gender and water supply in sri lanka

8/3/2019 Gender and Water Supply in Sri Lanka

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ADB Assisted Secondary Towns and Rural

Community Based Water Supply and Sanitation

Project

Gender and Water Supplyin Sri Lanka

By M. K. Hapuarachchi

Project Director

National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWS&DB)

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank

(ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paperand accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as tosovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.


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Project in Brief

Water Supply : 969,000 beneficiaries

Sanitation : 171,500 beneficiaries

Water sector Institutional Development through PublicAwareness

Project Cost : USD 263.26 million(ADB contribution: USD149.1 m)

Implementing Agency : National Water Supply andDrainage Board (NWS&DB)


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Project Locations

No. Location Urban Rural

01 Batticaloa

02 Hambantota

03 Muttur

04 Polonnaruwa

05 Anuradhapura


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Urban Component

Approach

Outsourced design, construction supervision andimplementation activities through competitive

bidding

Operations by NWS&DB

Hygiene and health education

Sanitation programmes


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Urban Component - Water Supply Schemes

Key plan of Batticaloa WaterSupply Scheme

Batticaloa Water Treatment Plant

Batticaloa Water Treatment Plant


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Hambantota Water Treatment Plant

Hambantota, Muttur, Polonnaruwa Water Towers

Polonnaruwa Water Treatment Plant

Urban Component - Water Supply Schemes


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Rural Component

Approach

Demand driven and community based

Level of poverty

Lack of water and sanitation facilities

Willingness to contribute minimum 20% ofinvestment cost

Agree to take O&M responsibility


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Implementation Mechanism of RuralComponent

CommunityMobilization

ServiceProvide

ServiceDemand

NWS&DB

Project

PO

Community

CommunityEmpowerment

(CBO)

PMU TSU PSI

U

Finance/Awareness/Training/ Assistance

PMU Project Management Unit PO Partner Organization

TSU

Technical Support Unit CBO

Community Based OrganizationPSIU Pradeshiya Sabha Implementation Unit


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Rural ComponentWater Supply & Sanitation Facilities

Option Quantity Beneficiaries

Pipe schemes 134

320,500

Rain water tanks 3,026

Private dug wells 4,549

Common wells 79

Tube wells 101

Latrines 18,297 98,200


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Rural Component - Water Supply Schemes


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Gender Development Programme

Vision

To ensure Women representation and active

involvement in all phases of project for;

a) Sustainable development of water & sanitationsector

b) To increase gender equality in decision makingprocess


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Training and Capacity Building

Awareness programs on gender development byPartner Organizations

Income generation programs

Identification of small scale industries Project contribution (LKR 20,000 as seed fund)

Community contribution (minimum 50%)

Revolving fund

Training on leadership, financial management,entrepreneurship development and marketing andmanagement


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Gender Action Plan

1. Initial participatory social assessment Identification of men and womens involvement in Village Development

activities via baseline surveys and discussions with village leaders Facilitation & Implementation (F&I) by CDS (Community Development Specialist),

SS (Senior Sociologist), PSIU Engineer

2. Form small groups of men & women Use Participatory Representative Techniques (PRT) F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, CDA (Community Development Assistant), PO,

VCC (Village Coordination Committee)

3. Form Womens Associations Use PRT & Select women leaders with the assistance of Women Bureau F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, Women Bureau, CDA, PO/CF (Community

Facilitator), VCC


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Gender Action Plan (contd.)4. Training for men and women leaders

Conduct awareness meetings and training workshops Obtain assistance from relevant organizations; Small IndustriesDepartment

F & I by SS, PSIU Engineer, Women Bureau, CDA, PO

5. Assess involvement of men & women Quarterly assessment F & I by Sociologist, PSIU Engineer, CDA, PO

6. Income generation programmes

Training of persons on relevant skills Exploration of marketing facilities

Identification of potential entrepreneurs

Awareness on savings and credit facilities available

F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), PIU Sociologist, PSIU Engineer,

CDA, PO


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7. Womens Associations (WA) FORUM for each

Pradeshiya Sabha Obtain assistance of Womens Bureau to bring together WA ineach Pradeshiya Sabha area

F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA

8. Impact assessment Surveys by N.G.O. using structured questionnaires and field

observations Analysis of randomly selected CBOs on point source supply &

pumping Scheme F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA, Contracted

Organizations

9. Corrective actions Follow impact assessment Preparation of action plan for further development based on an

analysis of issues using SWOT analysis

F & I by Chief Engineer (TSU), CDS, SS, CDA

Gender Action Plan (contd.)


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Women Representation in thePMU & CBOs

Description Target % Achievement %

Professional & technical staff(PMU,TSU,PSIU & POS)

25% 27-63 %

CBO executive committee 50% 25-50 %

Participatory representativemembers

50% 50 %

CBO membership 50% 25-54 %

O&M officials (CBO) 33% 30- 40 %

PMU Project Management Unit TSU Technical Support Unit

CBO Community Based Organization PSIU Pradeshiya Sabha Implementation Unit

PO

Partner Organization O&M

Operation & Maintenance


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Women Participation throughCommunity Organizations

Percentage of CBOs with Women Organizations -83%

Households received project assistance

DistrictWomen having

memberships in WOIncome

generation

Anuradhapura 42% 58%

Polonnaruwa 36% 51%


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Activities Carried out by Women inIncome Generation Programmes

Coir products Domestic sweets products Bricks making

Rice processing Agriculture products Home gardening Making of spices

Dress making Small boutiques Mobile merchantry


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Women Participation in IncomeGeneration Activities

Handcraft


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Farming

Floriculture

Crops

Women Participation in IncomeGeneration Activities


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Women Oriented Awareness Programmesunder Rural Component

Bank officials conducting

programmes on savingspractices

Introducing 5-S Concept

W P ti i ti i


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Women Participation inConstruction Activities

Sand Sieving


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Lessons Learned

Rural development as a tool to mitigate migration tourban centres

Importance of recognizing and harnessing culturalvalues of gender in decision making and implementation

process Enhanced womens participation in collaboration with men

Clergy and village leaders in advisory capacity

Properly motivated women are willing to take up office-bearer positions in the CBO


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Lessons Learned Contd Strong womens participation expedite project activities

Commitment and devotion to project success Encourage effective participation of men

Efficient in collection of cash contribution

High degree of honesty and capability to handle financialmanagement activities (establish transparency)

Access to water supply and sanitation services saves womentime for productive activities which enhance family income

Enhance living standards by women ensuring family healthand security

Enhance mutual respect and self esteem within familythrough collaborative participation in project and incomegenerating activities

Men are encouraged to work efficiently in the presence of

women


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Challenges

Meeting fast changing social conditions duringproject implementation Lack of participation in decision making

process in the absence of male partner

Lack of male participation in constructionactivities (unskilled labour)

Low market acceptance for village levelproducts

Technology gap in rural activities

Operational sustainability due to change in

social and individual needs


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THANK YOU

gender and water supply in sri lanka

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