ge 105 introduction to engineering design an over view of engineering design
TRANSCRIPT
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ΔϳΩϮόδϟΔϴΑήόϟΔϜϠϤϤϟ
Ministry of Higher Education ϲϟΎόϟϡϳϠόΗϟΓέί ϭ
Buraydah Private Colleges ΔϳϠϫϷΓΩϳέΑΕΎϳϠϛ
ϯ ϭϗ -ΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟΔγΩϧϬϟ
INTRODUCTION TO
ENGINEERING DESIGN
ƾſŶƴƸƫbrvbarƮǀưƈŤƬƫŠƯŶƤƯ
α ϳέΩ ΩΑϋέϭΗϛΩௌ ΩΩϋ
GE 105 Introduction to Engineering Design
An Over View of Engineering Design
What is your experience with engineeringWhat is your experience with engineering
What is engineeringWhat is engineering
What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in schoolschool
Can you name one thing in this room that was not developed produced or installed by an engineer
Can you think of a profession that is affecting your life more pervasively than engineering
Engineering is the Art of Design
Start with a need and end Start with a need and end with a productwith a product
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
GE 105 Introduction to Engineering Design
An Over View of Engineering Design
What is your experience with engineeringWhat is your experience with engineering
What is engineeringWhat is engineering
What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in schoolschool
Can you name one thing in this room that was not developed produced or installed by an engineer
Can you think of a profession that is affecting your life more pervasively than engineering
Engineering is the Art of Design
Start with a need and end Start with a need and end with a productwith a product
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
What is your experience with engineeringWhat is your experience with engineering
What is engineeringWhat is engineering
What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in What does it mean to learn to be an engineer in schoolschool
Can you name one thing in this room that was not developed produced or installed by an engineer
Can you think of a profession that is affecting your life more pervasively than engineering
Engineering is the Art of Design
Start with a need and end Start with a need and end with a productwith a product
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Can you name one thing in this room that was not developed produced or installed by an engineer
Can you think of a profession that is affecting your life more pervasively than engineering
Engineering is the Art of Design
Start with a need and end Start with a need and end with a productwith a product
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Engineering is the Art of Design
Start with a need and end Start with a need and end with a productwith a product
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Scientists discover the world that exists engineers create the world that never was
-Theodore Von Karmen
EngineeringEngineering ndash the use of knowledge of ndash the use of knowledge of nature and natural processes to solve nature and natural processes to solve problemsproblems
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
ldquoldquoThe best engineer is the person who can The best engineer is the person who can provide the simplest and more effective provide the simplest and more effective solution to solve a problemrdquosolution to solve a problemrdquo
K Aringstroumlm
Engineer
Knowledge
Skills
Solving a problem
Develop a new product
Improve service
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Remarks bull Objectives are function of needsbull Objectives should be SMART
1) Specific2) Measurable3) Achievable4) Realistic5) Timing
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
الـذهـنـي الـعـصـفمن التعليم في الذهني العصف طريقة تعد3
و اإلبداعي التفكير تشج3ع التي الحديثة الطرقجو في المتعلمين عند الكامنة الطاقات تطلقو اآلراء كل بظهور يسمح اآلمان و الحرية من
األفكار الذهني- العصف مفهوم اوال
حرية على يقوم تعليمي أسلوب الذهني العصفمن كم أكبر توليد أجل من يستخدم و التفكير
خالل الموضوعات من موضوع لمعالجة األفكار قصيرة جلسة
العصف- جلسة في األساسية المبادئ ثانياالذهني
تطبيق على الذهني العصف جلسة نجاح يعتمد هي أساسية مبادئ أربعة
1 الجلسة نهاية حتى األفكار تقويم إرجاء2 الجلسة أثناء قيود دون التفكير حرية إطالقاألفكار 3 من قدر أكبر استمطار على التركيز
نوعها على ليس و المشاركين منأو 4 عليها للبناء اآلخرين أفكار تناول جواز
تطويرها
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
العصف- جلسة تمر3 الذهني العصف جلسة خطوات ثالثا أهمها الخطوات من بعدد الذهني
الجلسة ) (1 موضوع المشكلة تحديد2 الذهني العصف و االبداع جو تهيئة
3) ( األفكار استمطار الذهني العصف بعملية البدء4 األفكار معين لديهم نضب ما إذا المشاركين إثارة
5 إلى تصنيفها و األفكار تقييم للتطبيق- قابلة و مفيدة أفكار
من- المزيد تحتاج و للتطبيق قابلة غير أنها إال مفيدة أفكارالبحث
للتطبيق- قابلة غير و عملية غير ألنها مستثناة أفكار الذهني- العصف معوقات رابعا
ألفكارنا 1 اآلخرين اتهامات من بالخوف تتعلق عوائقبالسخافة
بالتفكير 2 واحدة لطريقة االنسان بتبني تتمثل إدراكية عوائق األشياء الى النظر و
3 األشياء على الحكم في بالتسرع تتعلق عوائق
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
في- الذهني العصف أسلوب استخدام أهمية خامساالتدريس
1 للطالب الفكري الخمول من االقالل على يساعدأفكار 2 ايجاد على الطالب من عدد أكبر يشجع
جديدة 3 الطالب لدى االبتكاري التفكير تنمية
حول 4 y تمركزا أكثر والتعلم التعليم نشاط يجعلالطالب
gtgt====== دائماgtgt====== تذكر ومن يستخدم تعليمي موقف هو الذهني العصف أنحل في للمشاركين األفكار من عدد أكبر توليد أجل
جو في محددة زمنية فترة خالل مفتوحة مشكلةعن y بعيدا األفكار طرح في واألمان الحرية تسوده
النقد أو والتقييم المصادرة
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Define the problemDefine the problem
Generate solutionsGenerate solutions
Decide the courseDecide the course of actionof action
Implement the solutionImplement the solution
Evaluate the solutionEvaluate the solution
Problem Solving
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
ldquo ldquodonrsquot give people goals give them donrsquot give people goals give them directionsdirections
) ) ie roughly aim themie roughly aim themrdquo)rdquo)
ldquo ldquoencourage accountability over encourage accountability over responsibilityresponsibilityrdquordquo
Traditional responsibility like punching a Traditional responsibility like punching a clock from nine to five can inhibit clock from nine to five can inhibit
creativity Instead people are made creativity Instead people are made accountable for the results of their workaccountable for the results of their work
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
A BossA Bosshelliphellip A LeaderA Leaderhelliphellip
Demands respectDemands respect
Is a taskmasterIs a taskmaster
Is criticalIs critical
Rules by fearRules by fear
CommandsCommands
Makes work a burdenMakes work a burden
Punishes mistakesPunishes mistakes
Earns respectEarns respect
Is a coachIs a coach
Is encouragingIs encouraging
Guides by exampleGuides by example
InspiresInspires
Makes work funMakes work fun
Rewards successRewards success
ButBut
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give At your first meeting introduce yourselves and give a little background Set the group norms and a little background Set the group norms and expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings expectations)egshowing up on time for meetings responsibilities)responsibilities)
Appoint a leader who will inspire theAppoint a leader who will inspire the group to high levels of performance and be an group to high levels of performance and be an effective listenereffective listener
Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings Prepare and distribute an agenda prior to meetings and stick to itand stick to it
State why the group has come togetherState why the group has come together
Bring all your materials) such as problem statement Bring all your materials) such as problem statement group notes handouts your work etc) to all group notes handouts your work etc) to all meetingsmeetings
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Keep the discussion focusedKeep the discussion focused
Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on Have someone in charge of keeping the meetings on tracktrack
Appoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challengeAppoint a ldquodevilrsquos advocaterdquo to challenge ideas as they ariseideas as they arise
Have someone take minutes to remind participants of Have someone take minutes to remind participants of decisions made actions to be takendecisions made actions to be taken
Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying Draft an agenda for the next meetings identifying what is to be covered and who is responsible for itwhat is to be covered and who is responsible for it
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Where did the problem originateWhere did the problem originate
Who posed the problem statement in the first place Who posed the problem statement in the first place your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your your supervisor hisher supervisor a colleague in your project group or someone elseproject group or someone else
Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they Can that person explain the reasoning as to how they arrived at that particular problem statementarrived at that particular problem statement
Are the reasoning and assumptions validAre the reasoning and assumptions valid
Has that person considered the situation from number Has that person considered the situation from number of different viewpoints before arriving at the final of different viewpoints before arriving at the final problem statementproblem statement
Have you used the Have you used the first four stepsfirst four steps to gather information to gather information about the problemabout the problem
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
1 -Identify All Available Information
2 -Recall Or Learn Pertinent Theories And Fundamentals
3 -Collect Missing Information
4 -Solve A Simplified Version Of The Problem To Obtain A ldquoBallparkrdquo Answer
5 -Hypothesize And Visualize What Could Be Wrong With The Current Situation
6 -Brainstorm To Guess The Answer
7 -Recall Past Or Related Problems And Experiences
8 -Describe Or Sketch The Solution In A Qualitative Manner Or Sketch Out A Pathway That Will Lead To The Solution
9 -Collect More Data And Information
10 -After Using Some Or All Of The Activities Above Write A Concise Statement Defining The Real Problem
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Team Building1 Definition of Team
2 Best Teams3 Team Roles
4 Five Characteristics of Teamwork
5 Training
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Definition of TeamA team is a small number of people with complementary
skills who are committed to a common purpose performance goals and approach for which
they are mutually accountable )Katzenbach and Smith 1993(A team differs from a group in that it is united by a common
function and set of goals
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Best Teams
1 A team functions best if there is a shared vision a shared problem statement a goal that all team members can support in other words a pre-determined
objective that everyone agrees upon2 A champion will greatly improve the chance of team success A champion is an individual so committed to the project that they will make sure that nothing
falls through the crackshellip3 A successful team must have
bullcompetence -- skills appropriate to the project or ready access to those skillsbulltrust -- trust develops from team members getting to know what they can expect
of one anotherbullvelocity -- jargon for the ability to make decisions and take action quickly
4 All projects have three kinds of risk which must be assessed and dealt withtechnical -- is the project technically doableorganizational -- do the relevant managers support the projectpersonal -- is your heart in it
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Team RolesThere are nine team roles defined to help the team function more effectively
Organizer ndash a person who visualizes and plans for the whole design process
Motivator ndash a person who takes care of the schedule and goals of the teamPusher ndash an active person who makes team work fasterSolver ndash an imaginative person who deals mainly with problem resolutionGatherer ndash a person who is good at collecting information and
communicating with other teamsListener ndash a perceptive person who can listen and combine the ideas and
statements of othersCompleter ndash a careful person who specializes in eliminating design defectsSpecialist ndash a dedicated person who is extremely skilled and has a lot of
knowledge in a specific areaEvaluator ndash a person who has good strategic skills keeps the balance
between immediate needs and long-term goals and weighs consequences
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Five Characteristics of TeamworkThere are five characteristics that are the keys to a winning team The following characteristics are arranged in order of importance from highest to lowest1 Shared ValuesTeam members establish shared values and common goals and make the commitment to succeed2 Mutual TrustTeam members trust each other to get the job done They understand their role on the team is important and to put forth maximum effort to fulfill their promisesEveryone should express their opinions feelings and doubts Share information with your team This will help everyone to understand the project in greater detailTeam members should be enthusiastic with each other This will help produce the best performance as a team3 Inspiring VisionProvides direction and motivates the teamTeam members understand what needs to be done and how it can be doneThe focus should be on exceeding customer satisfaction The team should be inspired to work hard so that the products performance quality and cost are all rated excellent4 Skill TalentA team is stronger when team members are skilled in their discipline In addition when people are from different backgrounds they can work as a team to solve complex problemsA skilled individual is important however it is not as important as an individual who is a better team member A good team member prioritizes the values of the team trust on the team and the vision of the team5 Rewards Team members should be rewarded for their hard work and determination Rewards include going
out to eat a bonus or a promotionAs a manager it is your job to give positive reinforcement to your team members People feel good when
people show their appreciation for their contributions
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors
As is well known Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs With this in mind it is quite obvious that there are many areas in which human factors must be taken into account in the design analysis The basic consideration in determining whether or not human factors are important is the possibility of a direct man-machine relationship Having determined the possibility and extent of involvement it is then necessary to consider the form of this relationship be it Anthropometric Ergonomic
Physiological Psychological
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors35
Outline
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Man-Machine Interface
Anthropometric Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Physiological Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors36
Engineering Design is concerned with the satisfaction of human needs
In many applications human
factors must be taken into account in the design process
Man-machine interface )MMI( is very important to be considered in the design process
Human Factors in Engineering Design
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human factors in man-machine relationship have the following formsbull Anthropometric
)Human interaction in static sense dimensions of body)
bull Ergonomic)Human interaction in dynamic sense repeated tasks)
bull Physiological)Human interaction with body characteristics)
bull Psychological)Human interaction with mental activities)
37Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
38Human Factors
Man-Machine Interface
The Design Engineer can determine the relative importance of human factors in his design
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans it is man-machine interaction in static sense
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
One of the most common problems is that of driver accommodation in automobiles
Some may have experienced difficulties in either getting in or out reaching the controls or adequate visibility
These may have been due to inadequate attention to the nature of the physical dimensions of humans
40Human Factors
Anthropometric Factors
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors41
Ergonomic Factors
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Importance when the human operator is involved with the machine in a dynamic sense
A human is required to exert a force or perhaps supply work to the machine
It should be obvious that the effective operation of a machine over long periods of time will depend upon the matching of requirements to human capability
42Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors43
Ergonomic Factors
One simple example is that when the brake operating force is higher than can be normally tolerated The driver will cope with the situation at first but if the brake operation is frequent muscle fatigue will eventually occur and a dangerous situation will develop
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
The capability for performing mechanical tasks of this type depends upon
The physical ability of the operator The range of movement required The speed of movement The duration of the activity The position of the operator The environmental condition
44Human Factors
Ergonomic Factors
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors45
Physiological Factors
Physiological factors are of concern when the physicochemical characteristics of the body are significant
As far as body functions are concerned these involve the neurological muscular respiratory vascular and sensory systems
The exterior manifestations can be grouped according to the response to various inputs such as
Visual Auditory Tactile kinesthetic and taste senses Environment
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Color discrimination is impaired when illumination levels are low and this can lead to unexpected difficulties in comprehension
An associated problem of illumination which has a critical effect on contrast is that of glare and shadow formation These can be controlled by careful design of lighting systems and selection of materials and colors
46Human Factors
Physiological Factors
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
An excessive level of noise pollution is in fact undesirable for a number of reasons
Leads to degradation of speech intelligibility Will lead to physical damage to the human auditory system Hinders mental activity due to distracting influences Can lead to psychological and mental disorders if sustained
47Human Factors
Physiological Factors
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
The speech interference level )SIL( is a measure of the destructiveness of noise It is determined by the level of noise in certain frequency bands
High levels of sound intensity cause pain and even physical damage
The usually accepted threshold of pain is at about 05 Wm2
48Human Factors
Physiological Factors
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors49
Psychological Factors
Psychological considerations in human factors analysis are concerned with the mental activity relationship between man and the machine This involves
bull Interpretation of informationbull Motivation and fatiguebull Decision makingbull Aesthetics
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors50
Psychological Factors
These factors are concerned with the manner of presentation to minimize the error of interpretation
The design of visual displays such as control panels instrument panels and other informative displays is a typical example of psychological factors at work
There are a number of principles which have been developed Some of these include 1 Retain the usual method of operation )eg a power switch is ON when the operating lever is DOWN
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
2 Use digital indicators for precise numerical values with no need for interpretation That is satisfactory only when values are constant or not changing rapidly
3 For time variable readings not requiring high accuracy use moving pointers over a fixed linear or circular scale
51Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Human Factors52
Psychological Factors
4 Arrange control movement to coincide with required direction of instrument pointer movement
5 Color coding on dials are useful in helping to recognize conditions quickly eg green-normal yellow-caution red-danger
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
The mechanism of the control device should be designed so that )i( Movements are easy )ii( Slackness is eliminated )iii( The operator is aware of a feedback response )iv( The system response is rapid
If this cannot be achieved the controller should incorporate some restriction so that over reaction and instability does not develop
53Human Factors
Psychological Factors
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Guidelines for Final Oral Presentation
Presentations of the projects are typically given in the last week of the semester to an audience of fellow student reviewers project sponsors design faculty and occasional faculty who are following up a project of personal interest to them
The oral presentation should follow a format that is similar to the written report Here is a general outline to follow
bullIntroductionbullObjectivebullReview original designbullDescribe project build and functional testsbullDiscuss successes and challengesbullOther testsbullRecommendations
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
It is important that your presentation fit into the time allowed You must rehearse your presentation to get the timing right A rule of thumb is that you have roughly one slide per minute of presentation time You convey information though both the visual and audio portions of the presentation These two parts of the presentation should complement each other the words should support the slides and vice-versa You should avoid having both portions the same words meaning that you should avoid simply reading the visual materials
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Below are some guidelines for preparing your slidesbullHave all slides prepared ahead of timebull All fonts must be large enough to be easily seen from all points in the roombull Avoid using an excessive amount of text write brief phrases rather than paragraphsbull Write down all the important points do not rely on the audience hearing everything you saybull Use bullets with each phrasebull Use diagrams and figures as much as possible pictures are more interesting than wordsbull Make the visual materials as interesting as possible make effective use of font style and colorbull Conversely the presentation should be professional minimize the use of silly slide transitions animations or sound effectsbull Test any demonstrations not in-line with the PowerPoint presentation )eg playing(bullsound files movies or Matlab demos( test these in the presentation room before the final talk if possible
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Some general guidelines for your verbal presentation
bull Be prepared Practice Practice Practicebull Speak slowly and clearlybull Face the audience try to look each part of the audience at some point during thepresentationbull Use note cards if necessary but only as a last resort A good set of slides shouldremind you of what to say in between the text on the slidebull Avoid fidgeting and excessive movement it distracts the audiencebull Use a laser pointer to make the audience look where you want them to
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
The important parts of the presentation include
1 Title slideThe title slide should contain the title of the presentation the names of the presenters their affiliations slide does not look crowded 2 OverviewThis slide shows the audience how your presentation is organized The parts of the report should be listed using bullets Avoid incredibly obvious bullets )and the accompanying words( eg ldquoFirst I will give an introduction to our presentation I will present the project and conclude with some thoughts on future work Everyone knows this is the general structure of any talk It makes things more interesting if you bullet the general technical parts of the talk after a brief slide giving the project statement
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
3 Figure slidesFigures are an important part of your presentation There are many different types of figures and some must be handled differently than others Block diagrams should be as simple and clear as possible and all fonts must be large enough to be read from all parts of the room Avoid block diagrams that are too crowded In presenting a block diagram you should walk the audience through the diagram Graph figures must have clearly labeled axes and any important conditions for the data should be listed Again you must point out the significance of the graph to the audience Test your slides beforehand to see if the lines and colors in a graph can be seen and differentiated from the back of a room Often presenters make the mistake of exporting a result directly from PSpice Matlab etc only to find that the audience cant tell the difference between regular and dotted lines or lines with different symbols and colors 4 Text slidesSlides with only text andor equations should not be over-crowded Use short bulleted phrases rather than long sentences You can expand on the bullets in the verbal part of the presentation If you present equations avoid long derivations but instead present ldquoresult equations Use LaTeX or the Microsoft Equation Editor to make the equations easy to read
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
5 ConclusionsThe last slides should reiterate the important points that were made during the presentation You want these slides to contain the information that you want the audience to ldquotake away from your presentation and give some suggestions for how you would build on this work in the future 6 DemonstrationsA demonstration can greatly enhance a presentation by emphasizing important accomplishments andor allowing the audience to experience what you are talking about However the problem with presentations is that they sometimes do not work leading to an embarrassing time for the presenters If you do decide to make a demonstration try to make it as foolproof as possible and have set up ahead of time there should not be a delay to set up a demonstration Test the demonstration beforehand on the PC where you will give the talk
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Code of Ethics for EngineersPreambleEngineering is an important and learned profession As members of this profession engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people Accordingly the services provided by engineers require honesty impartiality fairness and equity and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health safety and welfare Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conductI Fundamental CanonsEngineers in the fulfillment of their professional duties shall1 Hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the public2 Perform services only in areas of their competence3 Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner4 Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees5 Avoid deceptive acts6 Conduct themselves honorably responsibly ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honor reputation and usefulness of the profession
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
II Rules of Practice1 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety health and welfare of the publica If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriateb Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standardsc Engineers shall not reveal facts data or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Coded Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe are engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprisee Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and when relevant also to public authorities and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
2 Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competencea Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involvedb Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence nor to any plan or document not prepared under their direction and controlc Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared the segment
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
3 Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful mannera Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports statements or testimony They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was currentb Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matterc Engineers shall issue no statements criticisms or arguments on technical matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
4 Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trusteesa Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their servicesb Engineers shall not accept compensation financial or otherwise from more than one party for services on the same project or for services pertaining to the same project unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested partiesc Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration directly or indirectly from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsibled Engineers in public service as members advisors or employees of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practicee Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
5 Engineers shall avoid deceptive actsa Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their or their associates qualifications They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers employees associates or past accomplishmentsb Engineers shall not offer give solicit or receive either directly or indirectly any contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect of intent to influencing the awarding of a contract They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration in order to secure work They shall not pay a commission percentage or brokerage fee in order to secure work except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial or marketing agencies retained by them
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
III Professional Obligations1 Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and integritya Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the factsb Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will not be successfulc Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular work or interest Before accepting any outside engineering employment they will notify their employersd Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false or misleading pretensese Engineers shall not actively participate in strikes picket lines or other collective coercive actionf Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and integrity of the profession
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
2 Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interesta Engineers shall seek opportunities to participate in civic affairs career guidance for youths and work for the advancement of the safety health and well-being of their communityb Engineers shall not complete sign or seal plans andor specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards If the client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw from further service on the projectc Engineers shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and appreciation of engineering and its achievements3 Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the publica Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material factb Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may advertise for recruitment of personnelc Consistent with the foregoing Engineers may prepare articles for the lay or technical press but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work performed by others
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
4 Engineers shall not disclose without consent confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer or public body on which they servea Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties promote or arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for which the Engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledgeb Engineers shall not without the consent of all interested parties participate in or represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding in which the Engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a former client or employer
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
5 Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting interestsa Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations including free engineering designs from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their productb Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances directly or indirectly from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the Engineer in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible6 Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers or by other improper or questionable methodsa Engineers shall not request propose or accept a commission on a contingent basis under circumstances in which their judgment may be compromisedb Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical considerationsc Engineers shall not without consent use equipment supplies laboratory or office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
7 Engineers shall not attempt to injure maliciously or falsely directly or indirectly the professional reputation prospects practice or employment of other engineers Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present such information to the proper authority for actiona Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the same client except with the knowledge of such engineer or unless the connection of such engineer with the work has been terminatedb Engineers in governmental industrial or educational employ are entitled to review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their employment dutiesc Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers8 Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities provided however those Engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out of their practice for other than gross negligence where the Engineers interests cannot otherwise be protecteda Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineeringb Engineers shall not use association with a nonengineer a corporation or partnership as a cloak for unethical acts
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
9 Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and will recognize the proprietary interests of othersa Engineers shall whenever possible name the person or persons who may be individually responsible for designs inventions writings or other accomplishmentsb Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the Engineer for others without express permissionc Engineers before undertaking work for others in connection with which the Engineer may make improvements plans designs inventions or other records that may justify copyrights or patents should enter into a positive agreement regarding ownershipd Engineers designs data records and notes referring exclusively to an employers work are the employers property Employer should indemnify the Engineer for use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz 1Student name __________________ Student Number ____________Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to createnew products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz 2Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering is a profession which does not recognize its responsibility to thegeneral public 2 Technical Engineering competence includes skills such as communicationbusiness leadership and management 3 The designer uses the clientrsquos definition to solve a problem as the problemstatement4 Design specifications have to be measurable and include the constraints of theproject 5 Refinement of the design occurs before conducting series of tests on theprototype design II Answer the following questions1 What is primary objective of the scientistThe primary objective of the scientist is the expansion of knowledge andunderstanding physical processes2 Why the engineer is different from the scientistThe Engineer applies knowledge of math and the physical sciences to theefficient design and construction of usable devices structures and processes
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
3 Indicate which of the following occupation is a professiona Gas station attendantb Electrical Engineer _ This is a professionc Electronic Techniciand Carpentere Businessmanf Chemical Engineer working in an environment protection agency _ Thisis a professionIndicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Engineering design is not a decision making process 2 Engineering is the art of design which ends up with a product 3 Engineering design encourages individual efforts instead of team efforts 4 Engineer uses knowledge of nature natural processes math and physics to create new products 5 Problem statement leads to establish clear objectives to solve the problem 6 Objectives of problem solving can be generally stated and do not have to be specific7 It is okay to criticize other team members during a brainstorm session 8 During the evaluation of alternative solutions team members have to be highlycritical 9 A new product is not adjusted after final evaluation of the design 10 Written reports are the only way to introduce a new product to the appropriate party
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz 3Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 The problem statement defines the basic requirement which is to be met 2 ldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian)walkers( to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquo is a problem oriented statement3 Problems having an economic origin are the most common ones today 4 The origin of problems can be classified according to the problem area only5 The secondary objectives are always included in the problem statement I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinkingbefore ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition andthe gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
II Answer the following questions1 What are the two situations where inadequate problem formulation retardsprogressa Failure to recognize the existence of the problemb Incorrect Identification of the real problem2 What are the types of problems which can be considered during problemformulationa Apparent Problemb Real Problem3 Given the following problem statementldquoDesign a metal bridge for the pedestrian to cross the King Fahd highwayrdquoGive 3 secondary objectives which are necessary to solve the above problema Safety operationb Cost )building and operation)c Easy installation
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz 4 Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 Creativity is an art but not a science 2 Humor is an indication of creativity 3 The best way to get a good idea is to get few ideas )1 or 2 ideas( 4 There is a limit to the time and effort which can be spent on creative thinking before ideas are frozen 5 Period of incubation is the time necessary to allow the problem definition and the gathered information turn over in the mind to generate a new idea 6 Analogy is a creative technique which belongs to problem recognition group7 Idea stimulation is the process of attribute identification and subdivision II Answer the following questions1 State 3 advantages of creativitya Able to copeb Develop new understandingc Become more adaptable2 State 4 blocks to creativitya Perceptualb Emotionalc Culturald Imagination3 List the 5 major components of the creativity processa Preparation or gathering information on the backgroundb Concentration or total absorption of the problem definitionc Incubation or rest period of distractionsd Illumination or Aha experiencee Verificationproduction
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz 5Student name __________________ Student Number ____________I Indicate TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements1 A good designer who makes a trade-off despite the existence of othersolutions 2 It is recommended to keep attributes independent as much as possible 3 Decision matrix is used to evaluate tradeoffs 4 Anthropometric human factors are related to the physical size of humans 5 Ergonomic deals with human interaction in static sense 6 Upon consideration of ergonomic factors the relative value is the product ofthe importance of the particular event by the frequency of its occurrence 7 The title of a report may contain more than 10 words 8 Figure caption and number must be included in a report
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
II Answer the following questions1 State 3 characteristics of engineering decision objectivesa Multiple objectivesb Objectives are of different importancec Objectives are conflicting2 State the 5 components of the engineering decisiona Ideab Attributec Weightd Ratee Multiply and sum3 What are 3 main goals of ergonomic factorsa Safetyb Comfortc Efficiency4 List 5 components of any reportrsquos layouta Titleb Abstractc Table of contentsd Introduction or backgrounde Conclusion
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
Quiz )6(Give one answer for each of the following multiple-choice questionsbullAnthropometric factors are related to
1(Human body size2(The use of SI or Imperial units in a design3(Psychological Human Effects4(All of the above
bullA CEO is a1(A type of engineering design process2(A position within a company3(The name of an organization4(None of the above
1(Companies hiring new graduate engineers are looking for people withbullHigher degreesbullPlenty of experiencebullCooperative and innovative naturebullAll of the above
bullAs an engineer visiting a company supplying your company with equipment you notice an electrical problem in the visited company equipment What are you supposed to do
1(Notify the machinersquos operator2(Notify the visited company Supervisor3(Notify your own boss4(Write a report to your company5(All of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
bullYou intend to inform the police about a criminal problem inside your company What should you do before contacting 999
1(Call the police immediately2(Try to stop the crime then tell the police3(Try to stop the crime then tell your manager4(Inform your manager first then call the police5(None of the above
bullThe main difference between a report and a presentation is1(In their content2(In their styles3(In their text versus graphs balance4(In the software used to create them5(All of the above
1(The main factors affecting external shape of a car is dictated by1(Ergonomic factors alone2(Performance Safety Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors3(Aesthetic factors alone4(Anthropometric and Aesthetic factors5(Ergonomic and Aesthetic factors6(All factors combined
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above
All patents are enforced and protectedOnly in their country of issuance for a specified period onlyWorldwide for a specified period onlyFor 20 years in the USABy the law and police onlyIf you invent a device during the course work make a profit from this invention using King Saud University resources the University has the right toCongratulate you for doing wellAsk to have a share of your profitsAll of the aboveA company packages its productsBefore shippingBefore productionAfter testingNone of the above