GENERAL PATHOLOGY

General Pathology (1 credit hour theory) The following percentages (%) of the total grade will be

assigned: In-Course Assessments ..........................

………………………..………60 % o Midterm exam………………………..…………40% o In-course continuous assessment……………..20%

Behavior and attitude …………5% Research ………………………4% Homework …………………….4% Presentation …………………..3% Quiz …………………………....4%

Final Written Examination …………..………………………………….40 %

Distrubution of marks

Definition: PATHOLOGY

‘Pathos’ ‘logos’Suffering (disease) Study

‘Scientific study of structure and function of the body in disease’

‘Pathophysiology’ – study of disordered function or breakdown of homeostasis in diseases.

Knowledge and understanding of the disease is important because unless you (clinician)know the nature, cause, mechanism of the disease, it would not be possible to give proper treatment.

Introduction

“Your practice of medicine (dentistry) will be as good as your understanding of

pathology” – Sir William Osler

Health – is a condition when the individual is normal and in complete harmony (balance)with the surroundings

Disease – opposite of health….what is not healthy is disease.

Illness – it is the reaction of an individual to disease in the form of signs and symptoms.Signs – seen by the doctorSymptoms – told by the patient

Patient – person affected by the disease

Lesions – characteristic changes in tissues and cells caused by the disease

1. HISTOPATHOLOGY: this includes study of structural changes observed by naked eye(gross changes) or under the microscope using various staining methods.

three subdivisions:

a. Surgical Pathology- most commonly used technique, tissues removed from living body is studied.

b. Forensic Pathology- study of tissues removed from dead.

c. Cytopathology- study of cells shed of from lesions.

Subdivisions of Pathology

2. HAEMATOLOGY: Study of diseases of the blood

3. CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY: analysis of biochemical constituents of blood, urine, semen, CSF etc.

4. IMMUNOLOGY: detection of abnormalities in immune system

5. EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY: production of disease in the experimental animal and its study.

6. MEDICAL GENETICS: deals with relationship between hereditary and disease.