gen rx—the next generation of medicine · disc replacements are becoming more common prevalence...
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![Page 1: Gen rX—The Next Generation of Medicine · Disc Replacements Are Becoming More Common Prevalence and Cost 9% lower incurred medical $36Kaverage cost per surgical visit, 3% higher](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052014/602ad5da224a1b02881956c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Gen rX—The NextGeneration of Medicine
Raji ChadarevianDirector, Medical Regulation & InformaticsNCCI
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Treatment
P a y m e n tM e c h a n i s m s
MedicalTechnology
Delivery
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Delivery
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Who Is Delivering Medical Services?
Physical Therapists
Nonphysicians
Physician Assistants
Nurse Anesthetists
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2012 2018
59%
Nonphysician Share of All Professional Services
47%
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Nonphysician Employment Is Growing RapidlyU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics (per Capita)
Nurse Practitioner
Physician Assistant
Physical TherapistPhysicians
2012 2018
+6%+15%
+32%
+63%
Actual Growth
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20122012 2018
Nurse Practitioner
Physician Assistant
Physical Therapist
Physicians
2028
0%
+14%
+20%
+23%
GrowthProjected
Nonphysician Employment Is Growing RapidlyU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics (per Capita)
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How Are Services Delivered?Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring
Office Setting
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Lower physical therapy costs
Potential Cost Savings
Potential 2% to 6%medical cost savings in WC resulting from:
reduce ER visits
fewer hospital readmissions
from sessions conducted in patients’ homes
Remotely triaging less serious injuries to
Improved at‐home monitoring resulting in
Telemedicine and Remote Patient Monitoring
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Where Are Surgeries Performed?
Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)and Outpatient Facilities
Hospitals and Traditional Inpatient Facilities
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38%
43%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Outpatient Surgeries Are Shifting From Hospitals to ASCsShare of Major Outpatient Surgeries Performed at an ASC
+13%
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The Prevalence of ASCs Varies by State Share of Major Outpatient Surgeries Performed at an ASC–2018
8%
65%
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Treatment
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Overall Opioid Use Is on the Decline Share of All Rx Claims Receiving Opioids
Rx Rx
2012 2018
55%34%
38% decrease
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Pain Lasting Longer Than Three Months Is Chronic
60% of all claims receiving medical services after 90 days are chronic pain claims
70% of chronic pain claims receive opioids
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Chronic Pain Claims Are Receiving Fewer OpioidsAverage Morphine Milligram Equivalents for Claims Prescribed Opioids
‐48%
1,416
734
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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Recent Trends in Chronic Pain TreatmentMassage
131% increase since 2012
1 out of every 105 chronic pain claims received massage services in 2018
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Recent Trends in Chronic Pain TreatmentOrthotics
1 out of every 2 chronic pain claims received an orthotic in 2018
26% increase since 2012
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Recent Trends in Chronic Pain TreatmentPhysical Therapy
23 visits per chronic pain claim during the 1st year of injury in 2018
15% increase since 2012
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Recent Trends in Chronic Pain TreatmentMental Health
1 out of every 42 chronic pain claims received mental health services in 2018
20% increase since 2012
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518% increase since 2012
Recent Trends in Chronic Pain TreatmentPlatelet‐Rich Plasma
1 out of every 257 chronic pain claims received a platelet‐rich plasma treatment in 2018
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Chronic Pain Management is Evolving
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Causes of Neck Injuries
Share of Neck Injuries by Cause
Strain or InjuryMotor Vehicle
Fall or Slip Injury
Struck or Injured By
Other
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Accident Year
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Less than with major surgery1%
Neck Pain
Neck Surgery by Medical Condition
24% of active neck claims
85% of major neck surgeries
Cervical Disc Disorders
Cervical Spine Degeneration
Cervical Radiculopathy/Myelopathy
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Neck Surgical Alternatives
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement
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Share of Major Neck Surgeries
3% 9%
2012 2018
Disc Replacements Are Becoming More CommonPrevalence and Cost
9% lower incurred medical
$36K average cost per surgical visit, 3% higher than fusion
19% lower incurred indemnity
Disc Replacement Compared to Fusion
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A 2019 Health Quality Ontario Study Suggests
Quicker Recovery
Faster Return‐to‐Work
Lower Rate of Reoperation
Disc Replacement
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Medical Technology
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Severe Spinal Cord Injuries Often Require Long‐Term Care
$3.2M Medical
$0.4M Indemnity60% Unpaid
Home Healthcare Services
$0.8M of unpaid medical costs
Average incurred at 2nd report:
$2M Unpaid Medical
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Stem Cell Research on Spinal Cord InjuriesMayo Clinic Case Study
Stem cells were taken from the patient’s body fat.
They were given time to multiply in a lab.
They were then injected into the patient's lumbar spine.
The patient regained his ability to walk.
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Cell Therapy in Knee Surgery Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
Repairs/RegrowsKnee Cartilage
75% Caused by Strain or Slip & Fall
1997
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Cell Therapy in Knee Surgery Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)
Repairs/RegrowsKnee Cartilage
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Changes in ACI Surgery
Matrix‐Induced ACI (MACI®)
The Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation was created by the FDA in 2016.
Cultured cells on a collagen membrane
Average price $42k
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100%
70%48%
30%52%
ACI VisitsWith MACI® vs. Without MACI®
$47.0 $45.7
$61.4$64.6
Distribution of Visits Paid per Visit ($000s)
2012‐2016 2017 2018 2017 2018
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Robotic Surgical Assistance
A type of minimally invasive surgery
Can use multiple robotic “arms”including a camera arm
Minimizes size of operating appendage at the surgery site
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Pros and Cons
Greater Reach and Precision
Reduces Surgeon Fatigue
Expensive
Pros Cons
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How Is Robotic Assistance Being Used in WC Surgeries?
Inguinal Hernias 65%
Other Hernias19%
Knee/Hip/Thigh Degenerative/Overuse
All Other Diagnoses
7%
9%
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Inguinal Hernia Injuries Requiring Surgery
90% caused by strain
4th Most Paid
Outpatient Surgery Rankings:
13th Most Frequent
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Share of Inguinal Hernia Surgery Visits Using Robotic Assistance
2012 20182015
0.0%
0.9%
5.4%
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$8.5
$1.8$1.8
$12.1
$6.5
$1.8$0.5
$8.9
Hernia Surgery Paid Per Visit ($000) Comparison of Facility, Physician, and All Other Costs
Outpatient
No Robotic Assistance
(78% of Visits)ASC
(22% of Visits)
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$8.5
$1.8$1.8
$12.1
$6.5
$1.8$0.5
$8.9
$6.5
$1.8$0.5
$8.9
ASCASC
$13.3
$1.9
$2.9
$18.1
Hernia Surgery Paid Per Visit ($000) Comparison of Facility, Physician, and All Other Costs
Outpatient
No Robotic Assistance
Outpatient
With Robotic Assistance
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Future of Robotic Surgery
More surgeons using robotic surgery
Telesurgery
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P a y m e n t M e c h a n i s m s
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Value‐Based Programs
Value of Care Quality of Care
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Value‐Based Payment Mechanisms
Amount paid is determined by the number of patients
Single payment covers all the services included in a defined treatment of care
Treatment coordinated through primary care physician
Capitation
Bundled Payments
Patient‐Centered Medical Homes
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Bundling in Workers Compensation
HAS EXISTEDHospital Inpatient Stays
RECENTLY ADOPTEDHospital Outpatient Surgeries
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0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Packaging states include AK, CT, DC, GA, ID, IN, ME, MS, MT, NC, SC, and TN. Other States include AL, AR, AZ, CO, FL, HI, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, OK, OR, RI, SD, UT, VA, VT, WI, and WV.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery Indexed Paid per VisitStates With Outpatient Packaging vs. All Other States
‐10.2%
+5.1%
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0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Packaging states include AK, CT, DC, GA, ID, IN, ME, MS, MT, NC, SC, and TN. Other States include AL, AR, AZ, CO, FL, HI, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, OK, OR, RI, SD, UT, VA, VT, WI, and WV.
Lower Back Disc Surgery Indexed Paid per VisitStates With Outpatient Packaging vs. All Other States
‐4.6%
+4.1%
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Alana Ergui
David Colón (Lead)
Delano Brown
Felix Muñiz
Jon Sinclair
Sean Cooper
Contributors
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Data Sources
NCCI’s Medical Data Call
Jurisdictions included: AK, AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC,FL, GA,HI, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO,MS, MT, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, OK, OR, RI, SC, SD, TN, UT, VA, VT, WI, and WV
Services provided between 1/1/2012 and 12/31/2018
NCCI’s Statistical Plan
Accident Years 2015 to 2017
Includes all states where NCCI provides ratemaking services
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Employment Statistics
Employment Projections
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce—Population Estimates
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“History,” Ambulatory Surgical Center Association, accessed on April 2020, https://www.ascassociation.org/aboutus/whatisanasc/history#
“Find an Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) Near You,” Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, accessed on April 2020, https://data.cms.gov/asc‐lookup
“Ambulatory Surgery Centers: A Positive Trend in Health Care,” Ambulatory Surgical Center Association, October 2011,https://www.ascassociation.org/asca/communities/community‐home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=7d8441a1‐82dd‐47b9‐b626‐8563dc31930c
“2018 Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Market: Projected to Increase from $36 Billion in 2018, to $40 Billion by 2020 — ResearchAndMarkets.com,”businesswire, October 2018, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181011005301/en/2018‐Ambulatory‐Surgery‐Center‐ASC‐Market‐Projected
“10 Key Trends for ASCs and Outpatient Surgery in the Next 10 Years,” by Laura Dyrda, Becker’s ASC Review, April 2018, https://www.beckersasc.com/asc‐news/10‐key‐trends‐for‐ascs‐and‐outpatient‐surgery‐in‐the‐next‐10‐years.html
Occupational Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, March 2020, https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm
Employment Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, March 2020, https://www.bls.gov/emp/data/occupational‐data.htm
Population Estimates, United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, March 2020, https://data.census.gov/cedsci/
References—Delivery
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“Therapeutic Massage for Pain Relief,” Harvard Medical School, July 2016, https://www.health.harvard.edu/alternative‐and‐complementary‐medicine/therapeutic‐massage‐for‐pain‐relief
“The Immediate Effect of a Soft Knee Brace on Pain, Activity Limitations, Self‐reported Knee Instability, and Self‐reported Knee Confidence in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis,” by Tomasz Cudejko et al., National Center for Biotechnology Information, December 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5709997/
“Does a Brace Influence Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair?,” by M. Conti et al., National Center for Biotechnology Information, September 2015, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957544
“Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Outpatient Physical Therapy for Medicare Beneficiaries With Musculoskeletal Conditions,” by Julie M. Fritz et al., Oxford Academic and American Physical Therapy Association, March 2011, https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article/91/3/330/2734997
“Relationship of Physical Therapy Inpatient Rehabilitation Interventions and Patient Characteristics to Outcomes Following Spinal Cord Injury: The SCIRehabproject,” by Laura Teeter et al., National Center for Biotechnology Information, November 2012, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3522894/
“Extra Physical Therapy Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Improves Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in People With Acute or Subacute Conditions: A Systematic Review,” by Casey L. Peiris et al., PlumX Metrics, September 2011, https://www.archives‐pmr.org/article/S0003‐9993(11)00247‐4/fulltext
“Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Managing Pain,” by Francis J. Keefe, Duke University Medical Center, 1996, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c5dd/007fcdb79e49d25015f16c45cf72c9d517b2.pdf
“Platelet‐Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections,” Hospital for Special Surgery, accessed on April 2020, https://www.hss.edu/condition‐list_prp‐injections.asp
References—Treatments
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“Mayo Clinic Patient Takes First Steps Toward a Medical Breakthrough,” by Sean Baker, Med City Beat, 2019, https://www.medcitybeat.com/news‐blog/2019/paralyzed‐patient‐walks‐again‐mayo‐clinic
"The Evolution of Advanced Therapies: A 200‐Year History," by Nicola Ambler, September 2020, https://www.phacilitate.co.uk/article/evolution‐advanced‐therapies‐200‐year‐history
“SOS Save Our Surgeons: Stress Levels Reduced by Robotic Surgery,” by AM Hurley, et al. May 2015. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10397‐015‐0891‐7
“Robotic Surgery,” MedlinePlus ‐ US National Library of Medicine ‐ National Institutes of Health, April 2019, https://medlineplu s.gov/ency/article/007339.htm
“Robotic Surgery: Finding Value in 2019 and Beyond” by Perez RE, et al., Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery (ALES), May 2019, https://ales.amegroups.com/article/view/5205/html
“Telesurgery: Past, Present, and Future” by Choi, Paul J, et al., PubMed Central (PMC) ‐ US National Library of Medicine ‐ National Institutes of Health, May 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6067812
References—Medical Technology
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“New Market Survey Findings Reveal Opportunities and Barriers to Adopting Value‐based Payment Models,” DataGen® Market Report, March 2020, http://datagen.info/new‐market‐survey‐findings‐reveal‐opportunities‐and‐barriers‐to‐adopting‐value‐based‐payment‐models/
“Value‐Based Care Model Needs More Review Before Implementation in Workers’ Comp,” by Denise Johnson, Jan 2019, https://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2019/01/22/288826.htm
References—Payment Mechanisms