General Slides for SOC120

Winter 2006Week 6

(Study Guide edited 3/09/10)

Class OutlineChapt Study GuideMT Vocabulary

Bakersfield Californian 10/17/06 page B1 [What does a critical thinker see!]

A Critical Thinking Problem

What does a critical thinker think/decide?

Kobe Bryant’s attorney at the pretrial asked “is it not true that the injuries the women was found to have could have been obtained by having sex with three different men”?

2 points---write on back of discussion part of midterm

A Critical Thinking Problem

What does a critical thinker think/decide?

1. Fallacy ad hominem “poisoning the well”

2. Suspend judgment on guilt—no reason given to accept or dismiss charges

Fortune Cookies• Luck is with you now

act upon your instincts

• Your opportunities are many

• You have firm convictions-stand strong behind them

Horoscopes

Do you read yours?Do you believe yourHoroscope?

Statisticians Story

What does a critical thinker think/do?

A non swimming statistician calculated the average depth of a creek was 3 foot so he just ran in and started across."

CT Thoughts

a. Summary statistics hide a lot of information? b. Do the statistics provided give you the information

you want or need? c. Statistics don’t lie but people using statistics do?

He drowned!

The statistical average is the mathematical center of the numbers, hidden are the highs and lows of the depth of the creek. What is needed is the range---The high and Low

Further thoughts, which central tendency do you use?: (1) You are a worker at Frito Lay and want to make a case for

increased salary. (2) You are the superintendent of Frito Lay and want to make

the case that no salary increase is needed.

Week 6:• (a) What is a fallacy? (b) Two ways to make a fallacy?• Review week 5 (1. Pity d/Ex, Ecpt 2 “everyone knows Def/Ex Ecpt, 3 Argument fm

Popularity Def/Ex, Ecpt 4 Smokescreen/redherring Def/Ex 9How related to other fallacies)5 Rationalization 6. Two Wrongs Def/Ex, Ecpt, 6 Relativism-subjectivism W5S14,15)

• Discuss Class Project Part II, issue groups and add to web-Search for a web source with info about one of class debate issues

(1) Gay Marriage/Adoption , (2) Euthanasia (3) Illegal Alien Licenses , (4) Drinking Age (5) TV and Children, bad language [use web versions of issues]

• Review Internet search with laptops “Review Search Basics” + Boolean logic --chocolate - Share sites and search method - Start web site credibility criteria

• Different sites for different information (e.g. NPR, Newspapers)• Evaluate credibility exercise with laptops • A03—Due Group evaluations, pencil changes, and turn in.• Midterm S11

MIDTERM LAST CLASS DAY OF WEEK 61st Slide

CT Thoughts

A man is getting into the shower just as his wife is finishing up her shower when the doorbell rings. After a few seconds of arguing over which one should go and answer the doorbell, the wife gives up, quickly wraps herself up in a towel and runs downstairs.

When she opens the door, there stands Bob, the next door neighbor.Before she says a word, Bob says, "I'll give you 800 dollars to drop that towel you have on."

After thinking for a moment, the woman drops her towel and stands naked in front of Bob. After a few seconds, Bob hands her 800 dollars and leaves. Confused, but excited about her good fortune, the woman wraps back up in the towel and goes back upstairs. When she gets back to the bathroom, her husband asks from the shower "Who was that?"

"It was Bob the next door neighbor," she replies."Great," the husband says, "did he say anything about the 800 dollars he

owes me?"

Humor about corporate responsibility/Ethics

MORAL OF THE STORY: If you share critical information pertaining to credit and risk in time with your stockholders, you may be in a position to prevent avoidable exposure.

In broad terms providing information is the better policy.

C6 Terms: Make your own study outline 8th ed.

• Fallacy Def/Ex/Exception Review C5• Ad homonym [p173b] Personal attack [p174t]

Inconsistency [p174t] except:appeal to “fair play” Circumstantial [p175b] Pseudorefutation [p176t] Poisoning the well [p176m]

Genetic fallacy [p176b] Positive ad hominym [p176b]

• Strawman [p177bt”relience on unknown fact”]

• False dilemma [p179t] Perfectionist fallacy [p???t]

Line-drawing fallacy [p182t]

Slippery slope [p182b] Begging the question [p187t]

Burden of proof Civil ~text Legal ~text

Special circumstance War? ~Me

All fallacies for C1-C6 study for finalUnderlined required for A03

1st Slide

MT Review: C1-C6, Class, Assignments1. C1 Critical Thinking overview (Vs Logic) [A01]2. C2 Clear Writing: errors in writing spelling, grammar, redundancy,

complexity (pedantic), prolixity (verbose or wordy), ambiguity (syntactic and/or semantic), Fallacy of division, Fallacy of composition, comparisons, vagueness, writing and diversity [A02, Sched W2 links]

3. C3 Credibility [Eval a source Sched W4 Crime]: Source/Claim…(A01+ magazine exercise)

4. C4 Rhetoric: Euphemisms, Dysphemisms, Rhetorical (a) comparisons (b) definitions, (c) explanations, Innuendo, Loaded Questions, Weaslers (Scientific writing), Down players, Horse laugh/ridicule/sarcasm, hyperbole, proof surrogate, persuasive comparison, sarcasm (stereotype), Subway napkin exercise

5. C5 Fallacies: A03 [F05W5S5, F05W5S10]6. Fallacies review: Subjectivism Relativism [W5S12], Poisoning the well [S2,

S3], 7. Etc. Statistics [S6, S7]

MT Format: 60 MC 5 ID 1 SA 1-3 Discussion

Fallacies C1-6 8ed ~checked (Yannette Ramirez W07)Items 1-11 below should be understood, they are writing

errors but they are not considered fallacies.1. Organization2. Essay type (to avoid)3. spelling 4. grammar 5. definitions6. Wordiness, redundancy, prolixity (verbose) 7. complexity (pedantic) 8. ambiguity (48-50, 54)(syntactic(51-52),

semantic(50), grouping(52-53)9. vagueness (42,43)10. Misleading comparisons (45-48)11. writing and diversity • RHETORIC--not a fallacy by presenter but acceptor

FALLACIES(“argument from” is unnecessary) • Fallacy of Division (53)• Fallacy of Composition (53-54)• Stereotype (122-123)• Proof Surrogate (131)• “Argument” from Outrage “Limbaugh fallacy”

(146-147)• Scapegoating (147-148)• Scare tactics (148)• --“Argument” by Force (148-149)• --“Argument” from Pity (150)• --“Argument” from Envy (150)• Apple Polishing “brown nosing”, “flattery” (151)• Guilt Trip (151)

13 Wishful Thinking (151-152)14 Peer Pressure “Argument” (152)15 Group Think Fallacy (153)16 --Nationalism (153)17 Rationalizing (154)18 “Argument” from Popularity (154-156)19 “Argument” from Common Practice (156)20 “Argument” from Tradition (156)21 Subjectivism (6-7) (157-158)- thinking that

any idea is as good as another 22 Relativist fallacy (158-159)23 Two Wrongs Make a Right (159-160) 24 Red Herring (160)25 Smoke Screens (160-161)26 Ad Hominem (173-174) Positive (177) 27 --Personal Attack Ad Homonym (174) (177)28 --Inconsistency Ad Hominem (174-175)29 --Circumstantial Ad Homonym (175-176)30 --Poisoning the Well (176)31 Genetic Fallacy (176) (177)32 Straw Man Fallacy (177-179)33 False Dilemma (179-181)34 --Perfectionist Fallacy (181)35 --Line-Drawing Fallacy (181-182)36 Slippery Slope (182-183)37 Burden of Proof (183-185) Legal, Civil, War, Spec38 --Appeal to Ignorance (185-187)39 Begging the Question, “circular reasoning” (187-188)

MT Vocabulary

1st Slide

Prior to Midterm Evaluation

Following is a summary of the grade components as of the midterm. If you have any questions check with me after class are during office hours.

Quiz Questions 7 C1 Quiz 8.7 C2 Quiz 7.6 C3Quiz 3 C4Pre Quiz 7 C4 Quiz 5 C5Pre Quiz8.5 C5 Quizok Did not grade counted as attendance only.85 (A) Curved quiz grade through Chapter 5 0 Recorded absences as of this date (absences over 2 count 2 points off)__ (B)____(multiply number above over 2 by 2)Homework Assignments (Each assignment is worth 3 points)2.7 A013 A022.75 Pt I Class Project 0.55 (C) Total Assignment Points lost from A01, A02, Part I Class ProjectTo determine your grade at this time:Subtract from A (Curved quiz grade), points lost in B (absences over 2 X 2) and C

(Assignment Points lost )to calculate your current grade. Check the syllabus if you have forgotten how your grade is determined.

MT Xtra Point Quiz—limit 3 points-just list 1-10 with your answer on back of midterm

1. ____How many helicopters have crashed in Iraq in the last 2 weeks?2. ____Who in Washington had a copy of the NY Times Op Ed article by

Joseph Wilson under glass on their desk with comments such as “who is this guy”?

3. ____What change is congress discussing about ballots for the next presidential election?

4. ____What country today restarted negotiations with the US, Japan and China on nuclear disarmament.

5. The ____ will be moved from June to February in California next year.6. According to a new study found in a New England journal, ___% of

doctors feel that they are not obligated to tell patients about legal procedures that go against their personal or religious values.

7. Shining a UV light on ___ will make it glow. This is how they knew that a man in a hospital bed had drank ___ in a suicide attempt.

8. A car bombing just south of Baghdad this morning killed at least __ people.

9. The country of ___ has now set the highest fuel efficiency standards on new automobiles.

10. Name one thing addressed in this morning’s California report on NPR. __

MT Xtra Point Quiz—limit 3 points-just list 1-10 with your answer on back of midterm--answers

1. _6__How many helicopters have crashed in Iraq in the last 2 weeks?2. _VP__Who in Washington had a copy of the NY Times Op Ed article by

Joseph Wilson under glass on their desk with comments such as “who is this guy”?

3. _PAPER__What change is congress discussing about ballots for the next presidential election?

4. __N KOREA__What country today restarted negotiations with the US, Japan and China on nuclear disarmament.

5. PRES PRIMR will be moved from June to February in California next year.6. According to a new study found in a New England journal, _8_% of

doctors feel that they are not obligated to tell patients about legal procedures that go against their personal or religious values.

7. Shining a UV light on _ANTIFREEZE__ will make it glow. This is how they knew that a man in a hospital bed had drank ___ in a suicide attempt.

8. A car bombing just south of Baghdad this morning killed at least _15_ people.

9. The country of __GERMANY_ has now set the highest fuel efficiency standards on new automobiles.

10. Name one thing addressed in this morning’s California report on NPR. __

Pre Quiz C6

1. Define “fallacy” (understandable to a student in the hall)

2. ________Name one fallacy in chapter 6 of the text(a) Define the fallacy

(b) Give an example of the fallacy

(c) Give an exception to the fallacy (same structure and premise but not a fallacy)