gender differences in and gender moderation of peer victimization and its correlates
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Gender Differences in and Gender Moderation of Peer Victimization and Its Correlates. Jordan Barnada Dr. Julie Hubbard Psychology Department. Introduction. The problem of bullying Bullying-prevention programs What about gender? Literature review Very inconsistent results - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Gender Differences in and Gender Moderation of Peer Victimization and Its Correlates
Jordan BarnadaDr. Julie HubbardPsychology Department
Introduction•The problem of bullying•Bullying-prevention programs•What about gender?•Literature review
▫Very inconsistent results▫Not enough information
Goals of the Study1. To provide a more thorough examination
of gender differences in victimization2. To investigate whether gender moderates
the relations between victimization and a range of negative correlates
Moderation•Relationship between 2 things
▫What’s the strength of that relationship? Strength can be different for boys vs. girls
Victimization
Depression
Gender
Moderation cont’d
Victimization
Dep
ress
ion
Boys
Girls
Hypotheses1. Boys will experience more victimization2. Gender moderation will occur for some
correlatesa. Depressionb. Anxietyc. School avoidanced. Peer rejectione. Somatizationf. Social withdrawal
Participants•1760 children•4th and 5th graders in 94 classrooms in 12
schools•49% female, 51% male•Racial/Ethnic Breakdown
▫European American: 47.1%▫Latino American: 18.3%▫African American: 16.2%▫Mixed Race: 7.2%▫Asian American: 6.0%▫American Indian or Alaska Native: 0.7%
•Average age = 10 years old
MeasuresReport Type Self-report Peer-report Teacher-
reportAggregate
Victimization
Depression
Anxiety
Somatization
Peer RejectionSocial Withdrawal
School Avoidance
Results
Hypothesis 1: Gender Differences in Victimization by Report TypeReport Type
Finding Mean Min. Max. df p value
Self- ReportGVI
No difference
Girls: 1.66Boys: 1.61
1 5 1737 .24
Self- Report PVS
Boys > Girls Girls: 1.89Boys: 1.97
1 4 1717 .04*
Peer-Report
Boys > Girls Girls: -0.10Boys: 0.10
-2.32 4.45 1852 .00**
Teacher-Report
Boys > Girls Girls: 1.21Boys: 1.35
1 4 1819 .00**
Aggregate Boys > Girls Girls: -0.07Boys: 0.08
-.97 3.42 1840 .00**
Note. *p<0.05. **p<0.01
Interaction Terms (Victimization x Gender) in Regressions to Examine Gender Moderation of Relations Between Victimization and Outcomes
Variable B Std. Error t-statistic Sig.Depression(Self-Report)
-.03 .02 -1.39 .17
Depression(Teacher-Report)
.05 .02 2.45 .02*
Anxiety(Teacher-Report)
.02 .02 .79 .43
Somatization(Teacher-Report)
.01 .01 .45 .65
Peer Rejection(Peer-Report)
.13 .06 2.26 .02*
Peer Rejection (Teacher-Report)
.12 .05 2.54 .01*
Social Withdrawal (Teacher-Report)
.05 .03 1.82 .07
School Avoidance (Teacher-Report)
.02 .02 1.29 .20
Hypothesis 2- Depression: Teacher-Report• Boys > Girls on strength of relation between victimization
and depression
Hypothesis 2- Peer Rejection: Peer-Report • Boys > Girls on strength of relation between victimization
and peer rejection
Hypothesis 2- Peer Rejection: Teacher-Report
• Boys > Girls on strength of relation between victimization and peer rejection
Strengths Limitations•Measured robustly•3 types of reports
•Studied physical and verbal victimization
•Broader range of outcomes
•Large bulk of data is from teacher-reports
•One time point•Developmentally limited
The Future•Implications
▫Gender-segregated anti-bullying programs may be more effective
▫Different treatment interventions can be created/utilized based on gender
•Research▫More self & peer measures▫Longitudinal studies▫Expand sample
Acknowledgements•My Faculty Mentor
▫Dr. Julie Hubbard•McNair Scholars Program Staff
▫Dr. Kim Saunders, Tiffany Scott, Natalie Cook, Nicole Mozee
•Peer Relations Lab Graduate Students▫Megan Bookhout, Marissa Smith, Lauren
Swift, Stevie Grassetti•My fellow McNair Scholars
Descriptive Statistics
Bivariate CorrelationsVariable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81. Aggregated Victimization
2. Self-Reported Depression .37**
3. Teacher-Reported Depression .47** .16**
4. Teacher-Reported Anxiety .27** .08** .61**
5. Teacher-Reported Somatization .20** .06** .37** .34**
6. Peer-Reported Peer Rejection .42** .13** .36** .15** .15**
7. Teacher- Reported Peer Rejection .42** .13* .56** .35** .19** .44*
8. Teacher- Reported Social Withdrawal
.44** .14** .65** .41** .21** .39** .78**
9. Teacher- Reported School Avoidance
.27** .09** .46** .30** .65** .22** .23** .29**
Note. *p<0.05. **p<0.01