general solar technical information
TRANSCRIPT
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Fueling the Farm II
General Solar Technical Information
North Carolina Solar Center
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Why Solar Heating?
p Attractivep Self-sufficient.
p Environmentally friendly.
p Saves Money $$$.
p Saves Energy - The Sun is Free.
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The Solar Facts
p Effective surface temperature of 10,400 °F.
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The Solar Facts
p The amount of sunlight that falls on North Carolina on a typical day is equal to the total amount of energy we will consumer this year.
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The Solar Factsp The sun has been active for 4.6
billion years and has enough fuel for another 5 billion years, a sustainable energy source for many years to come.
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The Solar Facts
p For each typical solar hot water system installed, there is a reduction of over 4,500 lbs of CO2emitted into our North Carolina air each year.
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The Solar Facts
p For every 100 residential solar hot water systems installed in our state, approximately $25,000 will stay in the state each year and not leave for the purchase of electricity.
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What are the general components to a solar water
heating system?
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Solar Flat-Plate Collectors
p Absorber platepHousing
pGlazingp Insulation
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Evacuated Tube Collectors
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Heat Storage
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Means of Heat Transfer
pFluid (Water or propylene glycol)pPumps (AC, DC or natural convection)pHeat Exchanger (None, internal or
external)
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Controls
pDifferential ControllerpPV module
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Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC)
p Independent third-party certification organization
pCollector certification (OG 100)pWater Heating System Certification (OG 300)pSolar Swimming Pool Heating (OG 400)
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SRCC OG300 Systems
p Indirect Glycol(Heliodyne and SunEarth)pDrainback (Radco, Morley & Bobcat &
sun Solar Heating Systems)p Indirect Thermosyphon (Solahart)
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Orientation, Slope and Shading
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Solar Resource
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Do We Have to Face South?
3080 2940
2510
18901510
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
South Southeast East Northeast North
Ann
ual E
nerg
y Sa
ving
s (kW
h)
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Which Way is True South
pMust take magnetic declination into account (In NC declination if 5-10 degrees W of South).
pFor Raleigh, true south is 7 degrees west of magnetic south.
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What About Seasonal Changes?
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Sun Position
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Sun Position
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Sun Position
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So What About Slope?
2535
28462913 2964 2994 3010 3010 2989 2943
1520
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Horizontal (0º) 3/12 (14º) 4/12 (18.4º) 5/12 (22.6º) 6/12 (26.6º) 7/12 (30.3º) 8/12 (33.7º) 10/12 (39.8º) 12/12 (45º) Vertical (90º)
Ann
ual E
nerg
y Sa
ving
s (k
Wh)
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Orientation Effect on Annual Output
-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90
015
3045
6075
90Azimuth Angle
Slop
e
Annual Angle Modifier vs. Orientation Raleigh, NC
95%-100%90%-95%85%-90%80%-85%75%-80%70%-75%65%-70%60%-65%55%-60%50%-55%
Fraction of Maximum
East WestSouth
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Shading Can Be Critical
pShading can significantly reduce performance regardless of orientation.
pGood to conduct a site analysis.p Important to consider future growth of
surrounding trees.
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Sun Chart
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Orientation, Slope & Shading
pSouth facing, but OK +/- 45°pBest year round performance slope is
around latitude but most roof pitches will work.
pSpace heating will often require a steeper slope.
pA site with no shading is key. Make sure the solar window is open.
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What Size System Do I Need?
pCollector rule of thumb:• 10 - 18 ft2 per person
pStorage tanks rule of thumb:• 1.5 - 2.0 gallons per ft2 of collector area
pSingle tank vs. preheat tank.• Single more efficient, while preheat is
generally more comfortable.
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Tax Credit SummaryRenewable Technology Residential Non-residential
Biomass
35% $10,500 Per Installation
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Hydroelectric
35% $10,500 Per Installation
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Solar Energy Equipment for Domestic Water Heating
35% $1,400 Per Dwelling Unit
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Solar Energy Equipment for Active Space Heating
35% $3,500 Per Dwelling Unit
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Solar Energy Equipment for Combined Active Space and Domestic Hot Water Systems
35% $3,500 Per Dwelling Unit
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Solar Energy Equipment for Passive Space Heating
35% $3,500 Per Dwelling Unit
Solar Energy Equipment for Daylighting
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Solar Energy Equipment for Solar Electric or Other Solar Thermal Applications
35% $10,500 Per Installation
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
Wind
35% $10,500 Per Installation
35% $2,500,000 Per Installation
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Hot Water and Active Space Heating
pSystem must be installed by an appropriately licensed in NC contractor or, in the case of a residential installation by homeowner, in accordance with the North Carolina State building code and be inspected by a local code official.
pSystem shall provide adequate freeze protection, which does not rely on electrical power.
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Hot Water and Active Space Heating
pSpace heating systems shall also provide adequate overheating protection during the non-heating season.
pThe system must include an easy to understand way for the owner to determine if the system is operating properly.
p It is highly recommended that installed solar collectors be OG-100 certified by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC).
pRecommend OG-300 for water heating.
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For More Information...
Contact:Personal Taxes Division at
(919) 733-8510
or Corporate Excise & Insurance Tax Division at (919) 733-8510
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For More Information...
Contact the NC Solar Center atwww.ncsc.ncsu.edu1-800-33-NCSUN