gdv 1 - part ii - cgl.ethz.ch · 5 hw and programmable ge 17 gpu architecture (geforce 6800) hw and...
TRANSCRIPT
1
GD
V 1 -
Pa
rt IC
lassica
l Co
mp
uter G
rap
hics
Graphics Pipeline:
•C
olo
rs –co
lor sp
aces
•T
ran
sform
atio
ns –
affin
e / pro
jectio
n
•Lig
htin
g –
Go
ura
ud
/ Ph
on
g
•T
extu
re m
ap
pin
g / A
nti a
liasin
g
•C
lipp
ing
•R
asteriza
tion
GD
V 1 -
Pa
rt IIR
eal-T
ime G
rap
hics +
An
ima
tion
14. Ja
nP
rog
ram
ma
ble
gra
ph
ics ha
rdw
are
21. Jan
Rea
l-time
rend
ering
tech
niq
ue
s
28. Ja
nT
errain
Visu
aliza
tion
Flytastic
4. Feb
Intro
du
ction
toA
nim
atio
n
Ha
rdw
are A
rchitectu
res an
d
Pro
gra
mm
ab
le Gra
ph
ics Eng
ines
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 4
To
da
y
•G
rap
hics H
ard
wa
re
–E
volu
tion
–A
rchite
cture
Ex
am
ple
•G
rap
hics P
rog
ram
min
g
–V
ertex
Pro
gra
ms
–Fra
gm
en
t Pro
gra
ms
–C
g –
C fo
r Gra
ph
ics
2
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 5
Evolu
tion
of G
rap
hics
Ha
rdw
are (1)
First successful3D
accelerator for PCs
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 6
Evolu
tion
of G
rap
hics
Ha
rdw
are (2)
Two survivors
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 7
Evolu
tion
of G
rap
hics
Ha
rdw
are (3)
•N
Vid
ia(w
ww
.nvid
ia.co
m)
NV1 (1995)
GeForce
6800 (2004)
= 1 huge GPU
+ Vent
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 8
Evolu
tion
of G
rap
hics
Ha
rdw
are (4
)
•A
TI (w
ww
.ati.co
m)
3D Rage (1995)
Radeonx850 (2004)
= 1 huge GPU
+ Vent
3
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 9
Wh
ere to evo
lve?
•P
erfo
rma
nce
–T
rian
gles / sec.
–P
ixe
l frag
men
ts / sec.
•Fe
atu
res
–P
rog
ram
ma
ble
sha
din
g (ve
rtex, fra
gm
en
t)
–T
ex
ture m
ap
pin
g (sh
ad
ow
s, bu
mp
s, disp
lacem
en
ts)
–Fu
ll-scene a
nti-a
liasin
g
•Q
ua
lity–
Nu
me
rical p
recision
(8-b
it integ
er →6
4 b
it floa
t)
–Im
ag
e Filters
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 10
Mo
ore’s La
w
•E
xp
on
en
tial g
row
th in
nu
mb
er o
f tran
sistors
(Go
rdo
n M
oo
re, 196
5)
•D
ou
ble
s eve
ry 18 m
on
ths (h
old
s for C
PU
’s)
yea
rly gro
wth
fa
ctor: 1.6
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 11
Nvid
iad
evelop
men
t
75M6
25M30
06
3MG
eFo
rce4
1H0
2
Pe
r-Pix
. Sh
ad
.25M
200
M20
025M
Ge
Force
2 GT
S1H
00
Ve
rtex
Sha
d.
25M4
17M20
057M
Ge
Force
31H
01
30M
500
M24
057M
Ge
Force
3 Ti50
02H
01
31M250
M250
25MG
eFo
rce2 U
ltra2H
00
HW
T&
L15M
120M
12023M
Ge
Force
256
2H9
9
200
M
9M
6M
3M 3M
po
ly ra
te
Floa
ting
Po
int
1500
M50
0125M
Ge
Force
FX1H
03
AG
P 4
x75M
1509
MT
NT
21H
99
32-bit, T
ri50
M10
07M
Riva
TN
T2H
98
AG
P 2x
31M?
5MR
iva Z
X1H
98
2D/3D
20M
?3M
Riva
1282H
97
ne
w fea
ture
sfill
rate
MH
z#
tran
sp
rod
uct
seaso
n
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 12
Nvid
iah
ard
wa
re
2.620
0M
2.4150
0M
Ge
Force
FX1H
03
2.2 1.6
1.4
2.5
1.6
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.4 -
yea
rra
te
6.3
75M6
25MG
eFo
rce4
1H0
2
2.825M
200
MG
eFo
rce2 G
TS
1H0
0
0.6
25M4
17MG
eFo
rce3
1H0
1
1.430
M50
0M
Ge
Force
3 Ti50
02H
01
1.531M
250M
Ge
Force
2 Ultra
2H0
0
2.815M
120M
Ge
Force
2562H
99
9M
6M
3M 3M
po
ly ra
te
2.5A
vera
ge
rate
2.375M
TN
T 2
1H9
9
4.0
50M
Riva
TN
T2H
98
1.031M
Riva
ZX
1H9
8
-20
MR
iva 128
2H9
7
yea
rra
tefill
rate
pro
du
ctsea
son
Esse
ntia
lly Mo
ore
’s law
squ
are
d!
4
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 13
Futu
re?
•D
eve
lop
me
nt d
riven
by g
am
es!
•C
ine
ma
:
–“T
oy S
tory”
(199
5) 7 h
ou
rs/fram
e to ren
der (m
ax
. 90
ho
urs)
–“S
hrek”
(200
1) m
ain
cha
racters: ~
80
0K
po
lygo
ns ea
ch
•N
ice: 80
M p
olyg
on
/fram
e @6
0H
z
–4
.8 b
illion
po
lygo
ns/se
c
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 14
Futu
re? (2)
•W
e ha
ve…–
Ve
ry hig
h fill ra
tes
–H
igh
po
lygo
n ra
tes
–Lo
ts of te
xtu
res
–“S
om
e”
pro
gra
mm
ab
ility
•W
e wa
nt…
–“Fu
ll”p
rog
ram
ma
bility
–Flex
ible g
eo
metry sp
ecificatio
n
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 15
Pro
gra
mm
ab
le G
rap
hics A
rchitectu
res
•Fro
m fix
ed
to p
rog
ram
ma
ble a
rchite
cture
–D
X7/N
V1x
/R10
0
con
figu
rab
le p
ixe
l stag
es.
–D
X8
/NV
2x/R
200
vertex
sha
de
rsa
nd
limite
d p
ixel sh
ad
ers.
–D
X9
/NV
3x/R
300
verte
x sh
ad
ers
with
flow
con
trol
pix
el sha
ders
with
arb
itrarily p
ositio
ne
dco
mm
an
ds.
•N
ea
r futu
re:–
DX
10?
gen
era
tion
of n
ew
verticesin
sha
ders
ne
w in
structio
ns.
•Fin
al g
oa
l?–
GP
U =
arra
y of fu
ll-fea
ture
d sh
ad
er
pro
cesso
rs w
itho
ut d
ivision
into
pix
el a
nd
vertex
sha
ders.
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 16
GP
U A
rchitectu
re (G
eForce
68
00
)•
Specifica
tion
s
–T
ran
sistors:
222M
–M
em
ory in
terfa
ce:
256-b
it
–M
emo
ry ba
nd
wid
th:
35.2GB
/sec
–V
ertex p
rocesso
rs:6
–V
ertices/sec.6
00
M
–P
ixel p
rocesso
rs 16
–P
ixels p
er C
lock (p
eak):
16
–Fill R
ate:
6.4
GP
ixe
ls/sec
–T
extu
res pe
r Pix
el:
16
–2 R
AM
DA
Cs
40
0M
Hz
•Se
e also
AT
I Ra
deo
nX
850
with
simila
r specs
5
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 17
GP
U A
rchitectu
re (G
eForce
68
00
)
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 18
GP
U A
rchitectu
re (G
eForce
68
00
)
•A
dva
nce
d ve
rtex
/frag
me
nt sh
ad
erfu
nctio
na
lity–
dyn
am
ic, con
ditio
na
l execu
tion
an
d flo
w co
ntro
l
–128
bit flo
atin
g-p
oin
t precisio
n co
mp
uta
tion
th
rou
gh
the
entire ren
de
ring
pip
eline
•Lo
ssless co
mp
ressio
na
lgo
rithm
s–
for co
lor, tex
ture a
nd
z da
ta
•A
niso
trop
ic filterin
g–
qu
ality u
p to
8x
of th
e u
sua
l bilin
ea
r tex
ture
–u
p to
128 d
iscrete
sam
ple
s pe
r on
e te
xtu
re fetch
•N
ew h
ybrid
An
tiaA
liasin
gm
od
es
•A
lot m
ore…
(see N
Vid
iasp
ecificatio
ns)
Gra
ph
ics Pro
gra
mm
ing
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
20
Tra
ditio
na
lG
rap
hics P
ipelin
e
fram
e-b
uffe
ro
ps
tex
ture
fetch
,fra
gm
en
t sha
din
g
setup
tran
sform
,lig
htin
g
raste
rizer
Each unit has a specific function(usually with configurable “m
odes”of operation)
6
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 21
Pro
gra
mm
ab
leSh
ad
ers
User-d
efined
Ve
rtex
Pro
cessing
User-d
efined
Frag
me
nt
Pro
cessing
fram
e-b
uffe
ro
ps
tex
ture
fetch
,fra
gm
en
t sha
din
g
setup
tran
sform
,lig
htin
g
raste
rizer
User-defined shadersbypass the conventional functions
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 23
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Co
ncep
tua
l Overview
Ve
rtex
A
ttribu
tes
Ve
rtex P
rog
ram
Vertex
Resu
lt R
eg
isters
Tem
po
rary
Va
riab
les
Nx
4 reg
isters (N≥
16)
M in
structio
ns (M
≥128
)
Pro
gra
mLo
cal
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Lx4
registers (L≥
96
)
Tx
4 va
riab
les (T≥12)
Pro
gra
m
En
viron
men
t P
ara
me
ters
Ex4
registers (E≥
96
)
Rx
4 reg
isters (R≥8
)
Ad
dre
ss V
aria
ble
sA
x4
varia
bles (A
≥1)
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 24
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
•V
ertexp
rog
ram
–A
ssem
bly
lan
gu
ag
ein
terface
to T
&L u
nit
–G
PU
instru
ction
set
to p
erfo
rma
ll verte
xm
ath
•In
pu
t:
–A
rbitra
ry vertex
attrib
ute
s
–P
rog
ram
pa
ram
eters,
–O
pen
GL sta
tes
•O
utp
ut: tra
nsfo
rme
d ve
rtex
resu
lts
–H
om
og
en
eo
us clip
spa
ce p
ositio
n (re
qu
ired)
–C
olo
rs (fron
t/ba
ck, prim
ary/seco
nd
ary)
–Fo
g co
ord
ina
tes
–T
ex
ture
coo
rdin
ate
s
–G
en
eric ve
rtex
attrib
ute
s
7
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 25
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
(2)
•P
rog
ram
pro
pe
rties
–D
oe
s no
t ge
ne
rate
or d
estro
y vertice
s
Alw
ays 1 ve
rtex
in a
nd
1 verte
x o
ut
–N
o to
po
log
ical in
form
atio
n p
rovid
ed
No
ed
ge
, face, n
or n
eig
hb
orin
g ve
rtex
info
rma
tion
ava
ilab
le
–D
yna
mica
lly loa
da
ble
•E
xp
ose
d th
rou
gh
the
Op
en
GL A
RB
ex
tensio
n:
ARB_vertex_program
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
26
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Assem
bly La
ng
ua
ge
•P
ow
erful S
IMD
instru
ction
set (27 in
structio
ns):
ABS, ADD, ARL, DP3, DP4, DPH, DST, EX2,
EXP, FLR, FRC, LG2, LIT, LOG, MAD, MAX,
MIN, MOV, MUL, POW, RCP, RSQ, SGE, SLT,
SUB, SWZ, XPD.
•In
structio
n fo
rma
t:Opcode
dest, src0
[,src1[,src2]];
•R
eg
isters: 4
-vecto
r or re
plica
ted
scala
r
–So
urce
reg
isters ca
n b
e n
eg
ated
:MAD R1, -R2, R3, R4;
–So
urce
reg
isters ca
n b
e “sw
izzled":
MOV R1, R2.yzwx;
–D
estin
atio
n re
giste
r can
be
ma
sked
:DP3 R1.zw, R2, R3;
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 27
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Reg
ister Set
Ve
rtex
A
ttribu
tes
Ve
rtex P
rog
ram
Vertex
Resu
lt R
eg
isters
Tem
po
rary
Va
riab
les
vertex.*
Pro
gra
mLo
cal
Pa
ram
ete
rs
program.local[0]
…program.local[N-1]
user defined
Pro
gra
m
En
viron
men
t P
ara
me
ters
program.env[0]
…program.env[N-1]
result.*
Ad
dre
ss V
aria
ble
s
user defined
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 28
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Attrib
utes &
Resu
lts
Attribute RegisterCom
ponentsUnderlying State
vertex
.po
sition
(x,y,z,w
)o
bject p
ositio
nverte
x.n
orm
al
(x,y,z,1)
no
rma
lverte
x.co
lor
(r,g,b
,a)
prim
ary co
lor
vertex
.tex
coo
rd[n
](s,t,r,q
)te
xtu
re co
ord
ina
te, un
it n…
……
vertex
.attrib
[n]
(x,y,z,w
)g
ene
ric vertex
attrib
ute
n
Result Register Com
ponentsDescription
result.p
ositio
n(x
,y,z,w)
po
sition
in clip
coo
rdin
ates
resu
lt.colo
r(r,g
,b,a
)fro
nt-fa
cing
, prim
ary co
lor
resu
lt.tex
coo
rd[n
](s,t,r,q
)te
xtu
re co
ord
ina
te, un
it n…
……
8
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
29
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Pa
ram
eters & Sta
tes•
Pro
gra
mlo
calp
ara
meters
–Sto
re pro
gra
m-sp
ecific pa
ram
eters re
qu
ired
by th
e pro
gra
mPARAM foo= program.local[12];
•P
rog
ram
enviro
nm
ent
pa
ram
eters
–S
tore p
ara
mete
r com
mo
n to
a se
t of p
rog
ram
s (i.e
. mo
de
lviewm
atrix
, mo
del-vie
w-p
rojectio
n (m
vp) m
atrix
) PARAM time = program.env[0];
•O
pen
GL
state
pa
ram
eters
–A
ccess to
curre
nt O
pe
nG
L pro
pe
rties
PARAM ambient = state.material.ambient;
PARAM lightDir= state.light[0].position;
PARAM mat[4] = { state.matrix.modelview
};
…
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
30
Vertex
Pro
gra
mm
ing
Va
riab
les & C
on
stan
ts
•T
emp
ora
ryva
riab
les
–Fo
ur-co
mp
on
ent flo
atin
g-p
oin
t vectors u
sed to
store
interm
edia
te com
pu
tatio
ns
–D
eclared
befo
re first use:
TEMP tmp;
MOV tmp, vertex.position;
•C
on
stan
ts
–Ex
plicit co
nsta
nt b
ind
ing
PARAM c = {1.0, 2.0};
(1.0, 2.0, 0.0, 1.0)
–Im
plicit co
nsta
nt b
ind
ing
ADD a, b,
{7.0, -2.0, 0.33};
(7.0, -2.0, 0.33, 1.0)
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 31
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
1Sim
ple transform to clip space
!!ARBvp1.0
ATTRIB pos = vertex.position;
PARAM
mat[4] = { state.matrix.mvp
};
# Transform by concatenation of the
# MODELVIEW and PROJECTION matrices.
DP4 result.position.x, mat[0], pos;
DP4 result.position.y, mat[1], pos;
DP4 result.position.z, mat[2], pos;
DP4 result.position.w, mat[3], pos;
# Pass the primary color through w/o lighting.
MOV result.color, vertex.color;
END
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 32
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
2Sim
ple ambient, specular, and diffuse lighting
!!ARBvp1.0
ATTRIB iPos
= vertex.position;
ATTRIB iNormal= vertex.normal;
PARAM mvinv[4] = { state.matrix.modelview.invtrans
};
PARAM mvp[4] = { state.matrix.mvp
};
PARAM lightDir
= state.light[0].position;
PARAM halfDir
= state.light[0].half;
PARAM specExp
= state.material.shininess;
PARAM ambientCol
= state.lightprod[0].ambient;
PARAM diffuseCol
= state.lightprod[0].diffuse;
PARAM specularCol
= state.lightprod[0].specular;
TEMP eyeNormal, temp, dots, lightcoefs;
OUTPUT oPos
= result.position;
OUTPUT oColor
= result.color;
9
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 33
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
2 (2)# Transform the vertex to clip coordinates.
DP4 oPos.x, mvp[0], iPos;
DP4 oPos.y, mvp[1], iPos;
DP4 oPos.z, mvp[2], iPos;
DP4 oPos.w, mvp[3], iPos;
# Transform the normal into eye space.
DP3 eyeNormal.x, mvinv[0], iNormal;
DP3 eyeNormal.y, mvinv[1], iNormal;
DP3 eyeNormal.z, mvinv[2], iNormal;
# Compute diffuse and specular
dot products
# and use LIT to compute lighting coefficients.
DP3 dots.x, eyeNormal, lightDir;
DP3 dots.y, eyeNormal, halfDir;
MOV dots.w, specExp.x;
LIT lightcoefs, dots;
# Accumulate color contributions.
MAD temp, lightcoefs.y, diffuseCol, ambientCol;
MAD oColor.xyz, lightcoefs.z, specularCol, temp;
MOV oColor.w, diffuseCol.w;
END
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 35
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
Co
ncep
tua
l Overview
Frag
men
t A
ttribu
tes
Frag
men
t P
rog
ram
Frag
men
t Resu
lt R
eg
isters
Tem
po
rary
Va
riab
les
Nx
4 reg
isters (N≥
10)
M in
structio
ns (M
≥72)
Pro
gra
mLo
cal
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Lx4
registers (L≥
24)
Tx
4 va
riab
les (T≥16
)
Pro
gra
m
En
viron
men
t P
ara
me
ters
Ex4
registers (E≥
24)
1x4
colo
r reg
ister
1x1 d
epth
register
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
36
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
•Fra
gm
ent p
rog
ram
–A
ssemb
lyla
ng
ua
ge
inte
rface
to tex
ture, co
lor
sum
an
d fo
gu
nit
–G
PU
instru
ction
set
to p
erfo
rma
ll frag
men
tm
ath
(verysim
ilar
to ve
rtexp
rog
ram
s)
•In
pu
t: arb
itrary fra
gm
ent a
ttribu
tes, p
rog
ram
pa
ram
ete
rs,
Op
en
GL sta
tes
•O
utp
ut: fin
al co
lor a
nd
dep
th o
f frag
men
t
10
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 37
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
(2)
•P
rog
ram
pro
pe
rties
–D
oe
s no
t ge
ne
rate
frag
me
nts b
ut m
ay d
estro
y the
mK
IL instru
ction
–N
o to
po
log
ical in
form
atio
n p
rovid
ed
No
verte
x, n
or n
eig
hb
orin
g fra
gm
en
t info
rma
tion
ava
ilab
le
–D
yna
mica
lly loa
da
ble
•E
xp
ose
d th
rou
gh
the
Op
en
GL A
RB
ex
tensio
n:
ARB_fragment_program
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 38
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
Assem
bly La
ng
ua
ge
•P
ow
erful S
IMD
instru
ction
set (33 in
structio
ns):
ABS, ADD, CMP, COS, DP3, DP4, DPH, DST,
EX2, FLR, FRC, KIL, LG2, LIT, LRP, MAD,
MAX, MIN, MOV, MUL, POW, RCP, RSQ, SCS,
SGE, SIN, SLT, SUB, SWZ, TEX, TXB, TXP,
XPD.
•Like in
verte
x p
rog
ram
s:
•In
structio
n fo
rma
t
•R
egister “sw
izzling
”, ma
sking
•P
rog
ram
pa
ram
eter a
nd
Op
en
GL sta
te a
ccess
•T
em
po
rary va
riab
le an
d co
nsta
nt h
an
dlin
g
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
39
Frag
men
t Pro
gra
mm
ing
Attrib
utes &
Resu
lts
Attribute RegisterCom
ponentsUnderlying State
frag
men
t.po
sition
(x,y,z,1/w
)w
ind
ow
po
sition
frag
men
t.colo
r(r,g
,b,a
)p
rima
ry colo
rfra
gm
ent.te
xco
ord
[n]
(s,t,r,q)
tex
ture
coo
rdin
ate, u
nit n
……
…
Result Register Com
ponentsDescription
resu
lt.colo
r(r,g
,b,a
)co
lor
resu
lt.de
pth
(*,*,d,*)
de
pth
coo
rdin
ate
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
40
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
3Sim
ple color modulation with texture lookup
!!ARBfp1.0
TEMP temp;
ATTRIB tex0 = fragment.texcoord[0];
ATTRIB col0 = fragment.color;
# Fetch the texture value.
TEX temp, tex0, texture[0], 2D;
# Modulate the fragment color with the texture value.
MUL result.color, col0, temp;
END
11
Op
enG
L Integ
ratio
n
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 42
Op
enG
LIn
tegra
tion
// Generate a program object handle.
Gluint
progId;
glGenProgramsARB(1, &progId);
// Bind the program object as the “current”
program.
glBindProgramARB(GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_ARB, progId);
// Specify the program for the current object.
// strProgram
contains the program source-code
glProgramStringARB(GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_ARB,
GL_PROGRAM_FORMAT_ASCII_ARB,
strlen(strProgram), strProgram);
// Check for errors and warnings.
if(glGetError() == GL_INVALID_OPERATION) {
…}
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 43
Op
enG
LIn
tegra
tion
(2)
// Enable the vertex program.
glEnable(GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_ARB);
// Set some local program parameter in local program
register 12.
glProgramLocalParameter4fARB(GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_ARB, 12,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
// Set per vertex attributes in attribute register 0
glVertexAttribPointerARB(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, false, 0,
vertexData
);
// Draw elements pointed to by nIndices
and indicies
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, nIndices, GL_UNSIGNED_INT,
indicies
);
// Disable the vertex program.
glDisable(GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_ARB);
// When finished, delete the program object.
glDeleteProgramsARB(1, &progId);
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
44
Tren
ds
•H
igh
-levelsha
de
rla
ng
ua
ges
–C
g, H
LSL, ...
•C
on
ditio
na
lsa
nd
flow
con
trol
–If-else
–fo
ra
nd
wh
ile
–su
bro
utin
es
•O
vercom
elim
itatio
ns
–M
ax
. nu
mb
ero
f instru
ction
sa
nd
textu
relo
oku
ps
–N
o tex
ture
loo
kup
in vertex
sha
de
rp
ossib
leyet
•M
ore
da
tatyp
es
an
d h
igh
er
precisio
n–
Inte
ge
r da
tatyp
es
–Fu
ll floa
ting
-po
int d
ata
types
an
d b
uffe
rs
12
Cg
–C
for G
rap
hics
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
46
Cg
-C
for G
rap
hics
Graphics Program
Written in Cg
“C”for Graphics
Compiled & Optim
ized
Low Level, Graphics“Assem
bly Code”
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 47
Cg
Intro
du
ction
•Syn
tax
, op
era
tors, fu
nctio
ns fro
m C
lan
gu
ag
e•
Co
nd
ition
als a
nd
flow
con
trol
•P
articu
larly su
itab
le for G
PU
s:–
Exp
resses da
ta flo
w o
f the p
ipelin
e/stream
arch
itecture o
f GP
Us
(e.g. vertex
-to
-pix
el) –
Vecto
r an
d m
atrix
op
eratio
ns
–Su
pp
orts h
ard
wa
re d
ata
type
s for m
ax
imu
m p
erfo
rma
nce
–Ex
po
ses G
PU
fun
ction
s for co
nve
nie
nce
an
d sp
ee
d:
•In
trinsic: (m
ul, d
ot, sq
rt…)
•B
uilt-in
: extrem
ely usefu
l an
d G
PU
op
timized
ma
th, u
tility an
d
geo
metric fu
nctio
ns (n
oise, m
ix, refle
ct, sin…
)–
Lan
gu
ag
e re
serves keyw
ord
s to su
pp
ort fu
ture
ha
rdw
are
imp
lem
en
tatio
ns
(e.g. sw
itch, ca
se…)
–C
om
piler u
ses h
ard
wa
re p
rofiles to
sub
set C
g a
s req
uire
d fo
r pa
rticula
r h
ard
wa
re fea
ture
sets
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
48
Cg
Usa
ge
Th
ree wa
ys:•
Cg
Ru
ntim
e –a
thin
AP
I:–
ASC
II .Cg
sha
der
com
piled
at ru
ntim
e
–C
on
venien
t inte
rface fo
r setting
sha
der
pa
ram
eters a
nd
co
nsta
nts
•C
om
ma
nd
line co
mp
iler g
enera
tes text file o
utp
ut:
–D
X / O
pen
GL –
vertex a
nd
pix
el sh
ad
er
files
–T
we
ak th
e A
SM
you
rself
–G
enera
tes com
men
ts on
pro
gra
m p
ara
meters &
reg
isters
•C
gFX
–Effect fra
me
wo
rk with
rend
er states
13
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
49
Cg
Usa
ge (2)
Verte
x p
roce
ssing
Fixed
fun
ction
-or-
Ha
nd
-written
ASM
-or-
Co
mp
iled
Cg
-or-
Ha
nd
-op
timize
d C
g A
SM
Frag
me
nt p
roce
ssing
Fixed
fun
ction
-or-
Ha
nd
-written
ASM
-or-
Co
mp
iled
Cg
-or-
Ha
nd
-op
timize
d C
g A
SM
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE
50
Cg
Ha
rdw
are P
rofiles
•N
VID
IA C
g C
om
pile
r pro
vides se
veral p
rofile
s:–
DX
Ve
rtex a
nd
Pix
el Sh
ad
ers
–O
pe
nG
L Ve
rtex a
nd
Frag
me
nt P
rog
ram
s
–N
V V
ertex
an
d Fra
gm
ent P
rog
ram
s
•E
ach
pro
file ha
s its ow
n lim
itatio
ns, e.g
.–
No
“ha
lf”o
r “fixed
”d
ata
type
–N
o tex
ture fu
nctio
ns in
vertex p
rog
ram
s
–N
o “fo
r”o
r “wh
ile”lo
op
s in fra
gm
ent p
rog
ram
s(u
nless th
ey’re u
nro
llab
le)
–etc.
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 51
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
4Sim
ple vertex lighting// Define inputs from application.
struct
appin
: application2vertex {
float4 Position, Normal, Color;
};
// Define outputs from vertex shader.
struct
vertout
: vertex2fragment{
float4 HPosition, Color0;
};
// Program entry point.
vertout
main(appin
IN,
uniform float4x4 ModelViewProj, uniform float4x4 ModelViewIT,
uniform float4 CamPos, uniform float4 LightVec)
{// Transform position/normal from model-space to view-space.
vertout
OUT;
OUT.HPosition
= mul(ModelViewProj, IN.Position);
float4 normal = normalize(mul(ModelViewIT,
IN.Normal).xyzz);
…H
W a
nd
Prog
ram
ma
ble G
E 52
Exa
mp
le Pro
gra
m #
4 (2)
// Normalize light vector.
float4 light = normalize(LightVec);
// Calculate half angle vector.
float4 eye = CamPos;
float4 half = normalize(light
+ eye);
// Calculate diffuse and specular
component.
float diffuse = dot(normal, light);
float specular
= dot(normal, half);
specular
= pow(specular, 32);
// Specify ambient/specular
color.
float4 ambientColor
= float4(0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2);
float4 specularMaterial
= float4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
// Combine all components into final color.
OUT.Color0 = diffuse * IN.Color
+ specular
* specularMaterial
+ ambientColor;
return OUT;
}
14
HW
an
d P
rogra
mm
ab
le GE 53
Links
•N
Vid
iah
ttp://w
ww
.nvid
ia.co
m
•A
TI
http
://ww
w.a
ti.com
•O
pen
GL ex
tensio
n reg
istryh
ttp://o
ss.sgi.co
m/p
roje
cts/og
l-sam
ple/re
gistry
•C
gh
ttp://w
ww
.cgsh
ad
ers.o
rg