FALL SEMESTER FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Geller’s Splendid SophomoresDecember 2013

Ethos, Pathos, LogosETHOS PATHOS LOGOS

Focuses on credibility of speaker, expertise (3)

Focuses on emotions (2)

Logical; uses facts to support a claim (1)

Celebrity testimonial (7)

Sad homeless puppies (4)

“Four out of five dentists recommend Crest” (6)

Images that appeal to people’s desires and/or insecurities (5)

Data, statistics, research studies (8,9)

Literary Elements

10. In public speaking, repetition is used for EMPHASIS11. The struggle between opposing forces in a work of literature is CONFLICT (can be internal or external)12. Central message that readers can apply to life is the THEME (big idea)13. Protagonist’s conflict is with the ANTAGONIST

Literary Elements

Point of View: Third person limited: Narrator is outside the

action, uses “he/she,” audience only sees the action through the eyes of one character

Third person omniscient: “All-knowing” narrator FIRST PERSON (14): Narrator is also a character,

uses “I/we” 15. A reference to another work of literature,

music, art, or history is an ALLUSION 16. SETTING (time and place) allows us to

put the story in its proper context

Literary Elements

17. The emotional high point of a story is its CLIMAX

Literary Elements

18. Simile: A comparison using “like” or “as” (or “than” or “resembles”)… “She was as unique, beautiful, and delicate as a snowflake”

19. Personification: Assigning human characteristics to something that is not human; ex. “The heavy door groaned in protest on its rusty hinges”

Grammar/Mechanics/Usage

Commonly confused words: There/their/they’re Hear/here To/too/two Accept/except Affect/effect Since/sense

Subject/verb agreement Pronoun/antecedent agreement

Capitalization and Punctuation

Titles Short works get “quotation marks” (short

stories, poems, songs, articles) Long works get italicized or underlined (books,

movies, magazines, newspapers)“When punctuating dialogue,” I explained, “make sure to place the punctuation inside the quotation marks.”

“Furthermore,” my assistant added, “every time you have a new speaker, you have to start a new paragraph!”

Fragments and Run-Ons

A FRAGMENT is a group of words that lacks a subject, a verb, or both:Examples: Between you and me Because I said so Under the table Everyone in seventh period, including Aaron,

Kelsey, and Marley the Ferret

Fragments and Run-Ons

A RUN-ON occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without a conjunction.

Examples: I am going home, I am tired. She said she doesn’t have any cupcakes even

if she did, she wouldn’t share with you. Corrections:

I am going home; I am tired. She said she doesn’t have any cupcakes, AND

even if she did, she wouldn’t share with you.

Literary Devices in Julius Caesar

31. When we are able to draw inferences about a character based upon words, actions, thoughts, appearance, what others say, etc., this is INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION (direct characterization occurs when a narrator just tells us something about the character; i.e., “Leann was a kindhearted girl.”

32. A comparison that uses “like” or “as” is a SIMILE

Literary Devices in Caesar

33. The clock in Act II and the book in Act IV are both examples of ANACHRONISMS

34. DRAMATIC IRONY occurs when the audience realizes something that the characters in the story do not

35. A speech given by a character alone on stage is a SOLILOQUY

36. The lion, owl, people on fire, crazy storms, foreboding dreams, etc. in Caesar are all OMENS that FORESHADOW bad things to come

Literary Devices in Caesar

37. Members of the nobility in Shakespeare’s plays tend to speak in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter). Brutus’s funeral oration and Casca’s stories, however, are delivered in PROSE.

38. FORESHADOWING 39. POINT OF VIEW 40. TONE 41. CHARACTERIZATION 42. THEME

Literary Devices

43. IRONY 44. CLIMAX 45. SYMBOL 46. METAPHOR 47. CONFLICT 48. SUSPENSE

Official Final Exam Vocabulary ListADEPT, ASPIRE, BLEAK, CHIDED, DESPICABLE, DIMINUTIVE, EMANCIPATE, ERRONEOUS, EXPLOIT, EXTEMPORANEOUS

Adept (adj.)

Skillful The amateur actor was amazingly adept at

bringing his characters to life on stage.

Aspire (v)

To have a great ambition or ultimate goal; strive; desire strongly When I was younger, I aspired to be a rock

star.

Bleak (adj)

Gloomy, dismal, gray, unpromising That February, the weather—and Miss

Mopey’s outlook on life—were especially bleak.

Chide (v)

To scold, rebuke, reprimand I can chide you all day for not studying, but

the motivation to succeed has to come from within.

Despicable (adj)

Vile, abhorrent, dreadful, unpleasant, worthy of being despised. The spies were executed for their despicable

acts of treason.

Diminutive (adj)

Extremely small; short in size or stature Don’t let her diminutive size fool you; Lolly

has a big personality and a fierce temper!

Emancipate (v)

To set free; liberate “Emancipate yourselves from mental slavery;

none but ourselves can free our minds…”—Not the ferret

Erroneous (adj)

Flawed; false; marked by error It would be erroneous to assume that the final

exam will be difficult just because it’s long.

Exploit (v)

Take advantage of A good debater knows how to exploit

weaknesses in his opponent’s argument in order to strengthen his own.

Extemporaneous (adj)

Spoken or done without preparation; spontaneous When she noticed her

students were falling asleep, the professor decided to give an extemporaneous lecture on building bombs out of household items, just to see who was paying attention.

MLA Format

Heading: Name, teacher, class, date (no abbreviations)

Lazybones McGooMs. Geller10th World Literature and Composition10 December 2013

MLA Format

Times New Roman, 12 point font, double spaced

Title centered on top line, no quotes or underline

Last name and page number in upper right corner

Works Cited page: Alphabetical order Hanging indents Double spaced

Schaffer Method

Writing process: Prewriting Drafting Revision (changes to CONTENT) Editing (proofreading for errors) Final draft Publication

Thesis: Main idea Concrete details: Specific facts,

examples, evidence

Schaffer Method

Commentary: Your opinions/explanations of the concrete details

Hook: Interest grabber; strategy for getting your reader’s attention

Scenario, anecdote, question, statistic, quotation

Jane “I invented paragraphs” Schaffer

Logical Fallacies

Bandwagon: “Everyone else is doing it!” Ad Hominem: “You’re wrong because

you’re ugly!” False causality: “You farted and Paul

Walker died!” Overgeneralization: “Obviously everyone

named Matthew has brown hair and loves English class.”

Red Herring: “Look, a squirrel!”