gender indicators side event presentations
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTATIONS
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LIST OF PRESENTATIONS
1 Stefan SchweinfestActing Director, UN Statistics DivisionRecent developments in the area of gender statistics:Launch of the Platform for the Minimum Set of Gender Indicators
2 Saraswathi Menon,Director of Policy, UN WomenGender statistics and the MDGs: Presentation of the MDGs Gender Chart
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Minimum Set of Gender Indicators
United Nations Statistics Division
@ unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/data.html
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Background
Internationally-agreed indicators to monitor gender equalityand womens empowerment
Gender indicators (52)
Gender indicators related to national norms (11)
Five domains Economic structures, participation in productive activities andaccess to resources
Education
Health and related services
Human rights of women and the girl child
Public life and decision-making
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Organization of indicators in Tiers
Indicators conceptually clear, with an agreed internationaldefinition and regularly produced by countries
Tier I
International data compilation
Promoting capacity building activities
Methodologicaldevelopments e.g., EDGE project
Indicators conceptually clear, with an agreed internationaldefinition, but not yet regularly produced by countriesTier II
Indicators for which international standards need still to bedeveloped and not regularly produced by countriesTier III
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Gender Data Platform
Improve access to data and methods
Contribution from 14 partner agencies
Data for all Tier I indicators (35)
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Data availability Tier I indicators (35 inds)
Average number of countries withdata, by area
Indicators, by number of data points,1990-2012
Average # countries
data are available for
144
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Features of the Gender data platform (1)
Country and indicator dashboard
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
Features of the Gender data platform (2)
Downloadable data in accessible format
Accompanying metadata Data availability report
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58thSession of the Commission on the Status of Women
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/default.html
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/default.htmlhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/default.html -
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Remarks by Saraswathi Menon at the event on Indicators for monitoring
gender equality: Lessons learned from the MDGs
Ladies and gentlemen, colleagues and friends,
Let me now say a few words about the second exciting new product we are
launching today: the MDG Gender Chart. The minimum set of gender
indicators that Stefan talked about are the bedrock of what we need to track inorder to comprehensively monitor progress on gender equality, not least
because they are so closely linked to the commitments in the Beijing Platform
for Action. The MDGs Gender Chart has a more immediate purposeto track
progress on the MDGs.
This is the fourth edition of the Gender Chart and we in the UN system havemade a special effort to bring this out while the CSW is in session since the
priority theme this year is Challenges and achievements in the implementation
of the Millennium Development Goals for women and girls,
Traditionally, the MDGs Gender Chart is produced in tandem with the annual
Secretary-Generals report that reviews achievements on all MDGs. This reportcomes out every July and is prepared by the Inter-agency and Expert Group on
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On Goal 1: We present data on women and mens employment rates and the
share of women and men in vulnerable employment between 2000 and 2012.
The reason we present employment rates is related to an acute lack of data onwomenspoverty. It is often mentioned that 70% of the worlds poor are
women. We know that this is not correct, but because rigorous statistics on
women and mens poverty have not been produced we continue to rely on such
myths. The time has come to stop treating households like a black box in
household surveys and to collect data on both women and men, including on
income and consumption. Gender equality needs to be taken more seriously in
household surveys.
Over the last 12 years, we have seen a decline in both women and mens
employment rates with women doing relatively worse than men globally. There
are variations between regions. In developed regions for example, men fared
worse than women resulting in a narrowing of gender gaps. However, clearly,
when the reduction in the gender gap is predicated on worsening outcomes for
men (levelling down), this does not mark progress. Therefore, even where we
have a narrowing of gender gaps, it is important to pay attention to the actual
levels to ensure that this is due to real progress for women rather than a
levelling down of mens outcomes.
Another fact that is conspicuous in the employment charts is the sheer size of
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achieve universal primary completion until 2086, compared to 2021 for the
richest boys.
We also need to pay attention to the quality of education. Many girls and boys
do attend primary school but are unable to read or write by grade 4. This is
clearly unacceptable and has to be addressed.
And, as we can see from both charts, progress on secondary education is even
less encouraging. This is unfortunate as some of the greatest positive outcomes
for womens empowerment happen as a result of secondary educationan issue
that needs emphasis as we move forward.
On Goal 3: There is good news in terms of political participation at the
national level. Last year, womens representation in parliament was 21 percent
globally, up from 14 percent in 2000. Even though North Africa started at a
very low level in 2000, progress there has been nothing short of impressive. In
2000, women were 3 percent of parliamentarians; by 2013, this figure had risen
to 18 percent. The story is similar in some other regions such as West Asia and
South Asia. There is no doubt that temporary special measures have helped.
We need to build on this success in the Post-2015 agenda until a critical mass is
reached. But we also need to go beyond parliamentary representation towomens leadership, voice and participation in all spheres -- the private sector,
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likely to miss by a long shot. This is despite the fact that most of these deaths
are preventable. Prevention starts with women and girlsenjoying sexual and
reproductive health and rights, including eradicating child marriage. Here aresome telling statistics from the Gender Chart:
Approximately 80 per cent of maternal deaths could be averted if womenhad access to essential maternity and basic health-care services.
Globally, in 2008, an estimated 21.6 million unsafe abortions took place,mostly in developing countries, resulting in 47,000 deaths. In LatinAmerica abortions alone are responsible for 12% of all maternal deaths.
There are more than 140 million women who are married or in union andwould like to delay or avoid pregnancy, but are not using contraception.
We can no longer allow the world to deny these rights: they are literally a
matter of life and death.
Yet, unfortunately, as we can see from Goal 8, this has not always been a global
priority. While overall DAC members aid to population policies/programmes
and reproductive health reached 8 billion US dollars in 2011, donor funding to
family planning remained low at a mere 650 million dollars.
On Goal 6 we see that young women aged 15-24 are more than twice as likely
as young men to be newly infected by HIV in Sub Saharan Africa In 2012
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Finally, I will touch on the last goalGoal 8. The share of bilateral sector aid
allocated in support of gender equality started at 27 per cent in 2002 and has
risen to 35 per cent in 2011. This is a welcome development, particularly giventhe fact that aid budgets have been squeezed due to the financial crisis.
However, in 2011, only 5 per cent of total bilateral sector allocable aid went to
programmes that were assessed as having gender equality as their principal
objective. Goal 8 is much broader than aid. But, the lack of gender-related data
limits our capacity to analyse progress on this goal to OECD-DAC aid figures.
In conclusion, as we look at progress on the MDGs we are struck by three types
of gaps.
First, there is a gap in coverage; a recent review of gender statistics in 126
countries has found that while production of gender statistics has increased in
recent years, the focus is still predominantly on traditional areas such asmortality, education and labour force statistics. But even so reliable data on
maternal mortality is not always available.
Second, there is a gap in developing and using indicators that are relevant to
address gender inequality. There has for years been less work on areas such as
violence against women and girls or the measurement of unpaid care workthrough time use surveys. But now we do have the 9 indicators endorsed by the
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Millennium Development Goals Gender Chart 2014
Special edition for CSW 58, UN Statistics Division and UN Women
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
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Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
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Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
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Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empowerwomen
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Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empowerwomen
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Goal 5: Improve maternal health
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Goal 6: Combat HIV, malaria and other diseases
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Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
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Goal 8: Global partnership for development
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Lucinda OHanlon, OHCHR
Indicators side event
12 March
Commission on the Status of Women
1. Thank you for the opportunity to be here today and among such prominentpanellists. As we discuss where we are with the MDGs, where the MDGs have not
delivered, and how we can do better in the post 2015 era, this discussion on
indicators is critical.
2. One year ago, the High Commissioner opened the post 2015 thematic consultationon governance with the following words:
In 2000, the process for selecting the MDGs was opaque and, if I may say so,
technocratic. Proposals that lacked quantifiable measures and cross-national data-
sets were rejected. Civil and political rights were often excluded. We treasured what
we measured and perhaps that was the wrong way round. It seems to me we
should measure what we treasure.
Todays event is about discussing the impact that the MDGs had by adopting anapproach of treasuring what we measured and discussing recommendations for
the post 2015 framework which would align more closely with our hope to rather
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as articulated in CEDAW and the Beijing Platform for Action, among other
international standards. The fact that there were no indicators on gender-
based violence nor on womens unpaid work was a powerful signal thatwomens reality was not adequately considered in the MDGs. The work of the
Inter-agency Expert Group and the launch of the platform on gender
indicators is incredibly important work to redress these shortcomings.
b. In the case of MDG 5 on improving maternal health, already in the goalformulation, the agenda was narrowed from sexual and reproductive rights
as articulated in the human rights conferences of the 90s, to a focus onmaternal health. And then the indicators for improving maternal health again
narrowed the focus to skilled birth attendants. This narrowing despite the
fact that it was well recognized amongst public health experts that improving
maternal health required attention to at least four dimensions : SBAs,
emergency obstetric care, access to contraception, and strong referral
systems. In 2007, an additional goal was added on reproductive health, which
covered family planning and was important step in the right direction.
c. For water and sanitation, the indicators again fell short of human rightsrequirements. The assessment of access to an improved water source was
taken as a proxy for quality water. However, we have seen that water sources
have been built and not maintained, now delivering no water or poor quality
water to people. In other cases we see that the water is unaffordable.
Women continue to suffer lack of access to water disproportionately because
of their domestic roles. Regarding sanitation, the indicator on access toimproved sanitation fails to capture womens specific needs, especially as
d l h i
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9. Indicators for measuring compliance with human rights standards require attentionto the structures that are in place to protect human rights, the efforts made by the
responsible parties, and the outcomes achieved. Taking gender equality as anexample, this would mean examining the existence of laws and policies to eliminate
discrimination based on sex (structure), the degree to which the Government
allocates funds towards the achievement of gender equality (process), and results
(or outcomes) in terms of not only of achieving gender balance in representation in
different sectors, but also better sharing of unpaid family responsibilities, womens
decision making abilities about their bodies, their families and within their
communities, as well as improved health outcomes.
10.The indicators in the post 2015 framework should be aligned with human rightsstandards. With regard to economic, social and cultural rights such as education,
health, work, housing and food -- this would require special attention to ensuring
that these are available, accessible, affordable, acceptable and of good quality. We
also must ensure that data collected is disaggregated by sex and other grounds of
discrimination, but also include indicators which respond to womens specific
experience. Human rights would also require exploring all available data sources and
spurring the collection of new data where necessary. Capturing progress in human
rights terms also means looking beyond quantitative indicators. Qualitative data is
critical for understanding the context of deprivation and rights violations. Finally,
human rights would require that the data collection process itself complies with
human rights principles of transparency, participation and accountability.
11.Ladies and gentlemen, infusing the post 2015 agenda with a rights based approachmeans challenging the notion that indicators and statistics are the domain only of
b i li N d b d h i li h l d i h i
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Criteria Questions
Relevance of indicator to theme How closely does a proposed indicator reflect the theme?
Saliency/ communicability Are the indicator and target psychologically salient and easy to understand?
Data availability and comparability Are the data comparable and well established globally? Could comparability and
coverage be improved with support? If not, would nationally defined
measurement be enough to spur action or even be preferred?
Robustness, reliability, validity Are the data reliable, valid and externally verifiable?
Action-orientation Would the target/indicator signal appropriate policy choices and provide a usefulstandard for active monitoring?
Universally applicable Does it require fair progress by all countries or, if not, is a complementary
target/indicator available for other countries?
Measure effort as well as outcome Do the proposed indicators, taken as a whole, help to measure the actual
commitment and fiscal and policy effort that Member States dedicate toachieving agreed post-2015 outcomes?
Equality-sensitivity Does it have an equality focus or disaggregated targets?
Absence of perverse incentives Does it create perverse incentives and, if so, can a complementary
target/indicator be adopted to overcome this?
Criteria for selecting indicators
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Support for gender equality by region
2004-2009
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Egypt
Mali
Ghana
BurkinaFaso
Morocco
SouthAfrica
Jordan
Iran
Malaysia
Georgia
India
Turkey
Indonesia
SouthKorea
VietNam
China
Thailand
Cyprus
Rus
sianFederation
Romania
Ukraine
Moldova
Bulgaria
Poland
Serbia
Slovenia
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
TrinidadandTobago
Uruguay
Peru
Japan
UnitedStates
Australia
France
Spain
GreatBritain
Italy
Finland
Germany
Canada
Netherlands
Switzerland
Norway
Andorra
Sweden
University
education
Business
executives
Political
leaders
Right to a job
Per cent
Africa Asia Eastern LAC West Europe &
Supportfor
genderequality
The report presents new findings from the World Values Survey showing that public attitudes to gender equality vary greatly between
countries, and region. Respondents in most counties agree that both girls and boys deserve equal access to a university education, but when
asked whether girls and boys have equal rights to a jobmany countries disagree.
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Men make better political leaders than women
Proportion who disagree - 1995-2005
Supportforgenderequality
Since the 1990s, an increasing proportion of people disagree that men make better political leaders than women , showing growing support
for gender equality (from analysis of World Values Survey data).
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Armenia
Burkina Faso
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Trends in mens attitudes towards wife beating
Sources: Demographic and Health Surveys, all countries with available data for at least 2 timepoints,
retrieved from www.measuredhs.comon 15 November 2013.
http://www.measuredhs.com/http://www.measuredhs.com/ -
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Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) increased
~ 10% world-wide, 1990-2010
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America/Caribbean
North America
Oceania
World
0
20
40
60
80
1994 2014
Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Contraceptive Use 2012
Percentage of married (or in union) women 1549 years who are using modern method of contraceptive, 1994 and 2014
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Way forward:
Systematically identify data gaps across the Post 2015 agenda
Rigorously assess pros and cons of the investments required to
fill the gaps
Ensure technical and financial resources for data collectionanalysis, dissemination and utilization are incorporated across
all development efforts
Meanwhile, support more rigorous analysis and utilization ofexisting data for a stronger evidence based policy engagement