general overview on management of hazardous waste in italy ... · rosanna laraia national center...

Seminar on hazardous waste and PCB management 15th of September 2017

Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea Rome

General overview on management of hazardous waste in Italy

Rosanna Laraia

National Center for the Waste Cycle

ISPRA

What is ISPRA?

The Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, has been established by Decree no. 112 of 25th of June 2008, converted into Law no. 133 (with amendments) of 21st of August 2008.

ISPRA performs, with the inherent financial resources, equipment and personnel, the duties of:

- ex-ANPA, Italian Environment Protection Agency (Law no. 61/1994)

- ex-APAT, Italian Environment Protection and Technical Services Agency (article 38 of Legislative Decree no. 300 of 30th of July 1999);

- ex-INFS, National Institute for Wildlife (Law no. 157 of 11th of February 1992);

- ex-ICRAM, Central Institute for Scientific and Technological Research applied to the Sea (Decree no. 496 of 4th of December 1993, converted into Law no. 61 of 21st of January 1994, with amendments).

The Institute acts under the vigilance and policy guidance of the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea.

What is the National System for Environmental Protection?

ISPRA is part of a network known as National System for Environmental Protection, which is made up of 21 Territorial Environmental Protection Agencies (ARPA/APPA), established by Regional Laws. It is an example of consolidated federal system, which combines the direct knowledge of the territory and its issues with the national policies for environmental protection, so as to become an institutional and technical-scientific reference point for the whole country.

The establishment of ISPRA fosters the cohesion of the system, while respecting the territorial differences, and promotes the collaboration and the consistent approach to environmental themes.

What is the National System for Environmental Protection?

Soon after the first regional agencies were established, a clear need emerged to create opportunities and spaces for discussion and debate among the ARPAs/APPAs for a coordinated development. For this reason the law establishing APAT, then ISPRA, provided for the setting up of a Federal Council, chaired by the President of ISPRA and formed by ISPRA's Director General and by the legal representatives of each ARPA/APPA, with advisory functions on the agreement between ISPRA and the Ministry for the Environment, with particular regard to the allocation of funding and the use of resources, to the technical and operational methodologies used by ARPAs/APPAs.

The National System for Environmental Protection

Law 132/2016 “Establishment of the National System for Environmental Protection and regulation of the Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research” sets out specific tasks for the National System such as:

• inspection activities within the scope of environmental control functions

• monitoring of the state of the environment

• collection, organization and dissemination of environmental data which constitute official technical reference to be used, together with the statistical information resulting from the above activities, for the activities falling under the competence of public administration

• control of pollution sources and factors

• research activities aimed at supporting its functions

• technical-scientific support to the activities of state, regional and local bodies with environmental management tasks.


Article 6 – Steering and coordination functions of ISPRA

• ISPRA’s steering and technical coordination functions are aimed at making the activities of the national system homogeneous from the technical point of view and are carried out with the contribution and participation of all the components of the system itself, within the Council of the National System.


Article 6 (Steering and coordination functions of ISPRA) of Law No. 132/2016 sets out specific tasks for ISPRA such as:

• the definition of the essential levels of environmental technical performance (LEPTA)

• the definition of tools, operating procedures and periodicity and homogeneity criteria for carrying out control activities, to ensure periodic evaluation of examined data as well as the definition of methodologies for the collection, evaluation and analysis of environmental data

• the promotion and coordination of the National Network of laboratories also for the purpose of improving the quality of performed tests and finalizing the accreditation process of laboratories

• the coordination activities with the European Environment Agency and with European and international organizations competent in environmental matters, with specific reference to the activity of transferring environmental data and for the purpose of adapting to international standards

National List of Permits and Communications

• The territorial administration responsible for issuing ordinary and simplified permits transmits the relevant information to the Waste Register referred to in Article 189 of Legislative Decree 152/2006

• Information transmission is carried out according to ISPRA standards

• The National list is accessible to the public:

http://www.catasto-rifiuti.isprambiente.it/index.php?pg=comaut















Traceability of hazardous waste in Italy (article 17 of Directive

2008/98/EC) Traceability is guaranteed from production to final destination (recovery or disposal).

Hazardous waste management must be carried out:

a) in compliance with the obligations established within the Waste Traceability Control System (Sistri);

b) in compliance with the obligations regarding the keeping of loading and unloading registers and the waste identification document.

• Information must be made available to competent authorities, upon request, during inspections.

Traceability of hazardous waste in Italy (article 17 of Directive

2008/98/EC) • Loading and unloading register containing information on

qualitative and quantitative characteristics of generated/managed waste

• Waste identification document accompanying waste transport

• Environmental Compulsory Declarations through which the quantities of waste generated, transported, brokered, disposed of, recovered and of waste collected by municipalities are annually declared

For non hazardous waste generation, total exemption is envisaged for some specific producers and sectors (e.g. agro-industry, construction & demolition activities) and for all producers with fewer than 10 employees

• There are penalties for missing or incorrect compilation

Loading and unloading register

• Obliged subjects (any person who collects and transports waste on a professional basis, dealers or brokers, establishments and undertakings that carry out waste recovery and disposal operations, Consortia, undertakings and original producers of hazarodus and non-hazardous waste) fill in the register with the information below: Name and address Number and date of loading and unloading of the waste Origin of the waste, quantity and properties of the waste Specific destination of the waste and method of treatment used Reference to waste identification document other information.

• Loading and unloading registers must be endorsed and kept for a specific period of time.

• Register data are used for annual communication to the competent Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Craft and Agriculture.

Waste identification document

• Compiled by an authorized carrier, contains all the information relating to: producer and holder of the waste carrier recipient origin, type and quantity of the waste planned destination date and location of the route method of treatment (recovery or disposal operation)

• Waste identification document must be endorsed and drawn up in 4 copies, completed, dated and signed by the waste producer or holder, the carrier and the recipient. Copies of the document must be kept for 5 years.

Structure of Environmental Compulsory Declarations

• Waste Section (waste from industrial and economic activities)

• End of life Vehicles Section

• Packaging and packaging waste Section

• Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Section

• Municipal Waste Section

Data flow

(Compulsory Declaration,

questionnaires, targeted surveys )

Facilities Producers

Trade Chambers

Unioncamere

Municipalities

Local Authorities

Regions

TELEMATIC CATALOG EUROSTAT

Data source (1/3)

Generation and management of municipal waste:

• Database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD) filled in annually by municipalities, companies or subjects which are obliged under article 189 of Legislative Decree No. 152 of 3rd of April 2006.

• Questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, establishments and undertakings).

• Data from the various sources are validated by means of targeted surveys and cross-checked with MUD database.

• Data are collected for each municipality and management facility, by individual Code of the European List of Waste (LoW) established by Decision 2000/532/EC.

Data source (2/3)

Generation and management of industrial waste and waste from economic activities: • Database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD) filled in

annually by companies or subjects which are obliged under article 189 of Legislative Decree No. 152 of 3rd of April 2006.

• For hazardous waste, the MUD database provides all relevant information as declaration is compulsory for all producers, with no exceptions. MUD database guarantees a data coverage close to 100%.

• Specific studies which involve the adoption of estimation methods are used to fill information gaps on non-hazardous waste information for certain producers.

• Concerning waste generation, data are collected at regional level by individual code of the European List of Waste.

• Concerning waste management, data are collected for each facility by individual code of the European List of Waste.

Data source (3/3)

Estimation methods for generation of non-hazardous waste: • Method 1: based on data regarding waste management, assuming that all waste

generated is sent for disposal or recovery operations, with the exclusion of intermediate management phases (for example, total non-hazardous waste generation from construction and demolition and from human or animal health care and/or related research, and used tyres generation)

• Method 2: based on the definition of waste generation factors per employee (for example, total non-hazardous waste generation from manufacturing companies with fewer than 10 employees)

• Method 3: based on the definition of waste generation factors per unit of main product.

For all the above-mentioned sectors, analyses are conducted at the level of individual codes of the European List of Waste (Decision 2000/532/EC).

All materials managed as by-products according to Article 5 of Directive 2008/98/EC are excluded.

Regional breakdown of the estimated quantities through further elaboration which also takes account of socio-economic indicators.

What is the role of ISPRA in data monitoring ?

• ISPRA publishes annually a Report on municipal waste and a Report on non-municipal waste, providing a detailed and up-to-date picture on the generation and management of municipal waste and waste from economic activities in Italy.

• Through an effective and comprehensive system of knowledge on waste, the mentioned reports provide an objective, accurate and up-to-date framework of information, in support of the legislator to guide appropriate policies and to monitor their effectiveness, introducing, if necessary, corrective measures.

• ISPRA, every two years, processes and transmits to EUROSTAT data on the waste statistics pursuant to article 1 of Regulation (EC) no. 2150/2002.

• ISPRA monitors the achievement of recovery and recycling targets set out at Community and national level.

Hazardous waste generation in Italy, year 2015

Non-municipal hazardous waste

Municipal hazardous waste

Total hazardous waste

(tonnes)

Hazardous waste generation

9,097,115 139,761 9,236,876

98.5% of the total hazardous waste generation is represented by non-municipal waste, the remaining 1.5% by municipal waste. Non-municipal hazardous waste represents 7% of the total non-municipal waste (132.4 million tonnes).

Non-municipal hazardous waste generation by economic

activities, year 2015

Source: ISPRA, Report on non-municipal waste – Edition 2017

agriculture, forestry and fishing;

0.1%

mining and quarrying; 0.2% manufacturing

activities; 39.2%

electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning

supply; 1.8%

water treatment and

sewerage 2.2%

construction; 3.8%

public administration, education, human

health; 2%

trade, transport and

other activities; 20.1%

waste treatment and

remediation activities; 30.6%

Non-municipal hazardous waste generation by chapter of the

European list waste, year 2015


01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2015 0,1 0,00 0,1 0,00 0,8 1,6 11,3 0,8 0,3 6,7 3,4 5,3 8,8 0,5 1,8 20,9 8,6 1,8 27,0 0,2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Per

cen

tag

e (%

)

Chapter of the European List of Waste

Non-municipal hazardous waste generation by region

(1.000*tonnes), year 2015


17

36

59

91

103

137

159

160

168

202

261

323

340

385

454

470

900

905

992

2,934

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500

Valle d'Aosta

Molise

Basilicata

Trentino Alto Adige

Abruzzo

Marche

Umbria

Calabria

Liguria

Friuli Venezia Giulia

Sardegna

Puglia

Campania

Sicilia

Lazio

Toscana

Emilia Romagna

Piemonte

Veneto

Lombardia

Municipal hazardous waste generation by chapter of the

European list of waste, year 2015

Chapter of the European List of Waste Municipal hazardous

waste generation tonnes

08 (waste paint and varnish, waste printing toner) 122 13 (waste hydraulic oils, waste engine gear and lubricating oils, waste of liquid fuels) 1,056

15 (waste packaging, absorbents and filter materials) 1,472 16 (WEEE, gas in pressure containers, batteries, waste containing oil) 1,326 20 (solvents, acids, alkalines, photochemicals, pesticides, WEEE, oil and fat, paint, inks, detergents, medicines, batteries and wood) 135,785

Total 139,761

83% of the total municipal hazardous waste generation is represented by waste electrical and electronic equipment

Hazardous waste management, year 2015

Non-municipal hazardous waste

Municipal hazardous waste

Total hazardous waste

management

(tonnes)

Hazardous waste sent for recovery operations (R1-R12)

2,312,674 122,770 2,435,444

Hazardous waste sent for disposal operations (D1-D14)

5,473,960 9,488 5,483,448

Hazardous waste in storage (R13) at the end of the year (31st of December)

300,600 14,324 314,924

Hazardous waste in storage (D15) at the end of the year (31st of December)

345,468 12 345,480

Hazardous waste exported 955,351 456 955,807

Hazardous waste imported 154,524 6 154,530

Total hazardous waste management

9,233,529 147,043 9,380,572

Hazardous waste balance by ISPRA

• Processing by code of the European list of waste (Decision 2000/532/EC) – data as wet weight

• Including other treatment operations (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14)

• Including quantities in storage at the end of the year (R13, D15)

• Including exported hazardous waste quantities

• Excluding imported hazardous waste quantities

According to ISPRA data balance, the quantity of hazardous waste managed in 2015 exceeds the quantity of hazardous waste generated by 1.6%.

Non-municipal hazardous waste exported by chapter of the list

of waste, year 2015

Data reported in the MUD database by the obliged subjects in accordance with current legislation

Wastes from waste management

facilities 60.9%

Construction and demolition waste

30.9%

Wastes not otherwise specified

in the list 2.8%

Waste from thermal processes

2.1% Waste from organic chemical processes

1.0% Other chapters 2.2%


Non-municipal hazardous waste exported by recipient country,

year 2015



31

372

862

3.390

3.415

9.611

11.652

12.421

23.520

26.355

36.562

42.490

53.049

75.975

655.646

0 100.000 200.000 300.000 400.000 500.000 600.000 700.000

USA

United Kingdom

Czech Republic

Spain

Other Countries

Slovenia

Belgium

Denmark

Poland

Sweden

Netherlands

Switzerland

Austria

France

Germany

ton

nes

Management of exported non-municipal hazardous

waste, year 2015

Disposal 58%

Recovery other than energy

recovery 29%

Energy Recovery 13%

Non-municipal hazardous waste imported by chapter of the list

of waste, year 2015


70.2%

Waste oil and wastes of liquid fuels

17.2%


in the list 2,5%

Wastes from petroleum refining

4.7%

Wastes from chemical surface

treatment and coating of metals and

other materials 1.1%

Wastes risulting from exploration, mining,

quarrying and physical chemical

treatment of minerals

1.7% Other chapters 2.7%



Non-municipal hazardous waste imported by country of origin,

year 2015

1

6

12

33

39

56

118

262

349

486

489

639

794

1.032

2.336

4.483

5.012

5.763

23.229

30.676

38.576

40.133

0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000

Bulgaria

Turkey

Netherlands

Czech Republic

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Romania

Croatia

Monaco

Hungary

Poland

China

Slovenia

USA

Austria

Other Countries

Belgium

Greece

Germany

Switzerland

France

United Kingdom

Spain

ton

nes



93.8% of non-municipal waste managed in Italy is represented by non-hazardous waste, the

remaining 6.2% by hazardous waste.

-

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

Total Recovery

operation

(R2-R12)

Other

disposal

operation

Storage by

31th

dicember

(R13-D15)

Disposal in

landfill

Energy

recovery

Incineration

on land

Hazardous waste 8.432 2.215 3.795 646 1.287 97 392

Non hazardous waste 127.723 86.349 14.802 14.062 9.926 1.986 598

1.0

00*

tonnes

Non-municipal hazardous waste management in Italy, year 2015

Non-municipal hazardous waste management in Italy, year 2015


Energy recovery 1.2%


recovery 26.3%

Disposal to landfill 15.3% Incineration

4.6%

Other disposal operations

45.0%

Storage 7.6%


Energy recovery 1.6%


recovery 67.6%

Disposal to landfill 7.8%

Incineration 0.5%

Other disposal operations

11.6%

Storage 11.0%

Non-municipal non-hazardous waste management in Italy, year

2015

Recovery operations of non-municipal hazardous waste,

year 2015

Fonte: ISPRA, Rapporto Rifiuti Speciali – Edizione 2017

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7+R8 R9 R12 R13

Year 2015(1.000*tons)

97 208 198 874 251 68 13 238 366 301

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


D1 D8 D9 D10 D13 D14 D15

Year 2015(1.000*tons)

1.287 137 3.102 392 379 177 345

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

Disposal operations of non-municipal hazardous waste,

year 2015

Non-municipal hazardous waste recovered by chapter of the list

of waste, year 2015

Other chapters 11%

Wastes from chemical surface

treatment and coating of metals and

other materials 4%

Wastes from inorganic chemical

processes 6%

Construction and demolition wastes

4%

Wastes from waste management

facilities 9%

Wastes from organic chemical processes

11%


17%


in the list 18%


20%


Non-municipal hazardous waste disposed of, by chapter of the

list of waste, year 2015

Other chapters 2%

Wastes from human or animal health care

2%


4%

Wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of metals and

other materials 4%


4% Wastes from shaping and phisycal and mechanical

surface treatment of metals and plastics

7%

Construction and demolition wastes

8%

Wastes from organic

chemical processes [PERCENTUALE]

Wastes not otherwise specified in the list

28%

Wastes from waste management facilities

29%


Thank you for your attention

ISPRA, ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research

http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it

Centro Nazionale per il Ciclo dei Rifiuti

National Center for the Waste Cycle

Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome

Phone: +39 06 5007 2940, Fax: +39 06 5007 2097



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