general chemistry 4

7/31/2019 General Chemistry 4

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/general-chemistry-4 1/52

General Chem, Usama El-Ayaan



1872



http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/general-chemistry-4 7/52Modified from http://www.cem.msu.edu/~djm/cem384/ptable.html

105

Db107

Bh

Physical States at Room Conditions


http://www.cem.msu.edu/~djm/cem384/ptable.html






s blockp

block

d block

f block

105

Db107

Bh




1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

*

*

Electron Filling in Periodic Table

Li

2s1

H

1s1

He

1s2

C

2p2

N

2p3

O

2p4

F

2p5

Ne

2p6

Na

3s1

B

2p1

Be

2s2

H1s1

Al

3p1

Si

3p2

P

3p3

S

3p4

Cl

3p5

Ar

3p6

K 4s1

Ca 4s2

Sc 3d1

Ti 3d2

V 3d3

Cr 3d5

Mn 3d5

Fe 3d6

Co 3d7

Ni 3d8

Cu 3d10

Zn 3d10

Ga 4p1

Ge 4p2

As 4p3

Se 4p4

Br 4p5

Kr 4p6

Rb

5s1

Sr

5s2

Y

4d1

Zr

4d2

Nb

4d4

Mo

4d5

Tc

4d6

Ru

4d7

Rh

4d8

Pd

4d10

Ag

4d10

Cd

4p1

In

5p1

Sn

5p2

Sb

5p3

Te

5p4

I

5p5

Xe

5p6

Cs

6s1

Ba

6s2

Hf

5d2

Ta

5d3

W

5d4

Re

5d5

Os

5d6

Ir

5d7

Pt

5d9

Au

5d10

Hg

5d10

Tl

6p1

Pb

6p2

Bi

6p3

Po

6p4

At

6p5

Rn

6p6

Fr 7s1

Ra 7s2

H 1s1

H 1s1

H 1s1

H 1s1

H 1s1

H 1s1

Mg

3s2

Ce

4f 2

Pr

4f 3

Nd

4f 4

Pm

4f 5

Sm

4f 6

Eu

4f 7

Gd

4f 7

Tb

4f 9

Dy

4f 10

Ho

4f 11

Er

4f 12

Tm

4f 13

Yb

4f 14

Lu

4f 114

Th

6d2

Pa

5f 2

U

5f 3

Np

5f 4

Pu

5f 6

Am

5f 7

Cm

5f 7

Bk

5f 8

Cf

5f 10

Es

5f 11

Fm

5f 14

Md

5f 13

No

5f 14

Lr

5f 14

La

5d1

Ac

6d1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

s

d

p

s

f

*

*




Alkali Metals




Alkaline Earth Metals




Halogens




Transition metals




Noble Gases




Inner Transition Metals




1A7A

()

()




:

19 K : 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1

[Ar], 4s1




4s1




11Na: 1s2

, 2s2

, 2p6

, 3s1

OR [Ne] 3s1

35Br: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p5

OR [18Ar], 4s2, 3d10, 4p5

42Mo: [36Kr], 5s2, 4d4 ? OR

[36Kr], 5s1

, 4d5

?

60Nd: [54Xe], 6s2, 4f 4




s

:

s (s) =

s, p

(p) = (s + p)

s, d (d) = (s + d)

s, f

(f) = (s + f )




1- ()

1- :

.

:

: =100 =200




•2- .

1-

:




1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A N

1

2

3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8 1B 2B

4

5

6

7




(21Ga3+ < 20Ca2+ < 19K+)

(35Br- < 34Se2- < 33As3-)




().......................

() ().........................

(Cl-Cl)( –

-) (Na-Cl).




2-:

.

:

1- .

2- .

• .General Chem, Usama El-Ayaan



1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A N

1

2

3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8 1B 2B

4

5

6

7




< <<.

(

2He).

(+ + )




1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A N

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8 1B 2B




Electron Affinity of Oxygen

∆E isEXOthermicbecause O has an

affinity for an e-.

[He]O atom

EA = - 141 kJ

+ electron

O [He]- ion




Electron Affinity of Nitrogen

∆E is zero for N- due

to electron-

electronrepulsions.

EA = 0 kJ

[He]N atom

[He]N- ion

+ electron




Affinity for electronincreases across a period(EA becomes more

negative). Affinity decreases down a

group (EA becomes lessnegative).

Atom EA

F -328 kJ

Cl -349 kJBr -325 kJ

I -295 kJ

Trends in Electron Affinity

.......... General Chem, Usama El-Ayaan



Electronegativity




.

.

.




(VIIA)

.(IA)

.

general chemistry 4

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