geetha karandawala chief transport facilitation section transport and tourism division unescap
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4 th Expert Group Meeting on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages 21-24 November 2006, Thessaloniki, Greece. Non-physical Obstacles to Transit Transport Selected Routes & Measures to Remove Them. Geetha Karandawala Chief Transport Facilitation Section - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Non-physical Obstacles to Transit Transport Selected
Routes & Measures to Remove Them
4th Expert Group Meeting on Developing Euro-Asian Transport Linkages
21-24 November 2006, Thessaloniki, Greece
Geetha KarandawalaChief
Transport Facilitation SectionTransport and Tourism Division
UNESCAP
Effective
export
competitiveness
Effective
export
competitiveness
Semi finished
goods
Globalization & Trade Related Economic Growth
Multiple
sourcingIntense
competition
Productive
capacity
Productive
capacity
Ability to
bring goods
to market
Ability to
bring goods
to market
Demanding
Buyers
High quality
Reliable delivery
Demanding
Buyers
High quality
Reliable delivery
Trade Liberalization Transport Developments
Growth in ICT
Reduced tariff
barriers
Global market
access
Countries supply capacity & competitiveness determined by Low trade transaction costs Availability, quality & costs of transport & logistics
services
Obstacles Long waiting times at border crossings Multiple inspections Inappropriate fees & formalities Unclear trade & transport rules
These obstacles constitute a major effective barrier to market access
A Favourable Environment for International Trade Transactions
Developments had been mainly in the Maritime Sector
New land transport networks Opening of land borders hold the promise of
hinterland development Need for intermodal facilities Importance of multimodal transport & logistics Non-physical obstacles to be overcome Lack of suitable tools Landlocked countries have particular concerns
but also have potential to be land-linking countries
Important Mandate – Almaty Programme of Action
A Favourable Environment for International Trade Transactions
Transport to border
Wait at border crossing/change transport mode
Transport to sea port
Wait at sea port
Sea transportDay 4
Tim
e
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
$400
Cost
$300
$200
$100
500 km 1000 km 2000 km1500 kmDistance
Tool to efficiency of the transport routes
ESCAP time / cost analysis
Day 4
Tim
e
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
$400
Cost
$300
$200
$100
500 km 1000 km 2000 km1500 kmDistance
Straightening the line,
Transport line
Time/Cost angle
decreasing the angle
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Lao-Thai
Lao-
Vietnam
Mongolia-
China
Mongolia-
Russia
Nepal-India
Kazakhstan-Russia
Uzbekistan-
Turkmenistan
Bo
rder
Average Maximum
Comparison of border crossing time (hours)
Comparison of border crossing time (hours)
Cost/TEU
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
Lao-Thai
Lao-Vietnam
Mongolia-China
Mongolia-Russia
Nepal-India
*Kazakhstan-Russia
*Uzbekistan-Turkmenistan
Comparison of border crossing costs
(US$ per TEU)
Comparison of border crossing costs
(US$ per TEU)
$293$155 $124
$200
$650
$131 $100
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Moscow
TianjinUlaan baatar
8-11 November 2003
1,700 km - 75 hours 20 min.
1
22.5 km/h - 541 km/day
Vostochny
Malaszewicze
6-18 July 2004
10,350 km - 12 days 8 hours
4
35 km/h - 837 km/day
Brest
Ulaan 15-24 June 2004
7,200 km - 8 days 16 hours
3
35 km/h - 830 km/day
Almaty
Lianyungang
22-29 April 2004
5,020 km - 7 days 6 hours
2
29 km/h - 692 km/day
Implementation of Demonstration Runs Implementation of Demonstration Runs of Container Block Trainof Container Block Train
Implementation of Demonstration Runs Implementation of Demonstration Runs of Container Block Trainof Container Block Train
Assessing impact of measures
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Distance (km)
Tim
e (
hou
rs)
Measure the efficiency of policy / infrastructure improvements
(6,798 km) Sukhbaatar
(6,778 km) Naushki
(7,200 km) Ulaanbaatar
(6,798 km) Sukhbaatar
(6,778 km) Naushki
(7,200 km) Ulaanbaatar 2004
8 days 16 hrs(demonstration run)
200215 days(statistics)
(610 km) Krasnoe
Brest
SPECA countriesSPECA countries
AlmatyBishkek
Lugovaya
Sary Agash
Tashkent
Dushanbe
Samarkand
Ashghabad
Countries in Europe
Beyneu
Aktau
BakuPoti port (Georgia)
Templates for Application of the Model in KyrgyzstanTemplates for Application of the Model in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan - Turkey
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Kara Balta/Chaldovar(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)Alat/Farab
(Uzbekistan/Turkmenistan)
Sarahs/Sarakhs(Turkmenistan/Iran)
Gurbulak (Turkey)
Via Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan & Islamic Republic of IranVia Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan & Islamic Republic of Iran
Zhibek Zholy/Gisht Koprik(Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan)
Bazargan(Iran)
Kyrgyzstan - Turkey
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Kara Balta/Chaldovar(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)
Kotyaevka(Russian)
Port of Novorossijsk(Russia)
TurkeyTurkey
Via Kazakhstan & Russian FederationVia Kazakhstan & Russian Federation
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Kara Balta/Chaldovar(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)
Pogodaevo/Kurlin(Kazakhstan/Russian)
Moscow
Via KazakhstanVia Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan – Russian Federation
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Kara Balta/Chaldovar(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)
Chistoe/Petuhovo(Kazakhstan/Russian)
Frankfurt (Germany)
Via Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Belarus & PolandVia Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Belarus & Poland
Kyrgyzstan – GermanyKrasnoye/Asinowka
(Russian/Belarus)
Kozloviczy/Kukuryki(Belarus/Poland)
Swiecko(Poland)
Kyrgyzstan - USA
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Port of Lianyungang(China)
Almaty(Kazakhstan)
Dostyk/Alashankou(Kazakhstan/China)
USA(West Coast)
Via Kazakhstan & ChinaVia Kazakhstan & China
Georgievka/Kordai(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)
Kyrgyzstan - USA
Bishkek(Kyrgyzstan)
Port of Vladivostok(Russia)
Almaty(Kazakhstan)
Bulaevo/Isilkul(Kazakhstan/Russia)
USA(West Coast)
Via Kazakhstan & Russian FederationVia Kazakhstan & Russian Federation
Georgievka/Kordai(Kyrgyzstan/Kazakhstan)
UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL
OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS General Questions
1a. In your opinion, what is the most significant source of border crossing delays?
1b. What single improvement could most reduce border crossing times?
2. Are officials at the border delegated to make all operational decisions?
3. Is all documentation required for border crossing available before reaching the border?
3a. if so, where is it available from?
4. Do procedures differ depending on the origin of the goods?
5. Do procedures differ for goods in transit?
5a. If so, please describe.
UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS
6. Is a customs inspection mandatory for all goods crossing the border?
6a. If not, why is this? For example, are only certain goods inspected, or are the inspections are done at inland sites?
6b. Are goods in transit also inspected?
7. Can customs documents be filed electronically before reaching the border?
8. Do you use the UN Layout Key for Trade Documents?
2004 2005
9. How many TIR Carnet de Passages en Douane were issued in 2004 and 2005?
Other Issues
UNESCAP-ECE QUESTIONNAIRE ON NON-PHYSICAL OBSTACLES AT BORDER CROSSINGS
Border Crossing Name:
Border with which country:
10. What are the hours of operation?
11. Are customs inspections carried out jointly with the neighbouring customs authority?
Maximum time Average time
12. How much time is required to process one twenty foot container or equivalently sized truck?
13. *How much of this time is attributable to:
- documentation, customs payments
- physical inspection of goods
- physical movement or transfer of goods (including transfers to other vehicles)
- other processes * NB: If this information is not easily available, you may respond: “n.a”
Route Countries Borders Ports
1 Russian Federation 1 (2) 1
2 Belarus, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, China
4 (8) 1
3 Ukraine, Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, China
4 (8) 1
4 Romania, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, China
5 (10) 5
5 Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, China
8 (16) 1
6 Russian Federation, Iran 1 (2) 3
7 Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine 2 (4) 2
Possible routes for Time/Cost Analysis
Route Countries Borders Ports
4 Armenia (linking Iran and Georgia) 2 (4)
4 Moldova (linking Ukraine and Ukraine)
2 (4)
4 Kyrgyzstan (linking Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan)
2 (4)
5 Tajikistan (linking Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan)
2 (4)
5 Afghanistan (linking Iran and Uzbekistan, Tajikistan)
2 (4) or 3 (6)
Possible routes for Time/Cost Analysis