gender and anti-corruption · 5 case study - mining sector in congo in congo’s artisanal mining...

GENDERANDANTI-CORRUPTIONSME AND ENTREPRENEUR TRAINING OCTOBER 2020

This training was developed within the B20 Saudi Arabia Integrity & Compliance taskforce. These training materials have been created under the leadership of Danielle Cannata, Senior Counsel of SABIC, and the Knowledge Partner Nicolette Kost de Sèvres, Mayer Brown Partner in Paris and Washington DC, and anti-corruption specialist, Christopher Costa, and have benefitted from the valuable contributions of numerous distinguished B20 members.

u TheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoalsaredesignedtobea"blueprinttoachieveabetterandmoresustainablefutureforall."SDG16callsforjusticeforall.Todaywearegoingtolookatcorruptionthroughagenderlensasweseektoachievethegoalofjusticeforall.

u InasurveyconductedbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammein2012,76%ofwomenrespondedthatcorruptionhaspreventedtheiraccesstopublicgoodsandservices.

u Thisisthecasedespitethefactthatseveralstudiessuggestthatwomenhaveatendencytobelesscorruptandthatcountriesorcompanieswithagreaternumberofwomenindecision-makingpositionsperformbetterintermsoftheircorruptionlevels.

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WHYAREWEHERETODAY?

UNSustainableDevelopmentGoal16Promotepeacefulandinclusivesocietiesforsustainabledevelopment,provideaccesstojusticeforalland

buildeffective,accountableandinclusiveinstitutionsatalllevels

• Inthistraining,wewillconsiderthespecificwaysinwhichwomeninmayexperiencerequestsforbribesandcorruptionandhowwomencanbepartofthesolution.

• Thegoalistomovewomenfrombeingthevictimsofunfairanddiscriminatorybusinesspracticestoaplaceofempowerment– asthecatalystsanddriversoffairandsustainablebusiness.

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WHYAREWEHERETODAY?

u Haveyoueverbeeninasituationinwhichlanguage/culturalunderstandinghasbeenintheway?

u Howmanyhavewitnessedfamilymembersbeingfavoredinaselectionprocessorgrantingofopportunities?

u Howmanyofyouthinkthatyoumissedbusinessopportunitiesbecauseanotherpartyhadbeenfavoredinsomeway?

u Howmanyofyouhaveeverbeenaskedtopayadditionalandunexplained“fees”whendealingwithagovernmentofficial?

u Howmanyofyouhavebeenaskedtopayoffavendortoexpeditethedeliveryofaservice/product?

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OPENINGDISCUSSION

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CASESTUDY- MININGSECTORINCONGOIn Congo’s artisanal mining sector, there are three types of traders: “Those who pay the diggers to extract minerals and then sell them to bigcompanies; those who buy minerals from the diggers; and those who own the pit, pay the diggers and sell minerals to the companies.”

Extortion - Emilienne Intongwa wanted to buy a mining pit. In order to obtain a small loan to set up her business she had to hand over thedocuments to her house : “If you find minerals, the trader will be your only buyer. If you don’t, you’ll either sort out your debt or he’ll seize yourproperty…”.

Bribes for Protection - As the first female pit owner in her region, Intongwa had to protect her business from men who were not used to womenowning mining pits. “The biggest challenge [to working in the mining site] was working with so many men,” Intongwa says. “At first, diggers wouldsteal from me and I had to pay extra money to find someone who could check on them.”

Sexual Exploitation / Sextortion - Stone crushers, also called “mama twangaises,” are the most discriminated category of the mining hierarchy andmust negotiate access to the mining sites by performing sexual acts. In many cases, they only get paid if they find gold among the crushed quartz.Neema Muyengo, who works as a mama twangaise, says: “I wake up every day at six and I walk for two hours to come here….Every day, the onlything I do is pound stones. I have to look after my family but, sometimes, I don’t even get paid and working so hard becomes useless.”

Response : The response was to put in place Collective Action for better implementation and communication of the regulations and the creation ofpools of resources funded by women miners. “Associations…are very important because, whenever a member is subjected to any sort of abuse, itgives them legal representation. Women alone seldom dare to denounce what happened and, even when they do, unless they are ready to paylarge sums of money, they are hardly able to file a complaint.”

u Inmanycountries,womenandgirlsstillfindithardtoenjoyequalrightsandopportunities.Wemayfacediscrimination,culturalorreligiousbias,harassmentandviolence. Attheextreme,sexualextortionandmodernslaverypracticesmaypersist.

u Inthefamilyrole,womenmayfacecorruptionaccessingpublicservicessuchashealthcareoreducation.Theculturalprevalenceofthesetypesofpracticescancarryoverintotheworkplaceaswell.

u Atthesametime,womenareanevergrowingsegmentofthebusinessworld ineverystepoftheeconomiccycleandareuniquelyplacedtohaveapositiveimpact.

u Womenshouldbeempowered tobepartofthesolutiontocorruption.

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WHYALINKBETWEENWOMENANDCORRUPTION?

u Womenwanttobeequalparticipantsintheeconomicsphereandwelcometheinformationandtoolstohelpachievethisgoal.

u Womencanbeempowered toresistsolicitationandbemoreawareoftheirrightsintheworkplace.

u Arewomenmoredetailoriented?u Arewomenbetteratfollowingrules?u Dowomennaturallyhavemoreintegrity?u Arewomenalreadymorefocusedonfightingforourequalplaceandthusmoreattunedtothewaysinwhichcorruptioncansetusback?

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WOMENASPARTOFTHESOLUTION

u Inmanydevelopingmarkets,someofthemostactiveandsuccessfulentrepreneurs arewomen.

u Women’sabilitytooptimizetheirbusinesscanbehamperedbyacombinationofcorruptionanddiscrimination.

u Nowisthetimetoraiseawarenessoftheexperiencethatwomenmayfaceinthecontextofcorruption.

u TheG20Anti-CorruptionWorkingGroup(ACWG)recognizeslinkagesbetweengenderandcorruption.

u Thisprojectwillhelpfurtherthatdialogueforaction.

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WOMENASPARTOFTHESOLUTION

1. Whatisbribery/corruption?

2. Howisbribery/corruptionexperiencedbywomen?

3. Whataretheeffectsofcorruption?

4. HowcanIdetect,prevent,andreportcorruption?

5. HowcanIhelpotherwomenfightcorruption?

6. WherecanIfindtrustworthysourcesforadditionalinformation/support?

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EXPECTEDLEARNINGOUTCOMES

u Corruptionistheabuseofpublicorprivateofficeforpersonalgain.Thismeansanybehaviorinwhichpeopleinthepublicorprivatesectorsimproperlyandunlawfullyenrichthemselvesorthoseclosetothem,orinduceotherstodoso,bymisusingtheirposition

– AsianDevelopmentBank

u Whilethereisnoharmonizeddefinitionofcorruptionworldwide,briberyisillegaleverywhere.

u Inmanycountries,theofferitselfisthecriminalact- itdoesnotevenhavetobeaccepted.

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WHATISBRIBERY/CORRUPTION?

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Customsofficerasksforsampleproductstoclearaconsignment

Taxofficerasksyoutohirehissonaspartofloweringtaxpenalty

Bureaucratrequestscigarettesinexchange

forofficialdocumentation

Governmentinspectorrequestsextracashto

issueapermit

Policeofficerasksforsexualfavorsinexchangeforrespondingtoemergencycall

Contractmanagerphysicallyintimidatesyouduringnegotiation

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Public(with agovernment

official)

Private(betweenprivate

parties)

Active(offeringorgiving)

Passive(receiving)

Corruption

TYPESOFCORRUPTIONFACEDBYWOMEN

• Somethingofvaluegiventoanofficialorpersoninpowertowinorretainbusinessincludingcash,gifts, entertainment,etc.

• SmallpaymentstogetsomeonetodotheirjobBribery

• Sexualactsorthreatsofadverseconsequencesmadeagainstanotherpersonunlessdemandsaremet(sextortion)

• Immigrationthreats,kidnapping,holdingforransomHumanRightsAbuse

• FavoringfriendsorfamilyinbusinessdecisionsFavoritism

• UseofdeceptiontoobtainanunfairadvantageFraud

• Decision-makingbasedonconflictingpersonalandprofessionalinterestsConflictsofinterest

Inourpersonallivesaswomen,wemayfacecorruption.

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CORRUPTIONFACEDBYWOMEN

Doctorsdemandingbribesto

advancetheschedulingof

surgery

Schooladministratorsaskingfor

paymentstoregister

childrenatstateschools

Teenagegirlatarefugeecampappliestocampadministratorforfood,soap,andmedicineshe’sentitledtoandneedstosurvive.Campadministratordemandssexbeforeturningoverthesupplies.

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CORRUPTIONFACEDBYWOMEN

Womenmayfeelthatourcapabilityisoverlookedin

favorofsomeoneappointingarelativeoraspaybacktoathirdparty.

Whencorruptionisroutineinprivatelife,itwilloftenariseinthebusinesscontextaswell.

Womendealingwithgovernment/

procurementofficialswhoabusetheirpositionof

relativepowerwhentheybelievethatwomen

shouldnotberunningabusiness.

Womenmayneedtoresistdemandsforsexualfavors,orthreatswhenseekingabusinesspermit/licenseor

contract.

u Ifyoupayabribeorotherwiseengageinbribery/corruption,youarebreakingthelawandcouldfaceseriousconsequences

u Financial – finesandpenalties

u Legal – criminal(sometimesinothercountriesaswellasyourown)

u Administrative – exclusionfrompublicbiddingandcontracts

u Reputational – largercompaniesmaynotwanttoworkwithyou

WHATARETHEEFFECTSOFCORRUPTION?

u Evenifitis“justthewaybusinessisdone”locally,corruptionisstilldamagingandillegal- localcultureisn’tajustification!

u Givingbribescandamageyourreputation andyoucanlosetheopportunitytoselltolargercompaniesthatexpectacleansupplychain

WHATARETHEEFFECTSOFCORRUPTION?

Slowsprocesses

Fostersinequalityofemploymentopportunities

Createsunequalandlimitedaccesstogoodsandpublic

services

Wastesresourcesand

hindersdevelopment

Corruption

u Howmanyofyouthinkthatordinarypeoplecanmakeadifferencetostopcorruption?

u Howmanythinkpeoplecanreportcorruption?

u Wecanallbeempoweredtoresistsolicitationwhenfacedwitharequestforabribe.

u Thefollowingslidesdescribesomegoodtechniquesandpracticestouseindifferentscenarios.

u Eachscenarioprovidesafewdifferentsuggestionsforaction.

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DETECT,PREVENTANDREPORTCORRUPTION

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SCENARIO1– CUSTOMSOFFICERASKSFORSMALLCASHPAYMENTTOCLEARMERCHANDISE

Asktotalktotheirsupervisor

Suggesttopaythecustomsdepartmentandnottheperson

Askforreceiptorinvoiceaswellasonlinebankingdetails

Findoutifthecustomsauthorityhasahigh-levelreportingmechanism

Ifareportingmechanismexists,useittoreportontherequestor

Asktoreceivetherequestinwriting

Reporttherequestthroughthecompany’scompliancereportingchannels

SCENARIO2– COMPANYPROCUREMENTEMPLOYEESAYSTHATTIMEALONETOGETHERWILLGETYOUONTOTHEBIDLISTFORANEWSALE

Keeprecordsandnotesofall

interactionswiththeprocurementofficersothatyoucaninformthe

companyinvestigatoraccordingly

Findoutaboutavailablechannelsandthenusethem,

including:

Email

Companywebsite

Phone

Livediscussionwiththeemployee’smanageror

humanresourcesrepresentative

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SCENARIO3– REQUESTFORSEXBYAGOVERNMENTPROCUREMENTOFFICERTOSECUREACONTRACT

Threatento(andthendo)informthe

requestor’ssupervisoror

complianceofficerifyoufeelsafetodoso/orifthelawprotectsyou

Gobacktothesolicitingpersonwithatleastonewitness

(management,adviser,bankrepresentative)

Requesttobeaccompaniedbya

lawyerorindependentparty

toreducetheprobabilityofbeingaskedtomakea

bribe

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SCENARIO4– REQUESTFORASURCHARGETOSECUREABUILDINGPERMIT

Requestawrittenofficiallicense

proceduretotestthe

legitimacyofthedemand

Explainthatyoucannot

payindividuals,butonlytoabankaccountofthepublicauthority

Askforofficial

receiptsfromthelocalauthority

Notifytheauthority’ssenior

leadership/supervising

body

SCENARIO5– TRASHCOLLECTORREQUESTSAFEWPICTURESOFYOUINEXCHANGEFORPICKINGUPTRASHFROMYOURFACILITY

Ifyouareaskedtodosomethingthatmakesyouuncomfortable,youhavearighttosayno

Talktopeopleyoutrustwhomaybeabletochangethesituationsuchasothersinyourcompanyorcommunity

Theserequestscanbehardertostopifyouinitiallycomply

Donotsharemobilephonenumber,emailaddressoranyotherinformationthatcanmakeiteasierforthepersontoreachyou

Donotsharepicturesoronlinedetails

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HOWCANIHELPOTHERWOMENFIGHTCORRUPTION?

Foranyprojectthatyouareinvolvedwith,findoutwhatexternalreportingchannelsareavailableandletyouremployeesknowaboutthemaswell

• Knowwhatexternalwhistleblowingchannelsareavailabletoraiseconcernsbyresearchinglocalchannelsatthestartofaproject.

• Letwomeninyourcompanyknowthattheycanalwayscometoyoutodiscussconcernsconfidentiallyiftheydonotfeelcomfortableusinganofficialwhistleblowingchannel.

• Helpwomentodraftwrittenstatementsifnecessary.• Workcollectivelywithotherstostandupagainstcorruption.• Speakoutonsocialmedia- #womenagainstcorruption.

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Ensurearobustinternalwhistleblowerprogramwherewomenfeelsafetoraiseconcerns

• Itisimportanttohavetheappropriateinternalchannelstoencouragewomentoraiseconcernsconfidentially

• Fearofreprisalorthesensethatthereisnorewardfordoingsomaystopwomenfromreporting

• Youcanencouragewomentotalktoyouinasafe,women-onlyenvironment• Showappreciationfortheircouragetocomeforward• Reassurewomenthattheywon’tlosetheirjobsbyspeakingup

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Regulartraining foryouandalloftheotherwomeninyourcompany– andoffer“trainthetrainer”sessionstohavemorewidespreadimpact

• Topicssuggested:• WhatiscorruptionandhowcanIresistsolicitation?• Gender-relateddiscriminationandcorruption• Consequencesofengaginginprohibitedbehavior• HowcanItalktomysupervisororcustomersaboutwhatIamexperiencing?

• HowcanIengagewithgovernmentemployees?• HowcanIfindoutaboutavailablereportingchannelswhenIworkwithgovernmentsorlargercompanies?

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Create acultureofadvocacy

• Ensureagoodtoneofcomplianceandopennesstohearingissuesfromyouremployeesandcolleagues

• Reward goodandethicalbehavior– thankwomenforbringingissuestoyourattentionandmakethemfeelappreciated

• Fosterwomen’snetworkinganddiscussiongroupswherewomencantalkovertheirexperiences

• Engagewithlocaladvocacygroupstofindoutwhatothersaredoingandhaveagreaterimpact

• Connectwithbusinessfederationsasmanywillhavespecialsectionsestablishedforethicsandcompliance

Womencanbechampionsagainstcorruption!• InZimbabwe,NyaradzoMutonhori,heardthatacertainpowerfulpoliticianinHararewasextortingsexualfavorsfromwomenapplyingforstate-subsidizedhousing.• Thewomenwenttothepolicemanytimesbutbecausethismanwieldedgreatinfluenceinthecommunity,theircomplaintsweredismissed.• NyaradzoMutonhoristeppedin,helpingthewomentodraftdetailedstatementsandaccompanyingthemtothepolicestationtoopenapropercaseagainsttheman.• Soonafterthattheharassmentstopped,thewomen’sapplicationswereprocessedandtheygottheirhousinggrants.• Fromthatmoment,Nyaradzoknewthatshecouldplayavitalroleinhelpingwomenfightcorruptioninhercountry.

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HOWDOESTHISALLCOMETOGETHER?

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APPENDIX:LISTOFRESOURCESONCORRUPTIONANDWOMEN

OECD

• OECDConventiononCombatingBriberyofForeignPublicOfficialsinInternationalBusinessTransactions,availableat:http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/ConvCombatBribery_ENG.pdf

• OECDantibriberyconventionstatesthefollowinginitsarticle1:“EachPartyshalltakesuchmeasuresasmaybenecessarytoestablishthatitisacriminaloffenceunderitslawforanypersonintentionallytooffer,promiseorgiveanyunduepecuniaryorotheradvantage,whetherdirectly or throughintermediaries,toaforeignpublicofficial,forthatofficialorforathirdparty,inorderthattheofficialactorrefrainfromactinginrelationtotheperformanceofofficialduties,inordertoobtainorretainbusinessorotherimproperadvantageintheconductofinternationalbusiness.”andinitscommentariesonpage11:“ThisConventiondealswithwhat,inthelawofsomecountries,iscalled“activecorruption”or“activebribery”,meaningtheoffencecommittedbythepersonwhopromisesorgivesthebribe,ascontrastedwith“passivebribery”,theoffencecommittedbytheofficialwhoreceivesthebribe”.WhilethereisnoofficialdefinitionintheUNCACarticle15andarticle21oftheconventionprovidethedefinitionofBriberyofnationalpublicofficialsandBriberyintheprivatesectorrespectively.

• OECD,G20Anti-CorruptionWorkingGroupActionPlan2019-2021andExtractfromG20LeadersCommuniqué,December11-14,2018,availableat:https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DAF/WGB/RD(2018)10&docLanguage=En

• OECD,Glossarycorruption,availableat:http://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/39532693.pdf

UnitedNations(UN)

• ConventionagainstCorruption (UNCAC),availableat:https://www.unodc.org/unodc/corruption/tools_and_publications/UN-convention-against-corruption.html

UNDevelopmentProgram(UNDP)

• SeeingBeyondTheState:GrassrootsWomen’sPerspectivesonCorruptionandAnti-corruption,October2012,availableat:https://www.unwomen.org/en/docs/2012/10/grassroots-womens-perspectives-on-corruption

• UNDPTrainingonGenderEquality,Women’sEmpowermentandAnti-Corruption,availableat:https://anti-corruption.org/UNDP_Anticorruption_Gender2015_WBT_100516/story.html

• UNDPBusinessIntegrityToolkitforYoungEntrepreneurs,availableat:https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/business-integrity-toolkit-for-young-entrepreneurs.html

• UNDPFairBizProject,availableat:https://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/programmes-and-initiatives/Fair-Biz.html

UNsustainabledevelopmentGoals

• Goal5:Achievegenderequalityandempowerallwomenandgirls,availableat:https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/

• Goal16:Promotejust,peacefulandinclusivesocieties,availableat:https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/

UNGlobalCompact

• RESIST– ResistingExtortionandSolicitationinInternationalTransactions,availableat:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/157

• FightingCorruptionintheSupplyChain:AGuideforCustomersandSuppliers,availableat:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/153

UNWomen

• UNTrustFundtoEndViolenceagainstWomen,CaseStudy:Tanzania:Makingmarketssaferforwomentraders,availableat:https://untf.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2017/03/tanzania-making-markets-safer-for-women-traders

UnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime(UNODC)

• UniversityModuleSeriesonAnti-Corruption,availableat:https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/tertiary/anti-corruption.html “(WhenreferringtotheE4JModulepleaseacknowledgeitbyusingthefollowingformulation:[Nameofcompany/organization]issupportingtheEducationforJustice(E4J)initiative,launchedbytheUnitedNationsOfficeonDrugsandCrime,bydeliveringcoursesinspiredbyE4JModules.[Nameofcompany/organization]therebyaims to contributetotheachievementoftheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandparticularlySDG16.”)

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ICRWInternationalCenterforResearchonwomen

• Women’sEnterprises:CorruptionandCrime(October2019),availableat:https://www.icrw.org/issues/employment-and-enterprises/

U4Anti-CorruptionResourceCenter :https://www.u4.no/topics/gender

• Aremenandwomenequallycorrupt?ByFrédéric Boehm,Bergen:Chr.Michelsen Institute(U4Brief2015:6)4p.,availableat:https://www.u4.no/publications/are-men-and-women-equally-corrupt

• Thegenderedimpactofcorruption:Whosuffersmore– menorwomen?ByErikaSierraandFrédéric BoehmBergen:Chr.Michelsen Institute(U4Brief2015:9)4p,availableat:https://www.u4.no/publications/the-gendered-impact-of-corruption-who-suffers-more-men-or-womenhttps://anti-corruption.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Grassroots-women-and-anti-corruption.pdf

TraceInternational• TrainingforThirdPartyIntermediaries,availableat:https://traceinternational.org/compliance-training

TransparencyInternational

• Gender,EqualityandCorruption:WhatAreTheLinkages?,2014,availableat:https://images.transparencycdn.org/images/2014_Policybrief1_GenderEqualityCorruption_EN.pdf

• TransparencyInternationalGuideonGenderandcorruption,2016,availableat:https://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas/Topic_guide_gender_corruption_Final_2016.pdf

• TransparencyInternational,“Whatiscorruption?”,availableat:https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption

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B20– G20

• B20-G20Anti-CorruptionToolkitforSMEs,availableat:https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/e0b6c17a/files/uploaded/B20-G20%20Anti-corruptionToolkit%20for%20SMEs%202015.1.pdf

• JointStatementbyB20Argentina,C20ArgentinaandW20Argentina,#Corruptiontoo:Whygendermattersforanti-corruption,2018,availableat:https://civil-20.org/c20/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Joint-Statement-Gender-and-Corruption-1.pdf

• C20Statement:"recognize,condemnandadoptaneffectivecriminalframeworkthataddressesharassmentandsexualextortion(‘sextortion’)asagenderedformofcorruptionandviolence."

• JointStatementbyC20,L20,T20,W20andY20onEliminatingViolenceandHarassmentintheWorldofWork,2019,availableat:http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/c20/2019-C20-L20-T20-W20-Y20-FINAL-Joint-Statement-on-Eliminating-Violence-and-Harassment-in-the-World-of-Work2.pdf

• OECD,G20Anti-CorruptionWorkingGroupActionPlan2019-2021andExtractfromG20LeadersCommuniqué,December11-14,2018,availableat:https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DAF/WGB/RD(2018)10&docLanguage=En

• Women'sEmpowermentPrinciplesFlyer(EstablishedbyUNGlobalCompactandUNWomen),availableat:https://www.weps.org/resource/womens-empowerment-principles-flyer

AllianceforIntegrityWomen’sPrograms

• CorruptionpreventionTrainingProgramme andotherinitiatives,availableat:https://www.allianceforintegrity.org/en/offer/training-programme/andhttps://www.allianceforintegrity.org/en/news/messages/launch-event-of-the-first-integri-tea-in-india.php

TheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(Sida)

• GenderandCorruption,GenderToolBox,2015,availableat:https://www.sida.se/English/publications/159390/gender-and-corruption/

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TheQualityofGovernmentInstitute(QOG)UniversityofGothenburg

• Theeffectofgenderoncorruption,2019,availableat:https://qog.pol.gu.se/news/news-detail//the-effect-of-gender-on-corruption.cid1667356

ThomsonReutersFoundation,InternationalAssociationofWomenJudgesandMarval,O’FarrellandMairal

• CombatingSextortion:AComparativeStudyofLawstoProsecuteCorruptionInvolvingSexualExploitation,availableat:http://www.trust.org/publications/i/?id=588013e6-2f99-4d54-8dd8-9a65ae2e0802

Videos

• CNBC:CostofCorruption,availableat:https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/10/18/cnbc-explains-whats-the-cost-of-corruption.html

• TransparencyInternational:HowDoesCorruptionAffectYou,availableat:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuwdoOuo2MLU2ebspAWKcxQ

• TransparencyInternational:InternationalWomen’sDay,2020,availableat:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ6yQrqwi_k• GlobalEthicsSolutions:BusinessGiftsandBribery,availableat:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQdfD227NBA

• CityofLondonPolice:BriberyandCorruption- TheConversation,availableat:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0HAjm3ApdU

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gender and anti-corruption · 5 case study - mining sector in congo in congo’s artisanal mining...

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