Web. 16 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.nucleolusfunction.com/>.• "Google Images." Google. Web. 16 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.google.com/imgres?q=nucleus>.• “Google Images." Google. Web. 16 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.google.com/imgres?q=nucleus>.• Google Images." Google. Web. 16 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.google.com/imgres?q=nucleus>.• "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and

Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies." Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1196372/>.