general theory of verbal humor

12
1 : 1 Abstract In this paper we focus on the analysis of humor as a means of doing youth identity. Our data consist of 123 oral humorous narratives, which appear in almost-13-hours conversations of 29 young males and females. We argue that, among the six knowledge resources proposed by the General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo 2001), the most relevant and important for our aim is the target of humor, which will help us establish what our young informants consider incongruous (and, hence, humorous) and, at the same time, worth laughing at. Consequently, information regarding their identity would emerge from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. - , , , , , . 1. , . , (Androutsopoulos 1999: 25). . (target), . , . ( , Attardo 2001), , ( ), . 2. , . , , .

Upload: others

Post on 12-Sep-2021

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: General Theory of Verbal Humor

1

: 1

Abstract

In this paper we focus on the analysis of humor as a means of doing youth identity. Our data consist of 123 oral humorous narratives, which appear in almost-13-hours conversations of 29 young males and females. We argue that, among the six knowledge resources proposed by the General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo 2001), the most relevant and important for our aim is the target of humor, which will help us establish what our young informants consider incongruous (and , hence, humorous) and , at the same time, worth laughing at. Consequently, information regard ing their identity would emerge from the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data.

-

, , , , , .

1.

,

. ,

(Androutsopoulos 1999: 25).

. (target),

. ,

.

( , Attardo 2001),

,

( ),

.

2.

,

. ,

,

.

Page 2: General Theory of Verbal Humor

2

( . Attardo 1994),

(incongruity),

( ) .

, ,

. /

,

(script opposition

Raskin 1985).2 , , , ,

, , /

.

(jab lines)

. ,

.

(Hay 2001: 56),

.

: .

, Kotthoff

(contextualization cue)

(2000: 64).

,

( . Mulkay 1988: 93-119).

,

:

, - - , , ,

, , . . - -

«

» ( . Morreall 1983: 19, - 2001: 36-37).

,

/ .

, -

, -

. ,

,

.

Pike (1967),

(etic),

(Attardo 2001: 30-35 Attardo 2003: 1288),

Page 3: General Theory of Verbal Humor

3

(emic), (

, . Archakis Tsakona

).

3.

(target),

« » .

,

(knowledge resources) (Attardo 2001: 23-24).

, ,

.

.

/

(superiority/ hostility

theory

. Raskin 1985: 30-41, Attardo 1994: 49-50),

.

. ,

,

, ,

. ,

. , ,

( . Bergson 1998 [1900]).

,

,

,

,

.

,

.

4.

, 3,5

, 29 , (

),

( . Boxer

Cortes-Conde 1997: 274).

, ,

,

, , ,

Page 4: General Theory of Verbal Humor

4

/ / .

, .

, 2

,

.

,

:

( - ).

. ,

,

. ,

:

(1)

: / /

: / :/ -

- > < , / /

:

: Super B (1 )

/ /

: (1 )

: (1 ) ( ) , ,

(1 )//

: (1 )//

: , , , /, . (1 )

(1 ),

. (1 )

(( ))

(1)

( ):

(1 , 1 ,

1 ), (1 , 1 , 1 ),

(1 ) (1 ),

.

: (1 -1 ) (1 ).

.

,

.

. (

Page 5: General Theory of Verbal Humor

5

),

. ,

.

- . ,

« »

. , ,

,

,

( . Norrick 1993: 56-57, Boxer Cortes-

Conde 1997: 280 Holmes 2000).

:

(2)

: ,

> < ,

//(2 )

: //(2 )

: ,

, (2 )

,

/ /

: ,

: -

: / .

, , , > < ; (2 ) ,

, : // [ ].(2 )

: [(( ))]

: , ;

(2 )

. (2 )

: (( ))

: ,

, . (2 )

: . (2 )

: .

: . (2 )

,

: ,

(2 -2 ),

(2 -2 ).

(2 -2 ),

.

(2 -2 ), , ,

.

,

Page 6: General Theory of Verbal Humor

6

.

,

.

,

/ /

/ / (

, . Archakis Tsakona ).

5.

, 17-18 .3

. 7 12 , 335 (5,5 ),

82 , 9 17 ,

469 ( 7,5 ), 41 .

1,

:4

1.

57 (69,5%) 6 (7,3%) 19 (23,1%) 82

26 (63,4%) 9 (21,9%) 6 (14,6%) 41

83 15 25 123

1 :

-

.

-

.

-

/

.

-

.

-

.

Page 7: General Theory of Verbal Humor

7

,

-

( . 2002):

2.

-

42 (73,6%) 15 (26,3%) 57

20 (76,9%) 6 (23%) 26

3.

-

4 (66,6%) 2 (33,3%) 6

6 (66,6%) 3 (33,3%) 9

4.

-

10 (52,6%) 9 (47,3%) 19

2 (33,3%) 4 (66,6%) 6

2, 3 4

. ,

,

.

. ,

, ,

, ,

.

6.

. ,

,

, , .

( )

(

1).

Page 8: General Theory of Verbal Humor

8

. ,

/ / / ,

( 2)

,

. ,

( . Boxer Cortes-Conde 1997: 281, 283 Holmes 2000: 168-169).

. ,

/

/ (Brown Levinson 1987: 62). ,

( ) / ,

,

( 3-4) .

, /

/ ,

, / ( ) /

. Norrick

(1994: 423), ,

, - . ,

Holmes (2000: 174)

.

Antonopoulou Sifianou (2003)

. ,

.

,

,

. -

.

:

, , ,

. , ,

( . inclusive exclusive humor, Attardo 1994: 50).

( 1),

.

Page 9: General Theory of Verbal Humor

9

( , . Hay 2000: 710-714). ,

( )

. , (6

9), .

- ( ., . ., Georgakopoulou 1997, Kotthoff 2000). , ,

-

« » (Kotthoff 2000: 74-75).

, (4 6)

. , ,

( )

. -

- .

« » ( )

. , , .

.

(Eckert McConnell-Ginet

1992

. 2003) /

,

.

,

. ,

(bonding)

(biting) ( Boxer Cortes-

Conde 1997). ,

- -

( ) / / (Schiffrin 1996),

,

.

Page 10: General Theory of Verbal Humor

10

1

.

2

.

3 . , 2425 .

, . 2003.

4 ( ) , . Hay (2000), Kotthoff (2000), Crawford (2003).

Androutsopoulos, John K. 1999. Displays of subcultural identity in mediated (printed)

d iscourse . Language and ideology, Selected papers from the 6th International Pragmatics

Conference, Volume 1, ed . by Jef Verschueren, 24-42. Antwerp: International Pragmatics

Association.

Antonopoulou, Eleni & Maria Sifianou. 2003. Conversational dynamics of humour: he

telephone game in Greek . Journal of Pragmatics 35. 741-769.

Archakis, Argiris & Villy Tsakona. (

). Analyzing conversational data in GTVH

terms:

new approach to the issue of identity construction via humor . Humor:

International Journal of Humor Research.

, & . 2002. «

: ».

55. 29-50.

Attardo, Salvatore. 1994. Linguistic theories of humor. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Attardo, Salvatore. 2001. Humorous texts: A semantic and pragmatic analysis. Berlin: Mouton de

Gruyter.

Attardo, Salvatore. 2003. Introduction: The pragmatics of humor . Journal of Pragmatics 35.

1287-1294.

Bergson, Henri. 1998 [1990]. .

.

. : .

Boxer, Diana & Florencia Cortes-Conde. 1997. From bonding to biting: Conversational joking

and identity d isplay . Journal of Pragmatics 27. 275-294.

Brown, Penelope & Stephen C. Levinson. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crawford , Mary. 2003. Gender and humor in social context . Journal of Pragmatics 35. 1413-

1430.

Eckert, Penelope & Sally McConnell-Ginet. 1992. Think practically and look locally: Language

and gender as community-based practice . Annual Review of Anthropology 21. 461-490.

Georgakopoulou, lexandra. 1997. Narrative performances: A study of Modern Greek storytelling.

Amsterdam: Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hay, Jennifer. 2000. Functions of humor in the conversations of men and women . Journal of

Pragmatics 32. 709-742.

Page 11: General Theory of Verbal Humor

11

Hay, Jennifer. 2001. The pragmatics of humor support . Humor: International Journal of Humor

Research 14.1. 55-82.

Holmes, Janet. 2000. Politeness, power and provocation: How humour functions in the

workplace . Discourse Studies 2. 159-185.

Kotthoff, Helga. 2000. Gender and joking: On the complexities of women s image politics in

humorous narratives . Journal of Pragmatics 32. 55-80.

- , . 2001. , :

.

: .

Morreall, John. 1983. Taking laughter seriously. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Mulkay, Michael. 1988. On humor: Its nature and its place in modern society. Cambridge: Basil

Blackwell.

Norrick, Neal R. 1993. Conversational joking: Humor in everyday talk. Bloomington: Ind iana

University Press.

Norrick, Neal R. 1994. Involvement and joking in conversation . Journal of Pragmatics 22. 409-

430.

, & . 2003. «

». 23. 289-300.

Pike, Kenneth L. 1967. Language in relation to a unified theory of human behaviour. The Hague:

Mouton.

Raskin, Victor. 1985. Semantic mechanisms of humor. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company.

Schiffrin, Deborah. 1996. Narrative as self-portrait: Sociolinguistic construction of identity .

Language in Society 25, 167-203.

Page 12: General Theory of Verbal Humor

This document was created with Win2PDF available at http://www.daneprairie.com.The unregistered version of Win2PDF is for evaluation or non-commercial use only.