generator protection
TRANSCRIPT
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MADRAS ATOMIC POWER STATION
Presented by J.ROOBY
March 2001
TURBO GENERATOR
PROTECTION
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ELECTRICAL PROTECTIONS
TRIP TYPE:: TT GCB FBDIFFRENTIAL STATOR EARTH ROTOR EARTH OVERVOLTAGEOVERCURRENT UNBALANCEUNDERFREQUENCY
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PROTECTIONS - 2
TRIP TYPE TT GCB FB
UNDEREXCITATION
W/O LOSS OF FIELD
WITH LOSS OF FIELD
REVERSE POWER LONG TIME
SHORT TIME
(OPERATES ONLY AT TT)
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THW: ELEC. PROTECTION BHEL RECOMMENDATIONS
‘Resistor’ ground. Minimum stator earth fault protection: 95%. E/F current < 2A for 2 sec.Trip within 24 Hrs. on 1st rotor earth fault alarm On 2nd fault machine to be trippedOver-voltage relay at 120% rated. Reset factor of the relay not less than 0.95.Tripping on exceeding specified loads.Negative phase sequence: I2².t = 8 On continuous basis: I2 < 5%.
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THW: ELEC. PROTECTION - 2 BHEL RECOMMENDATIONS
Loss of field protection allowed at 40% for 15 minutes etc. If grid cannot sustain on auto basis, tripping within 5 sec.Difference in any two phase currents by more than 20% shall cause instant trip.Inter-turn protection with instant tripping if out of balance current in two parallel paths exceeds 2 - 3% of rated current.
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THW: ELEC. PROTECTION - 3
BHEL RECOMMENDATIONS
Back up protection for generator main breaker failure shall be provided.Operation at a frequency below 47.5 or above 51.5 Hz allowed only for a total of 2 Hrs. in entire life of set. (Turbine)Reverse power relay to be set at 0.5% of rated output with a time delay of 3 - 10 seconds.
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THW : TRIPPING SCHEME PROTECTION TT GCB FB A Generator differential
Stator earth faultRotor earth fault - 1st
- 2nd
Over-voltage OverloadNegative ph seq currentInter-turn for stator wdg.Reverse powerLoss of field
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THW: MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS
Bearing babbit 75° High Oil temp.,flow babbit 80° HH Trip B manual
Oil out 60° High Oil temp.,flow Oil out 65° HH Trip B manual
H2 seal-oil inlet 45°High Flow,cooler,CW outlet 70°High Trip B manual
DM Conductivity: 20µMho: Trip B AutoDM inlet temp. <39°: Reduce CW flow
44°: Cooler; Unload >48°: Trip B manual
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MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS - 2
Wdg.DM flow <21M³/Hr Unload to 75% <13M³/Hr 4 mte Auto trip B
DM outlet 85° DM flow-temp,CoolerWdg. temp. 75° Unload to normalizeDiff in 2 RTDs >20° Run down,man.trip B
Cold H2 High 44°C W inlet temp,press,& HighHigh 55° Unload.Trip B manual
H2 hot gas High75° CW press,temp,flowCore temp High95° Unload,Trip B manu
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MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS - 3
H2 purity Low 95% Trip B manual
H2 press.Low -0.2bar Unchecked, trip B High +0.2bar Restore to normal
Rotor wdg.temp High115°H2 temp press HighHigh 120° Unload,Trip B
CW inlet temp Low 20° Bring it up High 37°Scheduled unload HighHigh 48° Run down Trip B
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MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS - 4
Liquid in LLI :If CW, isolate cooler,unload If seal oil, rectify,trip B manu. If DM water, check H2 press.
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STATOR EARTH FAULT
Type of earthing and earth fault current value decide the relay. For resistance grounded TG, definite time or IDMT ground over current relay is used. For solid earth, an IDMT relay is preferred.For solidly / resist. grounded TGs, standby E/F relay operated off a CT is used.
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STATOR EARTH FAULT - 2
Standby E/F relay backs up the differential or restricted E/F protection when provided, against internal earth faults. For resistance grounded TG,with low E/F in feeds, lower ratio neutral CT can be selected, achieving optimum sensitivity.
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INDUCTION TYPE IDMT RELAY
Inverse with Definite Minimum Time characteristic relay: Has definite minimum time to operate due to self braking effect of fluxes that produce torque.
DEFINITEMINIMUMTIME
Time
Current
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OVER-CURRENT RELAY INDUCTION TYPE
TRIP
Fluxes due to primary and secondary windings, separated in phase, produce a torque on disc, which is restrained by a spring. In case of over- -current,disc moves and closes the trip contacts.Time of travel and over-current settings can be
altered. CURRENT
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REVERSE POWER RELAYWhen power flows normally, fluxes in windings tend to rotate disc away from trip contact. When it flows in reverse direction, torque is in opposite direction and trip contacts close.Relay is made sensitive by having a very light control spring.
TRIP
CURRENT
VOLTAGE
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STATOR EARTH FAULT - 3 IDMT TYPE RELAY 64S
64S 64S
STATORWINDING
LOWRATIO CT
SOLID EARTHING RESISTANCE EARTHING
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STATOR EARTH FAULT - 4RELAY 64S FOR HIGH IMPEDANCE EARTH
64S
64S
LOAD RESISTANCEDISTBN.
TRANSF.
VOLTAGE OPERATEDNEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT SENSITIVE CURRENT IDMT TYPE 5-20 V OPERATED
STATORWINDING
LR
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STATOR EARTH FAULT - 4
Earth fault relay is normally used along with follower timer for a sensitive setting or 2 stage protection using 2 relays used.
1st stage with sensitive setting ~ 5% with a follower timer and second with coarser setting say 10% with instantaneous trip.
They cover 90-95% of winding. For 100%, sub harmonic voltage injection or 3rd harmonic voltage comparison based relay is used.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS SAMPTH & PRATAPKUMAR ENGLISHELECTRIC
Phase to ground fault, depending upon fault location, increases elect. stresses on unaffected winding. Probability of 2nd ground fault increases.
Serious damage may result, if a fault occurs near to neutral and is then followed by a 2nd fault higher up in same phase.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 2
This 2nd fault may result from insulation deterioration caused by transient over- -voltages due to erratic, low current unstable arcing of the 1st fault.
2nd fault may result in high currents.
To cover entire winding with earth fault protection, three methods are used:
1. Measurement of 3rd harmonic at generator neutral voltage.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 3
2. Deliberate displacement of neutral potential with respect to ground, by injecting a voltage, at a sub-multiple of power frequency.
3. Comparison of 3rd harmonic voltages generated at both: neutral and line ends of the winding.
English Electric uses 3rd method.
3rd harmonic voltage builds up across capacitive impedance of phase to ground
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 4
Due to ground impedance, neutral shall also have 3rd harmonic voltage to earth.
Actual 3rd harmonic voltage is 1- 3 % of rated voltage at no load. At loads, it can be 0.5 to 2.5 times the no load value. However ‘VN3 / VL3’ remains constant.
When fault occurs at point F, VN3 / VL3 ratio changes. Difference of VN3 & VL3 as a % of V3, is sensed by relay PVMM.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 5
There is a blind zone when the ratio VN3 / VL3 remains same in healthy as well as in fault condition. Relay shall not sense the fault. This is taken care of by the usual 95% winding coverage relay tuned to 50 Hz.Relay stability depends upon availability of both neutral and line voltages. Later can disappear if VT fuse blows.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 6 SAMPTH & PRATAPKUMAR ENGLISHELECTRIC
VT fuse health is monitored by a circuit consisting of a reed relay which gets energized if the fuse fails.
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 7 SAMPTH & PRATAPKUMAR, ENGLISHELECTRIC
N L 0 0.2 0.6 1.0 FAULT POSITION
VL3VN3
BLIND ZONE
BLIND ZONE
N LF
Q: HEALTHYF: FAULTY
V3N L
RnVN3
VL3
V3
VN3VL3
VN3VL3
V3
VN3F
VN3Q
VL3FVL3Q
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STATOR GROUND FAULTS - 8 SAMPTH & PRATAPKUMAR, ENGLISHELECTRIC
G
NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENTDETECTOR UNIT
3rd HARMONIC VOLTAGE COMPARATOR
GROUNDTRANSFORMER
LINE PT
PVMM RELAY INPUTS
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL
It is a unit protection, covering both phase and earth faults within machine. Protection zone is defined by CTs on neutral and line sides of stator winding.High impedance type protection, off CTs having identical ratio and rating used. CTs are low reactance type class PS with minimum turns ratio error and of identical magnetizing characteristics.
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 2
The relays are either current or voltage calibrated & tuned to system frequency to ensure stability on through faults in presence of 3rd harmonic currents and transient DC offsets in fault current.
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 3
87
87
87
RESISTORS
HIGH IMPEDANCERELAY
STATOR WDG.
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 4
64
64
STATOR WDG.RYBN
ADDL. CT IF EARTHING TAP OFF IS BEFORE THENEUTRAL CT
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 5
T
87
CT AACTIVE
CT BSATUR.
RST RCT
IS
VS
RL Lead Resistance
If/n
If
• Max. Vs that can appear under thro’ fault = If/n {RCT+2RL}Relay voltage setting to be >Vs.For current relay, choose RST
such that Is remains below relay setting.• CTs to have a knee point voltage >2Vs to ensure that current thro’ relay is > twice the setting current when internal fault occurs for fast & positive operation of the relay.
CT A (n/1) CT B (n/1)
87
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 6Associated CTs should have a knee point voltage of at least twice the setting voltage Vs, to ensure that the CTs push at least twice the setting current thro’ the relay on internal fault for fast and positive operation.Knee point voltage Vk of the CT is:
Vk => 2 Vs or Vk => 2 If/n { RCT + 2RL}
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 7
Associated CTs will see current inrush into Generator for an internal fault. This results in high peak voltage across relay and CT secondary pilots. This value may exceed 3 KV, so it is customary to use nonlinear resistors (Metrosits) across relay branch to limit such voltages within limits.
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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL - 8 BIASED DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
Biased differential relay is used when TG +GT are treated as single zone. Y GT is compensated by Y CT connection.For unit auxiliary transformers, CTs are provided on UAT tap off.
CT
Y
87
YY
G T Y
UATET Y
INTERPOSING CT
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UNBALANCED LOADING SH Y. K. PANDHARIPANDE NASIK 1999
Unbalanced loads in TG cause negative sequence currents to flow. These create synchronous field in reverse direction.This field produces 2f (100Hz) currents to flow on rotor surface & intense heat.Negative sequence relay give alarm if I2 increases preset value and trip the m/c if I2²•t exceeds limit. Alarm is set at 80% of I2²•t trip value and instant trip at 100%
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46
ZB ZR
R
Y
B
UNBALANCED LOADING NEGATIVE SEQUENCE RELAY ‘46’
IR
VR
IYIB VB
IB IR
VR + VB = 0 IR
VR
IB
IY
VR + VB
VB
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ROTOR EARTH FAULTFirst or single rotor earth fault is detected based on DC injection principle. This method requires access to field circuit.For brushless exciters often instrument slip rings are provided to which relay can be connected.Relay is time delayed and mostly made to initiate alarm. It can detect fault even during machine standstill condition.
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ROTOR EARTH FAULT - 2
ExAUX ACSUPPLY
RELAY FIELDWINDING
+
-
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ROTOR EARTH FAULT - 3 SH Y K PANDHARIPANDE, NASIK JUL 1999
If first earth fault appears, it is essential to protect rotor from second earth fault damage which is severe.This is brought in service in steps using 4 position selector switch. Relay is based on disturbed bridge balance which appears on first fault. By adjusting on a potentiometer, bridge is balanced. 2nd fault shall flow current thro’ 64R2 to trip.
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ROTOR EARTH FAULT - 4 SH Y K PANDHARIPANDE, NASIK JUL 1999
ExAUX ACSUPPLY
+
-
+
TRIP
1st E/FBalanceTest2nd E/F
64R2 mA
POTENTIOMETER
2nd
1st
64R1
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1st ROTOR EARTH FAULT
ExAUX ACSUPPLY
+
-
1st E/F
POTENTIOMETER
E/F
ACA - PROT - 48 / 80
64R1
•Bridge gets unbalanced.•Relay 64 R1 gets signal.•Alarm is initiated.
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BALANCE POSITION
ExAUX ACSUPPLY
+
-
+
mA
1st E/FBalanceTest2nd E/F
POTENTIOMETER
1st E/F
64R1
mA HAS NO CURRENT
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TESTING FOR BALANCE
ExAUX ACSUPPLY
+
-
+
TRIP
1st E/FBalanceTest
64R2 mA
POTENTIOMETER
1st
64R1
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2ND ROTOR EARTH FAULT
Ex
+
-
+
TRIP
1st E/FBalanceTest2nd E/F
64R2 mA
POTENTIOMETER
2nd
1st
RELAY 64 R2 GETSOUT OF BALANCECURRENT & INITIATESTRIPPING
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FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION SH Y K PANDHARIPANDE, NASIK JULY 1999
Failure of brushgear,accidental opening of FCB, failure of AVR cause field loss.
Two types of relays used: Under current type and Offset MHO relay.
Under current relay, set at <8% If, that is < min. field current, is used with follower timer. To overcome slip freq. currents OFF delay and ON delay timers used.
Unsuitable for large TGs - Ifo is small.
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E
50
ALARM / TRIP
FCB
D.R.
FIELDWINDG.
EXCITATION
50:FIELD UNDER CURR RELAYT1 OFF DELAY TIMER 0.1-1ST2 ON DELAY TIMER 0.1-1S
T1
T2
FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION - 2 UNDER CURRENT RELAY
The relay requires access to field hence limitation for its use for brushless systems.
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Offset MHO relay monitors impedance at TG terminals. Without field, machine draws reactive current from system, the terminal impedance shifts from1st to 4th quadrant on the R - X plane and settles within the relay characteristic. Field failure protections are used with 1.5- 2 sec delay to ensure transient free operation.
FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION - 3 MHO TYPE RELAY
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FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION - 4 MHO TYPE RELAY - 2
For large TGs, it is supplemented by under voltage relay, which overrides time delay. This ensures stability when field failure occurs say at full load & accompanied by drop in stator voltage. System is not strong enough to support VAR needs of the generator.
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FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION - 5 MHO TYPE RELAY - 3
MHO relay settings are: TG with rotor angle of 90° & no leading PF operation:
Offset = 0.50 Xd’ Diameter = Xd TG
with rotor angle of upto 120° and likely leading PF operation:
Offset = 0.75 Xd’ Diameter= 0.5 Xd
OFFSET
DIA
X
R
OFFSET MHO RELAY
LOCUS
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BACK UP PROTECTION
It is provided for tripping, in case system faults are not cleared. For close up faults, AVR may not be able to boost voltage and hence low fault current levels obtained. Voltage controlled over-current relays are used.The relay is designed to become more sensitive with voltage reduction and operates positively, even if fault current is less than rated.
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BACK UP PROTECTION - 2
Voltage controlled over-current relays are applied for directly connected m/cs. Relay characteristic shifts from over- current to fault when input voltage falls below preset level.
The relay is time coordinated with the down stream back up protections. CURRENT
TIM
E S
ec28
2114 7
0
OVERLOAD
FAULT
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BACK UP PROTECTION - 3
For unit connected generators, single step offset MHO relay is used for back up impedance protection along with a follower timer.Relay is set to cover longest emanating line from station bus bars. Effect of in-feeds from parallel generator is also taken into account while setting the relay to the extent permitted by load.
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BACK UP PROTECTION - 4
21
51NBACK UPIMPEDANCERELAY
GEN VT
EARTHING TRANSF.
LR
GEN GEN TRANSF
STANDBY E/F RELAY
Zset = ZT + n • ZL
ZT is gen transf. leakage impedance, ZL longest line impedance, n=No of TGs.in //. Upper limit of Zset decided by max load on TG & 80% load impedance
INTERPOSING VT
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BACK UP PROTECTION - 5
Since relay is connected at TG voltage level but measures line impedance(thro’ GT impedance),input voltage from VT is phase corrected by providing Y VT to compensate phase shift due to Y GTBack up imped. relay caters for ph to ph or 3 ph faults on the line. E/F back up is provided by standby E/F relay 51N operated off neutral CT on GT side.
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ANTI MOTORING PROTECTION
For steam turbine sets, motoring power is about 0.5 - 6% of rated. Lower for condensing & higher for back pressure. Gas turbines may draw 10 - 15% rated.Reverse power relay with time delay is used. While sensitive relay with about 0.5% power setting is required for STG, coarser setting of about 3% for gas turbine/engine driven sets is used.
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OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
Over voltages may occur due to sudden load throw off and consequent turbine over-speeding. Although AVR controls voltages and speed governors control speed, back up may be required.Usually definite time over voltage relay is used. The relay should have high drop off /pick up ratio and preferably be of continuously adjustable setting.
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FREQUENCY PROTECTION
Multi stage under frequency schemes are applied. Cumulative timers along with under frequency relays are used to initiate alarms, to isolate machine for a shut down if cumulative operation exceeds limits.Over frequency relays are used as a back up to mechanical over-speed protection.Under / over frequency relays are time delayed to prevent transient operation.
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OVER FLUXING PROTECTION
It is used to prevent over-fluxing of GT.Over-fluxing relay measures V/f ratio - an index of over-fluxing. Typical V/f settings are: 1 - 1.3 on 110V/50Hz basis. Relays are definite time or inverse time versions with pre-trip alarm for corrective steps.Since immediate isolation of GT is not required, relay is provided with adjustable time delay thus also preventing transients
![Page 61: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
DEAD MACHINE PROTECTION
TG is protected at standstill or on barring gear, from accidental energisation.A high speed protection involving current detection in all three phases trips EHV breaker. Supplemented with under voltage relays, protection is coordinated to prevent mal-operation for close in faults.
![Page 62: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
NUMERICAL PROTECTION
Microprocessor based protection is user friendly with configurable software-based tripping matrix. It has also the following: Continuous self monitoring; facility to communicate with station control & with remote load dispatch control, reducing cabling.Events recording;flexible relay settings & reduction in CT / VT burden are possible
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NUMERICAL PROTECTION - 2
It has a library of protection functions that make it easy to apply, replacing large no. of discrete relays and reduction in panelsProtection functions in numerical relays are defined by software,resulting in better algorithms for individual functions and capability to adapt to changed operating conditions.Comprehensive multi-function MP-based generator protection relay is developed.
![Page 64: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
TRIPPING MODES
Shut down or simultaneous tripping: Cl. A or interlocked / sequential trip: Class B.Class A trips ST, TG, field breaker & unit aux. transformer LV breaker together.TG differential, overall diff., stator E/F, GT UAT, restricted E/F,2nd rotor E/F, back up impedance or over-current protections initiate instant trip of whole unit on severe electrical faults.
![Page 65: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
TRIPPING MODES - 2
Class B is applied where elec. isolation of TG can be delayed. ST trips immediately. Tripping of TG,UAT, field circuit breaker is interlocked with low forward power relay. This avoids over-speeding of TG.Mode ‘Class D’ is provided for GTG which involves tripping of GCB & excitation only. GT is not tripped. It can spin at no load w/o overspeeding. Cl A trip affects GT life.
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GEN PROT CKT
81C
59F2
40 59F1
81A
27
32A
32A
32A
67W
67W 67W
21
60PR60PY 60P60PB
TO RELAYS 32A,32B&67W
TO CT CKT OF AVR
TO RELAYS 40.50A,50S,21,50UT,32C&46
TO GEN INTERTURN DIEFFERENTIAL
TO GT OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL
87G
64A64B64C
CB1/9 33AZ
CT RATIO 10000/5A
PT RATIO 16.5KV/110V
R Y B
![Page 68: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
86G+ 250V DC SUPPLY -250V DC SUPPLY
FS 905LT1966
87G
64F2
87INT
64A
64BCB/9-152b 50ST
64CX
86M
86BO
86T
86R
86STA
67WT
32AT
CB1/9-33A
8AR
81/94HS300
1K
86G
FS906
DIFFERENTIAL PROT
SECOND ROTOR EARTH FAULT
INTERTURN DIFFERENTIAL
STATOR GROUND FAULT-91%
STATOR GROUND FAULT-96%
STARTUP OVERCURRENT
STARTUP GROUND FAULT
REVERSE POWER
LOW FORWARD POWER
EXCITATION PROT
UNDER FREQ. IF HL OR AVR BYPASSED
![Page 69: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
996
2BX
87GT
63GX1
63GX2
FDX1
86M
86BO
67WX
86T
86R
86STA
32BT
87UT
64AUT
196A2429
CB1/9 33AZ 59FY1
86GT
BUS BAR DIFF.-87C OR 87B,
BREAKER BACK UP PROT. 50B, 50BN
GT DIFFERENTIAL
GT BUCHOLZ RELAY
UT BUCHOLZ RELAY
LOW FORWARD / REVERSE POWER PROT
UT DIIFFERENTIAL
UT RESTRICTED EARTH FAULTTRANSFER BUS DIFFERENTIAL-87A
OVERFLUXING STAGE-2
+ 250V DC SUPPLY - 250V DC SUPPLY86GT
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86M RELAY
86MLT511
30B
40GZ
46T
60AR
CB1/933AZ 59FX3
81CT
GT WDG TEMP HI 850 C
LOSS OF EXCITATION 0.5 SEC
NEGATIVE SEQ PROT
GEN FIELD CB TRIP-0.8 SEC
OVER FLUXING-1+ 30 SEC
HIGH FREQ- 51.5 + 10 SEC
+ 250V DC SUPPLY
FS 905 FS 906
- 250V DC SUPPLY
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86T+
-
48V DC
48V DC
R1187
R1194
R1188
R1191
R1190R1192
86T
FS693
FS694
86T
EX.HOOD TEMP
CONDENSER VACCUM
LUB.OIL PRESSUE LOW <0.3 KG/CM2
THRUST WIER
![Page 72: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
86B RELAY
86BLT5113
51G
64BUT
+ 250V DC SUPPLY
FS 907 FS 908
- 250V DC SUPPLY
60X1 21T
94BX
64AGT
64AXT
64BXUT
GT BACK UP VER CURRENT
BACK UP IMPEDENCE
GT BACK UP EARTH FAULT
UT BACK UP PROTECTION
GT BACK UP E/F THRO AUX RELAY COTACT
UT BACK UP OVER CURRENT
UT BACK UP O/C THRO AUX RELAY CONTACT
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+250VDC
86G 86GT 86B 86M 86STA 86R 86T 86BO
20COX
SV883
20COX
63QRB
PS94063QRA
PS939
TURBINE TRIP
- 250VDC
![Page 74: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
63QRA
63QRB
20COX20X
HS566 TEST
CB1/3-33AY
PS815
32CX
60Y1
20X
CB
1/3-
33A
Y
SV884
20X
20Y
20Z20
XY
Z-1
20X
YZ
-2
20X
YZ
-320Y 20Z
63QSA63QPX
63C
27E
+250VDC FDR-23
-250V DC
NRV SV
NRV SV
TURBINE TRIP
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CB OPERATION-TRIPT N C
152L
152a
152TCB 9- 3T
143A
86GT
86B
86G
996
81/94
27T
98
152b
+250VDC
- 250VDC
FS903FS904
L R
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CB OPERATION-CLOSE+250VDC
- 250VDC
+250VDC
- 250VDC
163A
163AX
163AX
152C
152Y
152R
152B
152CC
152CC
152CC
152L143A
152C
T N C L R
152R-b 152Y-b 152B-b
L R
FSFS
FS
FSCB-9 3C
27C
27C
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CIES VALVE CONTROL+48V DC
63QRF
63QRFX
HS LOCAL/REMOTE
OPENCLOSE
20WAO20WAC
63QRG-1
63QRGX
63QRH-1
63QRHX
- 48V DC
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+250V DC
FS7
FS9
FS10 FS8
- 250V DC
20WAO
20WA- 1
20WAC
96WA
20WAM
OPEN
CLOSE
20WAC
20WAO
13127
96WA
63QRGHH
72QR-4
96WA
A
20WA
R13127
FS13
63QRFX
72QR
72QRCLOSE
TRIP
FS14
CIES VALVE CONTROL
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SPEEDER GEAR
R1116-1
R1123-2
R1133-1
R1124-1
R1128-1
R1127
RAISE
R1123-1
R1985-1
R1116-1OPEN AT 94%
SPEED &LESS
R1128
LOWER
R1127-1
R1124
63QSB(PS-949)
OPEN AT NO LOAD
R1134-163QSD(PS933) OPEN AT NO
LOAD
R1129
R1985
65S1 CLOSES
FOR
< 94% SPEED
- 48V DC
+ 48V DC
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SPEEDER GEAR AUTO/MAN+48VDC
- 48VDC
HS816 AUTO HS816 SYNCHS816 MANUAL
18L
18R
R1133 R1134
R1132(TDPU)
1TDO 100msR1131
R1116
R1124-3
R1114
R1132R1131
CB 1/9 33AYG-1
-81
-94
A
HS HS HS
RAISERAISE RAISERAISE
LOWER LOWER LOWER
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SPEEDER GEAR MOTOR
AC
RO
MA
G R
EL
AY
SER
VO
AM
P
POW
ER
PA
CK
1.5K
7575
75
R11
31
R11
27 R11
28
3 75
4-20
mA
R1127(RAISE)
R1128(LOWERR1123
R1985
R1127
R1128
FS688
FS687FS685
20COX
R1123
FS686
+ 48DC
- 48DC - 48DC
+ 48DC
GOVERNOR CIRCUIT
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GEN UNLOADING+ 48VDC
- 48VDC
20COX
R1123R1124
R1120R1122R1150R1121R1117
R1122R1120
R1117
R1121R1150
R1121
R1150
STATOR FLOW vlow
STATOR FLOW vlow
STATOR FLOW vlow
STATOR COND HIGH
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LP SPRAY COOLING+ 48VDC
- 48VDC
1R
----
1
TDR/1-TDO
TDR/1-TDO
1R
----(SCR)
1
SV-874
R1963
GS-939
CLOSE WHEN CV FULLY CLOSE
PS-889
63V
CLOSE COND VAC<660mm
Hs
override
Close SOP
<3.17
CLOSE ON CV FULLY OPEN
R-1963-1
W A
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NRV CONTROL ED
20XYZ
LS859CLOSES ON VH LEVEL IN HPHR-6
20N1
SV 870 DE-EN TO CLOSE
4311 V-5
+ 250 V DC
- 250 V DC- 250 V DC
20N1Y 20N2Y 20N3Y 20N4Y 20N9Y
![Page 85: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
- 250 V DC
NRV CONTROL ED-CONTD
20N1Y
20N5X
SV-875
20N5
63QPX
20N5X GS 977
20N5X
20N5X
A
+ 250 V DC
20N1Y/20N5X – HPHTR
20N2Y/20N6X –LP HTR
20N3Y/2N7X
20N4Y/20N8X – RHTR( RH)
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TURBINE SOLENOID RESET
- 250 V DC
+250 V DC + 48VDC
- 48VDC
20M1X
20M1X 20M2X
20M2X
20M1 20M25EX
![Page 87: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
+48V DC
CLOSE ON RAISE
CLOSE ON LOWER
33Qy 33Qy
33ay 33ay
Close for speed >106% Close for full load & above
Close at 94% speed
R 1127
R 1128
R 1131
R 1889
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Differential Protection Relay – 87G
Type CAG 34 – High speed high impedance relayIt is a current relay attractive Armature – ACCurrent setting Range 0.1 to 0.4 Amps.Relay set at 0.2 Amps.Flag 87 GR, 87 GY, 87 GB (3 phases)
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Inter Turn Protection Relay – 81 INT
Type – CAG 34, High speed high impedance RelayCurrent Relay Attractive Armature – ACCurrent Setting Range 0.1 to 0.4 Amps.Relay set at 0.2 Amps.Flag 87 INT R; 87 INT Y; 87 INT B (3 phases)
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Stator Ground Fault Relay – 64A
Type – VDG 14 – Voltage Induction Disc type – ACAVX voltage 250V DCVoltage setting range 12.5V to 20V seal in typeRelay plug set at 12.5 volts.Time multiplier – 0.2
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Stator Ground Fault Protection Relay – 64B
Type VDG 14 – Voltage operated Induction Disc type – ACVoltage setting range 12.5 to 20V seal in typeRelay plug set at 5.4 voltsTime multiplier – 0.3
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Loss of Excitation Protection Relay - 40
Type – YCGF – Field Failure Relay, Off set mho type (Gen Asynchronous running detection relay)Z1 = K3 + K4
Z2 = K1 + K5
K1 = 1 (Range 0.75 to 1)K2 = 3.5 (0.5 to 4)K3 = 0.5 (0-1)
Contd.
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Loss of Excitation Protection Relay – 40 Contd.
K4 = 3 (0.5 – 3)K5 = 25.9 (6.95 to 50)Off set = Z1 = K2 = K3+K4 = 3.5Circle = Z2 = K1 x K5 = 25.9
Operates through timer VAT {Definite time delay type} 40 (2B) – 2 sec. Range [2-10 Sec.]
Contd.
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Loss of Excitation Protection Relay – 40 Contd.
Under Voltage Protection for Field Failure-27Instantaneous under voltage relay type VAGM 22Attractive Armature Voltage RelayAC U/V or O/V relay with variable settings and high drop off / of pick up ratioRange 44 – 88 volts; set at 73.2 volts
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Unbalance current protection relay – 46, 46A
(Negative Sequence Current Protection)Type CTN – Negative sequence relay with inverse time characteristicStatic RelayI2S K3
7.5 110 1.78 Plug set at 7.5%
Contd.
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Unbalance current protection relay – 46, 46A Contd.
15 420 7.130 16 [I2/In]2t=K1K3;In
=5 amps
![Page 97: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Negative Sequence O/C Alarm Relay – 46A
Range 70% -100% of tripSet at 70% (70% of 7.5)Timer 5 Sec. (fixed)
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Low Forward Power Relay – 32A / 32B
Type WCD 11 – High speed polyphase sensitive power relayFixed setting relay type; Sensitivity <0.5%Low forward power relay operates through a timer relay VAT 11Definite time delay relay Type 32 AT – 2.5 Sec., 32 BT – 6.5 seconds
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Reverse Power Protection Relay – 67W
Type WCD 11 Polyphase reverse power relayFixed setting relay, sensitivity < 0.5%Operates through a timer VAT 11 (Range 0.5 – 3 sec.)67 Wt set at 2.5 sec.
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Under Frequency / Over frequency Relays(Combined Unit Static Relays)
Type FCX 103 b of Hindustan Brown Boveri81A / 81 AT81B / 81 BT81C / 81 CT81 / 94 – Timer81 A – Under frequency at 47.77 Hz
Contd.
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Under Frequency / Over frequency Relays(Combined Unit Static Relays) Contd.
81 B – Under frequency at 47.5 Hz81 C – Over frequency at 51.5 Hz81 AT set at 3 Sec; 81 BT set at 0.5 sec = Range 0.1 to 99.9 sec.81 CT set at 10 Sec. = Range 6 to 60 sec.81/94 T set at 1 sec; Time delay relay type VTT – Static timer (0.1 to 99.9 sec.)
![Page 102: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Backup Protection Relay - 21
Type ZAUM 71 – Definite time Impedance RelayGenerator Under Impedance Protection relayFlags 21 R, 21 Y, 21B; 21 Rx, 21 Yz, 21BxTiming set at 2 seconds (Range 2-10 sec.)
Contd.
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Backup Protection Relay – 21Contd.
Impedance Setting = 17.3 x ZZ = K1 + K2
K1 = 0 K2 = 0K1 = 0
K2 = 4 K2 = 4K2 = 4
BZ AZ CZZ = 1,732 x 4 = 6.928
![Page 104: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Start up E/F Protection Relay – 64C
Instantaneous over voltage relayType DBA 4 (of AEI-UK) – Moving coil relay with variable settings and a single adjustable setting.Relay operates on rectified DC voltage.Range 5 – 20 voltsRelay set at 7.5 volts
![Page 105: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Start up over current protection relay – 50S
Type CAU-39 Definite time O/C relay(range 20-80% of 5A) operates on rectifiedDC
current Plug set at 1 AmpsTiming range 0.05 to 3 sec; Set at 0.5 sec.
![Page 106: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Rotor Earth Fault Protection Relay – 64F
Type –VME21 – Rotor E/F relay (field ground)Flag – 64 Fx; Relay uses a sensitive balanced armature polarised element.Fixed setting relay – operates at 1.8MA.
![Page 107: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
2nd Rotor E/F Protection Relay
Type – CAEM 33Fixed setting 1 mA.
![Page 108: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Generator Field O/C Protection Relay – 1.0C R
Type – DBB 4; moving coil relay variable settings to adjustable settings.Set at 1.75 IFR (4000 A) Operates through the Timer 3TR
![Page 109: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Generator Field O/V Protection Relay – 1.0V R
Type – VAGMSetting steps : 121, 126.5, 132, 137.5, 143, 148.5, 154 voltsSet at 143 volts (normal 110 volts); operates through the timer 3 TR.L43 corresponds to 520 volts (excitation voltage).
![Page 110: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
BEST WISHES
TO UU ALL
![Page 111: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
63QRA (PS 939) ) Relay oil pressure after main trip valve. `NO’
63QRB (PS 940) ) contact closes for pr > 3.52 Kg/cm2 .
So 20COX is energised and 20COX `NO’ contact is in closed condition.
Whenever a protection relay (86G, 86GT, 86B, 86M, 86STA, 86R, 86T, 86BO) acts, SV-883 pick up and trip signal is initiated.
Turbine Trip
![Page 112: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
PS-815: Pressure switch in Bled steam to deaerator line set to Close at 1.0 Kg/cm2 rising pressure, opens at 0.9 Kg/cm2.
32 CX : `NC’ contact closes when the generator power output is more than 80 MW (30%).
60 Y1 : `NC’ contact closes when voltage is normal.
20X : relay pick up either on CB-1/9 open (33AY) or on dropping of wattmetric relay, provided 4th Extraction pressure > 0.9 Kg/cm2. Then OLG SV-884 energises and …..
Turbine Trip
![Page 113: Generator Protection](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050706/55cf994e550346d0339cb13e/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Turbine Trip
63C : Differential pressure between Condenser and Deaerator `NO’ contact closes when /\ P > 0.21 Kg/cm2.
Normally 20X, 20Y & 20Z relays are de-energised and So 20 XYZ-1,-2 , -3 are picked up condition whenever turbine trip signal goes, 20X/20Y,20Z relay energise, drop out 20XYZ relays and all reheater valves closes on turbine trip.
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143A : Selector Switch for Local or Remote
152L : Selector Switch for Trip, Normal or Close.
152a : When CB is in closed condition, this contact close.
152T : CB Trip Coil
152b : When CB is in open condition, this contact closes.
98 : Supervision relay to check healthiness of trip coil circuit when the CB is in open condition.
CB93T: When the CB is selected to Remote, Circuit breaker can be tripped only through 3T relay.
Any protections acts, directly 152T pick up through the Lock out relay and tripping will be initiated.
27T : Under voltage relay to supervise supply healthiness.
CB TRIP
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152C : CB closing coil
152CC : Once 152C pick up and the contact closes, 152CC of each phase energises and CB closes.
163AX: If pole discrepancy do not exist, 163AX contact closes and permits 152C Coil to pick up whenever closing signal initiated through Local or 3C/relay.
27C : Under voltage relay to supervise the closing coil circuit supply healthiness when the CB is in open condition.
CB CLOSE
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20 WAO : Opening relay for manual opening of CIES Valves from Local/Remote.
20 WAC : Closing relay for manual closing of CIES Valve from Local/Remote.
63QRH#1 : Relay oil pressure switch contact RH CIES Valve trip Cylinder – Closes below 8.43 Kg/cm2 .
63 QRG#1: Relay Oil pressure Switch CIES Valve trip Cylinder – closes below 8.43 Kg/cm2.
63 QRHX: Auxiliary relay for PS 63 QRH
CIES VALVE
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63 QRGX: Auxiliary relay for PS 63 QHG
63 QRF : Relay Oil Pressure Switch after main trip Valve – Contact set for 3.52 Kg/cm2.
63 QRFX : Auxiliary relay for PS 63 QRF.
Whenever closing or opening operations is done, 20 WAC or 20 WAO picks up.
Whenever turbine trip cylinder relay oil pressure falls below 8.43 kg/cm2, 63QRGX and 63QRHX pick up. Normally relay oil pressure after main trip valveis higher than 3.53 kg/cm2, 63QRF contact is in close condition and so 63QRFX is energised.
CIES VALVE
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20WAO : Opening relay contact20WAC : Closing relay contact96WA : Aux. Relay contact for LH CIES valve reset20WA-1} : Limit switch contact open when the LHCIES 20WA-2} valve is fully opened/closedR13127 : Permissive relay for closing of CIES valve to
the limit switch63QRGX-2 : LH CIES valve trip cylinder relay oil
pressure switch aux. Contact closes below 8.43 kg/cm2
72QR : Aux. Relay for 63QRF(latched)63QRFX : Relay oil pressure switch after the main trip
valve contact set for 3.52 kg/cm2 in trip condition
CIES VALVE
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While TG is running, whenever opening command is initiated through 20WAO ‘NO’ contact by closing and 20WAM operate in open direction. Similarly CIES valve can be closed closing of 20WAC ‘NO’ contact, since 13127 is also closed as long as 20WA-2(LS not acted) is in closed condition and 13127 relay is picked up.
During turbine trip, CIES valve trip cylinder pressure falls below 8.43 kg/cm2 63QRGX-2 closes and 96WA energises and then give closing signal directly to CIES valve closing coil
CIES VALVE
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65S1 : Limit switch on speeder gear, the contact close for speed less than 94%
R1128 :Aux. Relay for generator run down-manualR1985 : The relay energises on 65S1 contact closes,
open out ‘NC’ contact and prevent generator unloading
R1123 : Normally this relay is energised through 20COX’NO’ contact closed and so ‘NC’
contact in R1128 is open. Whenever turbine trips 20COX contact open, this relay de- energise and initiate generator unloading
SPEEDER GEAR
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SPEEDER GEAR
63QSD/ 63QSB} : Sensitive oil pressure switch (interceptor).Normal operation the contacts are closed and ‘NO’ contact of R1124 is in open condition. Whenever generator unloading is called from stator water flow very low or conductivity high,”NO’ contact of R1124 closes and R1128 pick up and unload generator.
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SPEEDER GEARR1116 : Aux. Relay- low vaccum unloadingR1134 : Interposing relay for speeder gear
lowering through HS in manual or synchro mode
R1127 : Aux. Relay for speeder gear power raise-manual
This relay can pick up and raise generator load through R1133 from manual/synchro. Power raise, provided turbine is not tripped and generator unloading is not existing
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SPEEDER GEARHS816 : Hand switch has three positions-
manual,synchro and autoR1133 : Aux. Relay for speeder gear raiseR1134 : Aux. Relay for speeder gear lowR1131 : Aux. Relay for auto pressure raise or
lower. This relay pick up on satisfying the following conditions
A:Under frequency does not existB:Breaker CB 1/9 closeC:Condenser vacuum is normal(R1114) so that dump valve is
not closed.D:Generator unloading does not existE:Condenser low vacuum unloading does not exist18R/18L :Raise/Lower contacts through HS auto synchro
mode
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R1131 : Aux. Relay contact- closed during auto pressure control for
speeder gear.R1127/1128: Aux. Relay for manual raise or lower ‘NO’
contact closes on manual action and ‘NC’ contact open for cutting BPC signal
R1889 : In manual mode, whenever raise or lower PB is pressed, it de-energise R1889. ‘NO’ contact is wired across the input terminals of servo amplifier and ‘NC’ contact is wired in the output circuit
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Gen-unloading
R1120 : Generator unloading will be initiated by energising this relay on two out of three logic relays(1117,1121,1150) by stator water flow very low
R1122 : Generator unloading will be initiated through stator water conductivity very high
R1124 : Timer relay for generator unloading