gender, agriculture and assets project: a model for research and capacity building

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Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research & capacity building Nancy Johnson, International Livestock Research Institute on behalf of GAAP team Organized Symposium on “Innovations in methods for analyzing the gender-asset gap in agriculture” IAAE Foz do Iguaçu August 22, 2012

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Presentation by Nancy Johnson at the 28th triennial conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, 18-24 August 2012.

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Page 1: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research & capacity building

Nancy Johnson,

International Livestock Research Institute on behalf of GAAP team

Organized Symposium on “Innovations in methods for

analyzing the gender-asset gap in agriculture” IAAE

Foz do Iguaçu August 22, 2012

 

Page 2: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Goals of GAAP

Works with agricultural development projects in SSA and SA to:   Generate evidence on the role of assets in 

projects and the impacts of projects on women’s assets and the gender‐asset gap 

Build capacity among project implementers and project evaluators to incorporate gender and assets in their work  

Page 3: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

GAAP Partners

Page 4: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Mid-term Workshop BRAC, Nov 2011

Page 5: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Outline

• Conceptual framework • Methods for evaluation • Methods for capacity building 

Page 6: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Why have a conceptual framework?

Photo credit: Agnes Quisumbing 

Page 7: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Why have a conceptual framework? • To clarify HOW:  Gendered asset distribution affects outcomes  Outcomes of agricultural programs differ by gender  Building assets takes place in a way that is gendered 

 

• To guide attention to key processes for evaluation 

• To provide a basis for comparison and learning across different case studies  

• To offer an organizing frame for synthesis  

Page 8: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Livelihood Strategies  Full Incomes 

Consumption 

Savings/ Investment 

Well‐being 

Shocks 

Context: Ecological, Social, Economic, Political factors, etc. 

Women  Joint  Men 

Assets 

Legend: 

Page 9: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Each component is gendered     

• Women and men have separate assets, activities, consumption, etc. • Households also have some joint assets, activities, consumption, etc. • Shading of each component as a reminder that we need to consider 

gender—separation and jointness in each • Meinzen‐Dick et al, 2011, Gender, Assets, and Agricultural 

Development Programs: A Conceptual Framework,” CAPRi Working Paper No. 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/CAPRiWP99  

 

Women’s  Men’s JOINT 

Page 10: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Assets

Natural Physical

Financial 

Social Political

Human

Page 11: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Livelihood Strategies  Full Incomes 

Consumption 

Savings/ Investment 

Well‐being 

Shocks 

Mapping projects to the framework

Assets 

Asset distribution (eg land, livestock, training, support to groups)

Question: Who gets the asset and what implications for that have for LS, well being and the gender-asset gap?

Page 12: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Livelihood Strategies  Full Incomes 

Consumption 

Savings/ Investment 

Well‐being 

Shocks 

Mapping projects to the framework

Assets 

Promotion of new/ improved livelihoods strategies (technologies, businesses)

Questions: What assets are required to adopt? How does adoption affect outcomes, well being and the G-A gap?

Page 13: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Evaluation approach: Mixed methods

All projects had quantitative baseline surveys, but variables not gender disaggregated  GAAP complemented existing surveys with new 

modules and/or rounds of data collection  Few projects planned qualitative analysis as part of their evaluations  GAAP funded qualitative work on the meaning and 

importance of assets to men and women, and the links between assets, project activities, and outcomes 

  

Page 14: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Modifications to quant surveys

New or revised modules: Full household roster (including cows in

one case!) Gender disaggregation in: • Assets (current and retrospective) • Labor • Control over key inputs, outputs, income Didn’t always ask men and women

http://gaap.ifpri.info

Page 15: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Qualitative

• Mainly focus group discussions • Depending on dates, purpose was to

inform quantitative and explore project impacts and evaluation findings

Page 16: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

        

Own‐project funded  With GAAP support 

Name of project/ country 

Intervention and definition of treatment group 

Comparison group 

Baseline and other quant surveys 

Qual  Qual work  Endline 

BRAC: Challenging Frontiers of Poverty Reduction‐Targeting Ultra Poor (Bangladesh) 

Grants of livestock, land, or funds, training; 

RCT  Baseline: May‐Dec 2007 (26,977 households sampled); 1st follow‐up: Jul‐Dec 2009; 2nd follow‐up: Mar‐Jul 2011 

‐  Feb‐Jun 2011   

Quant add‐on survey with gender/assets focus: Jan‐Apr 2012 

CARE‐BD: Strengthening Dairy Value Chain (Bangladesh) 

Organizes/ trains dairy farmer groups, group leaders, milk collectors, and livestock health workers 

PSM  Quant including sex‐disaggregated asset module: Baseline in 2008 (1,500 households sampled)   

Jan 2011   

Sept 2011   Nov‐Dec 2012     

Endline  planned  for Sep‐Oct 2012   

LOL: Mozambique Dairy Production 

Transfer of dairy cows; training 

Early v late recipient 

Baseline 2009 and endline in 2012 (~650 hh) and endline 2012 

Apr‐May 2011 

Midline conducted2011 

HKI: Homestead Food Production (Burkina Faso) 

Training through: (1) farmers groups; or (2) grandmothers 

RCT  Baseline in 2010 2011; Social network census, Operations research 

   Operations research 2012 

Gender‐assets modules in endline2012 

Page 17: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

         Own‐project funded  With GAAP support 

Name of project/country 

Intervention and treatment group 

Comparison group 

Quant  Qual  Qual  Endline 

HPlus: Reaching End User program of Orange Sweet Potato (Uganda) 

Providing vines,  extension messages, and nutrition messages to farmers groups (intense/less intense)  

Randomized control trial 

Baseline 2007 Endline 2009 Social network survey 2011 

   Qual work 2011 

Social network survey (add on) 

KS: Treadle pumps (Tanzania, Kenya) 

Market driven intervention, treadle pumps for micro‐irrigation 

Comparison of early vs late buyers 

Baseline June‐Nov 2010, 6 month follow up for anthro Jan‐Feb 2011 in Kenya only. (~615 hhlds /cohort ) 

May 2011.    

Cereal Systems in South Asia (CSISA (India) 

Resource‐conserving technologies provided in CSISA hubs 

Nearby villages, non‐adopter households (likely 2‐stage regression) 

Baseline in 2010 (~350)     Qual work in 2011 

Midline in 2012 

Landesa (India)  Regularization of land titles Microplots (Odisha), purchase and allocation of land (WB) 

PSM (likely)  Baseline between June 2010‐July 2011. Baseline in WB is ‘rolling’ meaning after title but before move (T=803, C = 570), Baseline in Odisha, T = 551, C = 789. 

   August‐Sept 2012 

Midline (funded by GAAP) will take place in Sept‐Oct 2012 

Page 18: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Some emerging findings

• Jointness of ownership and control is very nuanced and very important 

• Project investments in women’s human and social capital may have direct and indirect impacts 

• Need to involve men in projects that target resources to women 

• Many agricultural development projects increase women’s workload  

Page 19: Gender, Agriculture and Assets Project: A model for research and capacity building

Experience of working with development projects

• Generally positive, and not related to direction of impacts  

• Some documented uptake of methods and lessons in new projects, by implementers and evaluation partners 

• Commissioning an evaluation of the impact of capacity building impacts of GAAP (ALINe) 

• Will produce a “Practitioners guide” that will update Quisumbing and McClafferty, 2006