gdhc0035chr healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement ... · reference code: gdhc0035chr publication...

Reference Code: GDHC0035CHR Publication Date: February 2013

Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape

Thailand

Healthcare, Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape Thailand

GDHC0035CHR / Published FEB 2013

© GlobalData. This report is a licensed product and is not to be copied, reproduced, shared or resold in any form

Changing Demographic Structures and Increasing Disease Burden Present a New Set of Challenges for THAILAND’S Healthcare Policy Planners

Thailand had a population of approximately XX million in 2011, making it the XXth most populated country in the world (BOT, 2012). As shown in the following figure, the proportion of the population aged XX–XX years decreased between 2006 and 2011. The working-age population (XX-XX years) was approximately XX% in 2011, and it is estimated to decline to account for XX% of the population in 2020 (NSO, 2007). In 2011, the elderly population (XX years and above) totaled XX million and it is expected to double between 2011–2030 (UNPF, 2011). The decline in the number of youth employment can be considered a barrier to more rapid economic development as it will restrict the availability of a domestic labor pool. The elderly population is more prone to chronic diseases consume more medical products than the younger population. The increasing elderly population is the main reason for the gradual rise in healthcare expenditures in Thailand.

Age Groups, Thailand, Population Distribution (%), 2006–2020

2006 2011 2015 2020

Pop

ulat

ion

(%)

Year

CAGR (2006–2020): XX%

CAGR (2006–2020): XX%

CAGR (2006–2020): XX%

Source: GlobalData; NSO, 2007

This is primarily due to the increase in male and female life expectancy. From 1964 to 2010, life expectancy at birth increased substantially from XX years to XX years for males and from XX years to XX years for females (MoPH, 2010). Access to better healthcare facilities also played a part.

One of the factors responsible for these changing demographics is internal migration. In 2009, rural-to-urban migration accounted for XX% of all migrations, whereas urban-to-rural migration accounted for XX%. A decline in the birth and fertility rate is also responsible. Between 1963 and 1983, the total number of births per year in Thailand was more than XX million, but by 2010 had dropped to XX per year (IPSR, 2012).

The population aged 65 years and above is expected to increase at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of XX% between 2012 and 2020 to account for XX%, up from XX% in 2011 (NSO, 2007). The increasing elderly population and the associated disease burden will force the government to allocate more resources to the care of the elderly. This will impose a financial and logistical burden on the healthcare system but will also drive market growth.

There is Significant Untapped Potential in Healthcare Market Because Access to High Quality Facilities in Rural Areas is Still Lacking. INVOLVEMENT of Domestic Manufacturers in R&D, Growing Elderly Population, a Robust Medical Tourism Sector and Government Initiatives will Drive Growth

The pharmaceutical market was estimated at $XX billion in 2006 and is expected to reach approximately $XX billion by 2020 at a CAGR of XX% (BOI, 2011). A government initiative to provide universal healthcare insurance coverage to the entire population has significantly boosted market growth, and medical tourism is expected to increase at a year-on-year growth rate of XX% from 2012 to 2015 (TAT, 2009). In order to promote the medical tourism sector the government launched a new website in 2010, which provides information relating to surgical procedures, health service providers, packages and information for tourist destinations (TAT, 2010).

Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Revenue Forecast ($bn), 2006–2020

2006 2011 2015* 2020*

Rev

enue

($bn

)

Year

CAGR (2006–2020): XX%

Source: GlobalData; BOI, 2011 *Estimated figures

The medical device market was worth approximately $XXm in 2011 and is expected to reach $XX billion in 2020 at a CAGR of XX% from 2006 to 2020 (BOI, 2010a). The medical care and welfare markets are expected to grow significantly in the future due to the increase in the elderly population and government initiatives such as the introduction of a second National Plan for Older Persons in 2012.


GDHC0035CHR / Published FEB 2013 Page 5


1 Table of Contents 1 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 List of Figures............................................................................................................................ 8

2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Report Guidance ..................................................................................................................... 11

3 Overview of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Markets ......................................................... 12 3.1 Pharmaceutical Market ............................................................................................................ 12

3.1.1 Market Overview ............................................................................................................. 12 3.1.2 Supply Channels ............................................................................................................ 21 3.1.3 Market Segments ........................................................................................................... 23 3.1.4 Major Therapeutic Areas ................................................................................................. 30 3.1.5 Major Players ................................................................................................................. 36

3.2 Medical Device Market ............................................................................................................ 70 3.2.1 Market Overview ............................................................................................................. 70

3.3 Market Drivers and Barriers ..................................................................................................... 74 3.3.1 Drivers ........................................................................................................................... 74 3.3.2 Barriers .......................................................................................................................... 75

4 Market Access ............................................................................................................................... 78 4.1 Reimbursement and Payer Landscape ..................................................................................... 78

4.1.1 Healthcare System Overview .......................................................................................... 78 4.1.2 Reimbursement Process ................................................................................................. 82 4.1.3 Overview of Insurance Providers ..................................................................................... 85 4.1.4 Patient Share in Healthcare Spending ............................................................................. 88 4.1.5 Price Trend in Healthcare Services.................................................................................. 89 4.1.6 Pricing Policies ............................................................................................................... 90

4.2 Regulatory Landscape ............................................................................................................. 90 4.2.1 Overview of Regulatory Agencies .................................................................................... 90 4.2.2 Marketing Authorization Procedure for Pharmaceutical Products ...................................... 92 4.2.3 Medical Device Approval Process ................................................................................... 99 4.2.4 Licensing Process for Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Manufacturing ...................... 100 4.2.5 Licensing Process for Pharmaceutical Exports and Imports ............................................ 101 4.2.6 Intellectual Property Rights ........................................................................................... 103 4.2.7 Clinical Trial Regulations ............................................................................................... 109 4.2.8 Pharmaceutical Advertising Regulations ........................................................................ 111 4.2.9 Pharmacy Regulations .................................................................................................. 112 4.2.10 Labeling and Packaging Regulations ............................................................................. 113

5 Country Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 114 5.1 Political Environment ............................................................................................................. 114

5.1.1 Political Structure .......................................................................................................... 114 5.1.2 Analysis of the Current Political Environment ................................................................. 115 5.1.3 Healthcare Policy Initiatives........................................................................................... 116

5.2 Economic Landscape ............................................................................................................ 117 5.3 Economic Indicators .............................................................................................................. 119

5.3.1 Gross Domestic Product ............................................................................................... 119 5.3.2 Gross National Income.................................................................................................. 123 5.3.3 Inflation ........................................................................................................................ 124 5.3.4 Currency Exchange Rate .............................................................................................. 128 5.3.5 Foreign Direct Investment ............................................................................................. 129 5.3.6 Foreign Exchange Reserves ......................................................................................... 131 5.3.7 Trade Balance .............................................................................................................. 132 5.3.8 Government Structural Balance ..................................................................................... 136 5.3.9 Government Net Debt ................................................................................................... 138 5.3.10 Major Industries ............................................................................................................ 139

5.4 Demography ......................................................................................................................... 140 5.4.1 Population .................................................................................................................... 140 5.4.2 Education and Literacy.................................................................................................. 158 5.4.3 Employment ................................................................................................................. 161 5.4.4 Disease Burden ............................................................................................................ 167

5.5 Healthcare Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 170




5.5.1 Healthcare Facilities ..................................................................................................... 170 5.5.2 Healthcare Parameters ................................................................................................. 180 5.5.3 Environmental Health .................................................................................................... 182 5.5.4 Healthcare Personnel ................................................................................................... 186

5.6 Healthcare Expenditure ......................................................................................................... 188 5.6.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................... 188 5.6.2 Major Components of Healthcare Spending ................................................................... 195 5.6.3 Share of Public and Private Sectors .............................................................................. 196 5.6.4 Spending in Pharmaceutical R&D .................................................................................. 197

5.7 Trade Associations ................................................................................................................ 198 5.7.1 Thai Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association ............................................................ 198 5.7.2 Thai Medical Technology Industry Association ............................................................... 198 5.7.3 Thai Self-Medication Industry Association ...................................................................... 198 5.7.4 The Medical Association of Thailand ............................................................................. 198

5.8 Trade Fairs ........................................................................................................................... 198 6 Opportunities and Challenges ...................................................................................................... 199

6.1 Opportunities ......................................................................................................................... 199 6.2 Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 200

7 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 201 7.1 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 201 7.2 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 203 7.3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 211

7.3.1 Coverage ..................................................................................................................... 211 7.3.2 Secondary Research .................................................................................................... 211 7.3.3 Forecasting .................................................................................................................. 212 7.3.4 Primary Research ......................................................................................................... 212 7.3.5 Expert Panel Validation ................................................................................................. 212

7.4 Contact Us ............................................................................................................................ 212 7.5 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................. 213




1.1 List of Tables Table 1: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Revenue ($bn), 2006–2011 ............................................. 14 Table 2: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Revenue Forecast ($bn), 2012–2020 ............................... 15 Table 3: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Company Ownership (%), 2009 ....................................... 16 Table 4: Pharmaceutical Imports, Thailand, Revenue ($bn), 2006–2011 ............................................ 17 Table 5: Pharmaceutical Exports, Thailand, Revenue ($m), 2006–2011 ............................................. 18 Table 6: Medical Tourism, Thailand, Number of Foreign Patients (million), 2005–2010 ....................... 19 Table 7: Medical Tourism, Thailand, Procedures ($’000), 2011 .......................................................... 20 Table 8: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Public Sector Mark-ups (%), 2007.................................... 22 Table 9: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Private Sector Pharmaceutical Mark-ups (%), 2007 .......... 22 Table 10: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Pharmaceutical Product Sales by Segment (%), 2007 ...... 23 Table 11: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Generic Drug Exports ($m), 2005–2010 ........................... 24 Table 12: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Generic Drug Imports ($m), 2005–2010 ........................... 25 Table 13: Pharmaceutical Market, Global, Drugs Going Off-Patent, Revenues ($m), 2011–2015 .......... 26 Table 14: Self-Medication in Household Health Expenditure, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ............. 29 Table 15: Major Therapeutic Areas, Thailand, Prevalence (%), 2010 ................................................... 30 Table 16: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Thailand, Prevalence (Per 100,000 Population),

2005–2010 ......................................................................................................................... 32 Table 17: Hepatitis B, Thailand, Incidence Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010 ........................ 33 Table 18: Diabetes, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010 .................... 33 Table 19: Cardiovascular Diseases, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010

.......................................................................................................................................... 34 Table 20: Hypertension Diseases, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010

.......................................................................................................................................... 35 Table 21: Annual Price Per Unit, Thailand, Cost ($), 2012 ................................................................... 35 Table 22: Major Products, Pfizer, Global, Revenue ($m), 2012 ............................................................ 36 Table 23: Late-Stage Pipeline, Pfizer, 2012 ........................................................................................ 37 Table 24: Major Products, Merck & Co, Global, Revenue ($m), 2012 ................................................... 42 Table 25: Late-Stage Pipeline, Merck & Co, 2012 ............................................................................... 43 Table 26: Major Products, Sanofi, Global, Revenue ($m), 2012 ........................................................... 49 Table 27: Late-Stage Pipeline, Sanofi, 2012 ....................................................................................... 49 Table 28: Major Products, Novartis, Global, Revenue ($m), 2012 ........................................................ 54 Table 29: Planned Filings, Novartis, 2012 ≥2016 ................................................................................. 55 Table 30: Major Products, GlaxoSmithKline, Global, Revenue ($m), 2011............................................ 60 Table 31: Late-Stage Pipeline, GlaxoSmithKline, 2012 ........................................................................ 61 Table 32: Major Products, Biolab, Thailand, 2012................................................................................ 67 Table 33: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Revenue ($m), 2006–2011 .............................................. 71 Table 34: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Revenue Forecast ($m), 2012–2020 ................................ 72 Table 35: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Segment Share (%), 2010................................................ 73 Table 36: Healthcare Schemes, Thailand, Funding Mechanisms, 2008 ................................................ 79 Table 37: Public Health Insurance Schemes, Thailand, 2009 ............................................................... 85 Table 38: Health Benefits Coverage, Thailand, 2009 ........................................................................... 86 Table 39: Healthcare Financing among Foreign Migrant Workers, Thailand, 2009 ................................ 87 Table 40: Healthcare Spending, Thailand, Patient Share (%), 2006–2011 ............................................ 88 Table 41: Healthcare Sector, Thailand, Price Change (%), 2006–2011 ................................................ 89 Table 42: GDP Per Capita ($), Thailand, 2006–2011 ......................................................................... 119 Table 43: GDP Per Capita ($),Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................................................... 120 Table 44: GDP, Thailand, Annual Growth (%), 2006–2011 ................................................................ 121 Table 45: GDP, Thailand, Annual Growth (%), Forecast, 2012–2020 ................................................. 122 Table 46: GNI Per Capita ($), Thailand, 2006–2011 .......................................................................... 123 Table 47: Average Consumer Price Index, Thailand, 2006–2011 ....................................................... 124 Table 48: Average Consumer Price Index, Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................................ 125 Table 49: Average Consumer Price, Thailand, Annual Change (%), 2006–2011 ................................. 126 Table 50: Average Consumer Price, Thailand, Annual Change (%), Forecast, 2012–2020 ................. 127 Table 51: Currency Exchange Rate (THB/$), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................... 128 Table 52: Foreign Direct Investment ($m), Thailand, 2006–2011 ....................................................... 130 Table 53: Foreign Exchange Reserves ($m), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................... 131 Table 54: Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 ............................................... 132 Table 55: Imports of Goods and Services, Share (%), Thailand, 2011 ................................................ 133 Table 56: Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 .............................................. 134 Table 57: Exports of Goods and Services, Share (%), Thailand, 2011 ................................................ 135 Table 58: General Government Structural Balance ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................. 136 Table 59: General Government Structural Balance ($bn), Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 .................. 137




Table 60: Annual Borrowings ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 .................................................................. 138 Table 61: Major Industries, Thailand, Gross Output ($bn), 2009 .......................................................... 139 Table 62: Population (million), Thailand, 2006–2011........................................................................... 140 Table 63: Population (million), Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................................................... 141 Table 64: Urban and Rural Population, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ............................................ 142 Table 65: Internal Migration Flow, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 .................................................... 143 Table 66: Age Groups, Thailand, Population Distribution (%), 2006–2011 ........................................... 145 Table 67: Age Groups, Thailand, Population Distribution (%), Forecast, 2012–2020 ............................ 146 Table 68: Births (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2006–2011 ............................................................ 147 Table 69: Mortality (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2006–2011........................................................ 148 Table 70: Major Causes of Mortality, Thailand, Share in Total Mortality (%), 2008 ............................... 149 Table 71: Children <5 Years Age, Thailand, Mortality (Per 1,000 Live Births), 2005–2010.................... 151 Table 72: Immunization Rate (%), Thailand, 2005–2010 ..................................................................... 152 Table 73: Major Causes of Male Mortality, Number of Deaths (‘000), Thailand, 2008 ........................... 153 Table 74: Major Causes of Female Mortality (Number of Deaths, ‘000), Thailand, 2008 ....................... 154 Table 75: Major Causes of Elderly Mortality (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2009 ........................ 155 Table 76: Gender Ratio (M/F), Thailand, 2006–2011 .......................................................................... 157 Table 77: Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), Thailand, 2006–2011........................................................ 157 Table 78: Levels of Education, Thailand, Student Enrolment (%), 2007 ............................................... 159 Table 79: Levels of Higher and Tertiary Education, Thailand, by Subject (‘000), 2007 .......................... 160 Table 80: Unemployment Rate (%), Thailand, 2006–2011 .................................................................. 162 Table 81: Major Employment Sector, Thailand, Segment (‘000), 2011................................................. 163 Table 82: Informal and Formal Workforce, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ....................................... 164 Table 83: Workforce by Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................................ 165 Table 84: Workforce by Sector, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................................. 166 Table 85: Major Diseases, Thailand, Prevalence Rate (%), 2007 ........................................................ 167 Table 86: Major Diseases, Thailand, Elderly Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2009 ....... 168 Table 87: Major Diseases, Thailand, DALYs (Per 100,000 Population), 2004 ...................................... 169 Table 88: Hospitals, Thailand, 2006–2011.......................................................................................... 170 Table 89: Hospitals by Authority and Region, Thailand, Share(%), 2008 ............................................. 171 Table 90: Public and Private Hospitals, Thailand, 2005–2010 ............................................................. 173 Table 91: Hospitals by Standard of Care, Thailand, Share (%), 2010 .................................................. 174 Table 92: Community Hospitals by Bed Size, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ............................................ 175 Table 93: Private Hospitals by Bed Size, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................... 176 Table 94: Hospital Beds by Authority and Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2008 ..................................... 177 Table 95: Diagnostic Facilities, Thailand, 2005–2010 ......................................................................... 178 Table 96: Diagnostic Facilities by Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................. 179 Table 97: Hospital Beds (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 ............................................... 180 Table 98: Number of Physicians (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 ................................... 181 Table 99: Environmental Attributable Deaths (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2004 ...................... 182 Table 100: PM10 (µg/m3), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................................................ 183 Table 101: CO2 Emissions (Million Tons), Thailand, 2005–2010 ......................................................... 185 Table 102: Healthcare Personnel (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 .............................. 186 Table 103: Health Personnel by Type of Hospitals, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 .................................... 187 Table 104: Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), Thailand, 2005–2010 ................................................ 188 Table 105: Drug Expenditure (% of GDP), Thailand, 2005–2010 ......................................................... 189 Table 106: Drug Expenditure (% of Health Expenditure), Thailand, 2005–2010 ................................... 190 Table 107: Healthcare Expenditure by Source of Finance (%), Thailand, 2008 .................................... 191 Table 108: National Health Budget ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 .......................................................... 192 Table 109: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Budget ($bn), 2006–2011 ........................................... 193 Table 110: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Share of National Budget (%), 2006–2011 ................... 194 Table 111: Healthcare Expenditure, Thailand, Share of MoPH Budget by Program (%), 2011 .............. 195 Table 112: Healthcare Expenditure, Thailand, Public-Private Share (%), 2006–2011 ........................... 196 Table 113: Research and Development Expenditure, BIOTEC, Thailand, Share (%), 2010 .................. 197 Table 114: Major Healthcare Trade Fairs, Thailand, 2013 ................................................................... 198




1.2 List of Figures Figure 1: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Revenue ($bn), 2006–2011 ............................................. 14 Figure 2: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Revenue Forecast ($bn), 2012–2020 ............................... 15 Figure 3: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Company Ownership (%), 2009 ....................................... 16 Figure 4: Pharmaceutical Imports, Thailand, Revenue ($bn), 2006–2011 ............................................ 17 Figure 5: Pharmaceutical Exports, Thailand, Revenue ($m), 2006–2011 ............................................. 18 Figure 6: Medical Tourism, Thailand, Number of Foreign Patients (million), 2005–2010 ....................... 19 Figure 7: Medical Tourism, Thailand, Procedures ($’000), 2011 .......................................................... 20 Figure 8: Pharmaceutical Industry, Thailand, Structure, 2012.............................................................. 21 Figure 9: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Pharmaceutical Product Sales by Segment (%), 2007 ...... 22 Figure 10: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Generic Drug Exports ($m), 2005–2010 ........................... 24 Figure 11: Pharmaceutical Market, Thailand, Generic Drug Imports ($m), 2005–2010 ........................... 25 Figure 12: Self-Medication in Household Health Expenditure, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ............. 29 Figure 13: Major Therapeutic Areas, Thailand, Prevalence (%), 2010 ................................................... 30 Figure 14: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Thailand, Prevalence (Per 100,000 Population),

2005–2010 ......................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 15: Hepatitis B, Thailand, Incidence Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010 ........................ 32 Figure 16: Diabetes, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010 .................... 33 Figure 17: Cardiovascular Diseases, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010

.......................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 18: Hypertension Diseases, Thailand, Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2005–2010

.......................................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 19: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Revenue ($m), 2006–2011 .............................................. 71 Figure 20: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Revenue Forecast ($m), 2012–2020 ................................ 72 Figure 21: Medical Device Market, Thailand, Segment Share (%), 2010................................................ 73 Figure 22: Drivers and Barriers, Healthcare Market, Thailand, 2012 ...................................................... 77 Figure 23: Reimbursement Fund Flow, Thailand, 2012 ......................................................................... 80 Figure 24: Health Insurance Development, Thailand, 2012 ................................................................... 81 Figure 25: Addition to National List of Essential Drugs, Thailand, 2012 ................................................. 83 Figure 26: Drug Procurement Process, Thailand, 2012 ......................................................................... 84 Figure 27: Health Benefits Coverage, Thailand, 2009 ........................................................................... 86 Figure 28: Healthcare Financing among Foreign Migrant Workers, Thailand, 2009 ................................ 87 Figure 29: Healthcare Spending, Thailand, Patient Share (%), 2006–2011 ............................................ 88 Figure 30: Healthcare Sector, Thailand, Price Change (%), 2006–2011 ................................................ 89 Figure 31: Food and Drug Administration, Thailand, Structure, 2012 ..................................................... 91 Figure 32: Drug Control Division, Thailand, 2012 .................................................................................. 92 Figure 33: Marketing Authorization Procedure, Generics, Thailand ....................................................... 96 Figure 34: Marketing Authorization Procedure, New Drug, Thailand ...................................................... 97 Figure 35: Marketing Authorization Procedure, New Generic Drug, Thailand ......................................... 98 Figure 36: Import Licensing Process for General Medical Device, Thailand, 2012................................ 102 Figure 37: Patent Approval Process, Thailand, 2012 .......................................................................... 105 Figure 38: Trademark Approval Process, Thailand, 2012 .................................................................... 108 Figure 39: Clinical Trial Regulation Process, Thailand, 2012 ............................................................... 110 Figure 40: GDP Per Capita ($), Thailand, 2006–2011 ......................................................................... 119 Figure 41: GDP Per Capita ($),Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................................................... 120 Figure 42: GDP, Thailand, Annual Growth (%), 2006–2011 ................................................................ 121 Figure 43: GDP, Thailand, Annual Growth Forecast (%), 2012–2020 .................................................. 122 Figure 44: GNI Per Capita ($), Thailand, 2006–2011 .......................................................................... 123 Figure 45: Average Consumer Price Index, Thailand, 2006–2011 ....................................................... 124 Figure 46: Average Consumer Price Index, Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................................ 125 Figure 47: Average Consumer Price, Thailand, Annual Change (%), 2006–2011 ................................. 126 Figure 48: Average Consumer Price, Thailand, Annual Change Forecast (%), 2012–2020................... 127 Figure 49: Currency Exchange Rate (THB/$), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................... 128 Figure 50: Foreign Direct Investment ($m), Thailand, 2006–2011 ....................................................... 130 Figure 51: Foreign Exchange Reserves ($m), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................... 131 Figure 52: Imports of Goods and Services ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 ............................................... 132 Figure 53: Imports of Goods and Services, Share (%), Thailand, 2011 ................................................ 133 Figure 54: Exports of Goods and Services ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011............................................... 134 Figure 55: Exports of Goods and Services, Share (%), Thailand, 2011 ................................................ 135 Figure 56: General Government Structural Balance ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................. 136 Figure 57: General Government Structural Balance ($bn), Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 .................. 137 Figure 58: Annual Borrowings ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................................. 138




Figure 59: Major Industries, Thailand, Gross Output ($bn), 2009......................................................... 139 Figure 60: Population (million), Thailand, 2006–2011 ......................................................................... 140 Figure 61: Population (million), Thailand, Forecast, 2012–2020 .......................................................... 141 Figure 62: Urban and Rural Population, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ........................................... 142 Figure 63: Internal Migration Flow, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ................................................... 143 Figure 64: Direction of Migration by Area, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 .................................................. 144 Figure 65: Age Groups, Thailand, Population Distribution (%), 2006–2011 .......................................... 145 Figure 66: Age Groups, Thailand, Population Distribution (%), Forecast, 2012–2020 ........................... 146 Figure 67: Births (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2006–2011 ........................................................... 147 Figure 68: Mortality (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2006–2011 ...................................................... 148 Figure 69: Major Causes of Mortality, Thailand, Share in Total Mortality (%), 2008 .............................. 149 Figure 70: Children <5 Years Age, Thailand, Mortality (Per 1,000 Live Births), 2005–2010 .................. 151 Figure 71: Immunization Rate (%), Thailand, 2005–2010 .................................................................... 152 Figure 72: Major Causes of Male Mortality (Number of Deaths, ‘000), Thailand, 2008 .......................... 153 Figure 73: Major Causes of Female Mortality, Number of Deaths (‘000), Thailand, 2008 ...................... 154 Figure 74: Major Causes of Elderly Mortality (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2009 ....................... 155 Figure 75: Gender Ratio (M/F), Thailand, 2006–2011 ......................................................................... 156 Figure 76: Life Expectancy at Birth (Years), Thailand, 2006–2011 ...................................................... 157 Figure 77: Levels of Education, Thailand, Students Enrolment Rate (%), 2007 .................................... 159 Figure 78: Levels of Higher and Tertiary Education, Thailand, by Subject (‘000), 2007......................... 160 Figure 79: Unemployment Rate (%), Thailand, 2006–2011 ................................................................. 162 Figure 80: Major Employment Sector, Thailand, Segment (‘000), 2011 ............................................... 163 Figure 81: Informal and Formal Workforce, Thailand, Share (%), 2005–2010 ...................................... 164 Figure 82: Workforce by Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ............................................................... 165 Figure 83: Workforce by Sector, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................................ 166 Figure 84: Major Diseases, Thailand, Prevalence Rate (%), 2007 ....................................................... 167 Figure 85: Major Diseases, Thailand, Elderly Hospitalization Rate (Per 100,000 Population), 2009 ...... 168 Figure 86: Major Diseases, Thailand, DALYs (Per 100,000 Population), 2004 ..................................... 169 Figure 87: Hospitals, Thailand, 2006–2011 ........................................................................................ 170 Figure 88: Hospitals by Authority and Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2008 ........................................... 171 Figure 89: Investment Targets for Public Health Service System Development, Thailand, 2010–2012 .. 172 Figure 90: Public and Private Hospitals, Thailand, 2005–2010 ............................................................ 173 Figure 91: Hospitals by Standard of Care, Thailand, Share (%), 2010 ................................................. 174 Figure 92: Community Hospitals by Bed Size, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ........................................... 175 Figure 93: Private Hospitals by Bed Size, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 .................................................. 176 Figure 94: Hospital Beds by Authority and Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2008 .................................... 177 Figure 95: Diagnostic Facilities, Thailand, 2005–2010 ........................................................................ 178 Figure 96: Diagnostic Facilities by Region, Thailand, Share (%), 2009 ................................................ 179 Figure 97: Hospital Beds (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 .............................................. 180 Figure 98: Number of Physicians (Per 1,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 .................................. 181 Figure 99: Environmental Attributable Deaths (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2004 ..................... 182 Figure 100: PM10 (µg/m3), Thailand, 2006–2011 ............................................................................... 183 Figure 101: CO2 Emissions (Million Tons), Thailand, 2005–2010 ........................................................ 185 Figure 102: Healthcare Personnel (Per 100,000 Population), Thailand, 2005–2010 ............................. 186 Figure 103: Health Personnel by Type of Hospitals, Thailand, Share(%), 2009 .................................... 187 Figure 104: Healthcare Expenditure (% of GDP), Thailand, 2005–2010............................................... 188 Figure 105: Drug Expenditure (% of GDP), Thailand, 2005–2010........................................................ 189 Figure 106: Drug Expenditure (% of Health Expenditure), Thailand, 2005–2010 .................................. 190 Figure 107: Healthcare Expenditure by Source of Finance (%), Thailand, 2008 ................................... 191 Figure 108: National Health Budget ($bn), Thailand, 2006–2011......................................................... 192 Figure 109: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Budget ($bn), 2006–2011 .......................................... 193 Figure 110: Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, Share of National Budget (%), 2006–2011 .................. 194 Figure 111: Healthcare Expenditure, Thailand, Share of MoPH Budget by Program (%), 2011............. 195 Figure 112: Healthcare Expenditure, Thailand, Public-Private Share (%), 2006–2011 .......................... 196 Figure 113: Research and Development Expenditure, BIOTEC, Thailand, Share (%), 2010 ................. 197 Figure 114: Opportunities and Challenges, Healthcare Market, Thailand, 2012 ................................... 200




2 Introduction 2.1 Report Guidance Chapter two contains the executive summary, which gives an overview of Thailand’s healthcare

market and the key driving factors. It also gives a snapshot of the demographic, regulatory, and reimbursement landscape and the healthcare infrastructure.

Chapter three provides an overview of Thailand’s pharmaceutical and medical device markets, covering size; segmentation by generic, Over-The-Counter (OTC) and biologic/biosimilar products; and the key drivers and barriers. The section also includes profiles of the major players and SWOT assessments.

Chapter four covers the reimbursement and payer landscape, and the regulatory landscape. The reimbursement and payer landscape section elaborates on the features of the healthcare reimbursement process, insurance providers, pricing policies, and drug price trends. The regulatory landscape section provides an overview of the regulatory agencies and approval processes for new drugs and medical devices. Additionally, the chapter looks at the licensing process for the manufacture and exports and imports of pharmaceuticals; the regulations for pharmaceutical advertising, labeling, packaging and clinical trials; and the intellectual property rights landscape.

Chapter five provides detailed analysis of Thailand’s political and economic environment, looking at the economic indicators, demographics, healthcare infrastructure and healthcare expenditure.

Chapter six provides an overview of the opportunities for and challenges to growth in Thailand’s healthcare market.




4.1.4 Patient Share in Healthcare Spending The majority of people avail healthcare facilities in public hospitals due to UHI, making OOP expenditure very low. Patient share in health expenditure showed a declining trend between 2005 and 2011 from XX% to XX%. This was due to government initiatives to provide healthcare facilities and UHI coverage (The World Bank, 2012a).

Figure 29: Healthcare Spending, Thailand, Patient Share (%), 2006–2011

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*

OO

P (%

of T

otal

Hea

lthca

re E

xpen

ditu

re)

Year

Source: GlobalData; The World Bank, 2012a *Estimated figures

Table 40: Healthcare Spending, Thailand, Patient Share (%), 2006–2011 Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*

OOP (% of total healthcare expenditure)

Source: GlobalData; The World Bank, 2012a *Estimated figures




5.5 Healthcare Infrastructure 5.5.1 Healthcare Facilities The Thai healthcare system has undergone several developments over the years and is constantly evolving in terms of capacity for healthcare services, increase in health resources, expansion of health facilities, and adoption of new medical technology. Healthcare is mainly provided by the public and private sectors and services are decentralized to regions, states and districts. The public administration manages primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals and medical facilities.

In 2006, the total number of hospitals in Thailand was XX, which increased to XX in 2011. The number of hospitals increased at a CAGR of XX% during the 2005–2010 period due to increasing medical tourism and investment by private sector players. The MoPH manages the majority of hospitals in the country. The private sector account for the most hospitals in the Bangkok region.

In 2010, the doctor-to population ratio was XX per XX population. The ratio of dentists, pharmacists and nurses per XX population was XX, XX, and XX respectively (MoPH, 2010).

Figure 87: Hospitals, Thailand, 2006–2011

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011*

Hos

pita

ls

Year

CAGR (2006–2011): XX%

Source: GlobalData; MoPH, 2010

Table 88: Hospitals, Thailand, 2006–2011 Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011*

Hospitals

Source: GlobalData; MoPH, 2010




5.5.1.2 Hospitals by Standard of Care

Hospitals in Thailand are classified into three types:

District /Community Hospitals: District or community hospitals have XX to XX beds and are located in all districts and towns across the country. Their number has increased steadily in the last several years. In 2009, there were XX XX-bed community hospitals and XX XX-bed community hospitals in Thailand (MoPH, 2010).

Primary Healthcare Centers: Primary health centers are located mainly in villages. In 2009, there were XX community health posts, XX rural community primary healthcare centers, and XX urban community primary healthcare centers (MoPH, 2010).

Tertiary/Specialist Hospitals: Specialist hospitals in Thailand are under the control of various authorities. In 2009 there were XX specialized hospitals in the country (MoPH, 2010). They provide specialized therapies in areas such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease.

Figure 91: Hospitals by Standard of Care, Thailand, Share (%), 2010

Primary Hospitals

Secondary Hospitals

Tertiary Hospitals

Source: WHO, 2012b

Table 91: Hospitals by Standard of Care, Thailand, Share (%), 2010 Segment Share (%)

Primary hospitals

Secondary hospitals

Tertiary hospitals

Source: WHO, 2012b




7 Appendix 7.1 Abbreviations ABR : Antibiotics Resistance

ADB : Asian Development Bank

AEC : ASEAN Economic Community

AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

AMDD : ASEAN Medical Device Directive

ARV : Antiretroviral

ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASU : Antibiotics Smart Use

BIO : Biotechnology Industry Organization

BIOTEC : National Center for Genetic Engineering and BIOTEChnology

BMA : Bangkok Metropolitan Administration

BOI : Board Of Investment

BOT : Bank Of Thailand

CAGR : Compound Annual Growth Rate

CDM : Clean Development Mechanism

CFS : Certificate of Free Sale

CNS : Central Nervous System

COPD : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CPI : Consumer Price Index

CSMBS : Civil Servants Medical Benefit Scheme

CT : Computed Tomography

CTOP : Community Based Integrated Services of Healthcare and Social Welfare for Thai Older Persons

CVD : Cardiovascular Disease

DALY : Disability-Adjusted Life Year

DCDC : Department of Communicable Diseases Control

DIP : Department of Intellectual Property

DMS : Department of Medical Science

DPT : Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus

DRG : Diagnosis-Related Group

ERC : Ethical Review Committee for Research in Human Subjects

FDA : Food and Drug Administration

FDI : Foreign Direct Investment

FIP : International Pharmaceutical Federation

Forex : Foreign exchange




GDP : Gross Domestic Product

GMD : General Medical Device

GMP : Good Manufacturing Practice

GNI : Gross National Income

GPO : Government Pharmaceutical Organization

GPP : Good Pharmacy Practice

HCP : Health Card Program

HCS : Health Card Scheme

HITAP : Health Intervention Technology Assessment Program

IHPP : International Health Policy Program

IMF : International Monetary Fund

LIS : Low-Income Scheme

LMD : Licensed Medical Device

MNC : Multinational Company

MoC : Ministry of Commerce

MoD : Ministry of Defense

MoE : Ministry of Education

MoI : Ministry of Interior

MoPH : Ministry of Public Health

MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging

NAPHA : National Access to Antiretroviral Treatment Program

NBPF : National Biotechnology Policy Framework

NCD : Non-Communicable Diseases

NDP : National Drug Policy

NDSDC : National Drugs System Development Committee

NEP : National Expert Panels

NESDB : National Economic and Social Development Board

NHSO : National Health Security Office

NLED : National List of Essential Drugs

NMD : Notification Medical Device

NSCHIV : National Sub-Committee of HIV Vaccine

NSTDA : National Science and Technology Development Agency

OOP : Out-Of-Pocket

OTC : Over The Counter

PAD : People's Alliance for Democracy

PE : Pharmaceutical Equivalent

PhRMA : Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America




PMO : Prime Minister’s Office

PPP : People’s Power Party

PPP : People's Power Party

RA : Rheumatoid Arthritis

SMP : Safety Monitoring Period

SSS : Social Security Scheme

TRT : Thai Rak Thai

TTM : Thai Traditional Medicine

UCS : Universal Coverage Scheme

UDD : National United Front of Democracy against Dictatorship

UDD : United Front of Democracy against Dictatorship

UHI : University Health Insurance

UNDP : United Nations Development Program

WHO : World Health Organization

7.2 Bibliography Anantarangsi S (2011). Thailand and the Inflow of FDI under the ASEAN Economic Community

(AEC). SIU Journal of Management; 1(2): 101–118.

Apivantanaporn T (2012). Driving Force for Service Innovation through Creating Unique Value Proposition: Capitalizing on Cultural Identity in the Spa Industry of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Information Management and Business Review. (4). 242–251.

ASEAN Intellectual Property Association (ASEAN-IPA)(2012). Patents. ASEAN Intellectual Property Association. Available from http://www.aseanipa.org/index.php/members/thailand1/562-ip-protection-thailand?limitstart=0/#Overview. [Accessed on July 2, 2012].

Asian Development Bank (2011). Outlook Asian Development Bank 2011. Asian Development Bank. Available from: http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2011/ado2011.pdf.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2010). ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2010. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Available from: http://www.aseansec.org/publications/asean_statistical_2010.pdf.

Avert (2012). HIV & AIDS in Thailand. Avert. Available from: http://www.avert.org/thailand-aids-hiv.htm. [Accessed on September 12, 2012].

Bank of Thailand (2012). Population, Labor Force and Wages. Bank of Thailand. Available from: http://www.bot.or.th/English/Statistics/Indicators/Docs/tab17.pdf.

BioNet Asia Pacific (BNAP)(2012). Thailand Bioindustry Landscape. BioNet Asia Pacific. Available from: http://www.bionetasiapacific.com/userfiles/files/IndustryOverview/thailand.pdf.

BIOTEC (2005). Thailand National Biotechnology Policy Framework 2004-2009. BIOTEC. Available from: http://www.biotec.or.th/en/images/stories/Document/National-Biotechnology-Policy-Framework.pdf.

Biztrade Shows (2011). Trade Shows in Thailand. Biztrade Shows. Available from: http://www.biztradeshows.com/thailand/. [Accessed November 2, 2012].

Board of Investment (2010a). Thriving medical devices sector in Asia’s health care hub. Board of Investment. Available from: http://www.boi.go.th/tir/issue/201008_20_8/42.htm. [Accessed on July 14, 2012].

Board of Investment (2010b). Biotechnology. Board of Investment. Available from: http://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=opp_biotechnology. [Accessed on July 14, 2012].




Board of Investment (2011). Investment Opportunities Ripen in Thai Pharmaceuticals Industry. Board of Investment. Available from: http://www.boi.go.th/tir/issue/201108_21_8/document.pdf.

Brimble A (2008). Thailand Investment Year 2008-2009. Board of Investment. Available from: http://ns.boi.go.th/english/download/publication_investment/84/March_08.pdf.

Bureau of the Budget (2011). Thailand’s budget in brief fiscal year 2011. Bureau of the Budget. Available from: http://www.bb.go.th/bbhomeEng/budget_in_brief/budget_in_brief_2011.pdf.

Central Intelligence Agency (2012). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html. [Accessed on August 17, 2012].

Chawanon S (2010). Drug Control and Registration. Food and Drug Administration. Available from: http://pdpaccess.org/downloads/meetings/2010-geneva/presentations/14.%20Chawanon%20-%20Drug%20Registration%20Thailand.pdf.

Chokevivat V and Chuthaputti A (2005). The Role of Thai Traditional Medicine In Health Promotion. Department for the Development of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health. Available from: http://www.thaihealingalliance.com/membersonly/Research_and_Other_Items_of_Interest/The%20Role%20ofThai%20Traditional%20Medicine%20in%20Health%20Promotion,%20by%20Vichai%20Chokevivat%20and%20Anchalee%20Chuthaputti.pdf.

Chuesakoolvanich K (2007). Cost of hospitalizing asthma patients in a regional hospital in Thailand. Respirology; 12(3): 433–438.

Department of Intellectual Property (2007). Annual report 2007. Ministry of Commerce. Available from: http://www.ipthailand.go.th/ipthailand/images/Edittt/annual2007.pdf.

Department of Intellectual Property (DIP) (2012). Thailand’s Trademark Registration Procedures. Department of Intellectual Property. Available from: http://www.ipthailand.go.th/ipthailand/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=236&Itemid=197&lang=en. [Accessed on July 3, 2012].

Duangpaeng S, et.al (2002). Chronic Dyspnea Self-Management of Thai Adults with COPD. Thai Journal of Nursing Research; 6(4): 200–215.

Ellis G (2006).Report on the Status of Agricultural Biotechnology, R&D and Intellectual Property in Malaysia and Thailand 2006. Centre for Intellectual Property Policy. Available from: http://www.cipp.mcgill.ca/data/newsletters/00000839.pdf.

Essential Action (2008). Essential Action's Global Access to Medicines Bulletin; 3. Available from: http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=thailand++compulsory+licensing+of+drugs+in+2006%2C+2007+and+2008++has+worsened+the+situation++&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.essentialaction.org%2Faccess%2Fuploads%2FAccessBulletinNo3.rtf&ei=O1KSUIqpGs-5iAeCloCYCg&usg=AFQjCNF2g8dq_w5HQkgQBbEs2tP41Ydj1w. [Accessed on September 19, 2012].

Food and Drug Administration (1999). Current Status and Practice in Pharmaceutical Regulations and Technical Requirements in Thailand. New drug approval. Available from: http://www.fda.moph.go.th/fdanet/html/product/drug/fda_drug/status.pdf.

Giang L (2006). ASEAN Regional Approaches to Standardization and Conformity Assessment Procedures and their Impact on Trade. Regional Workshop on the Importance of Rules of Origin and Standards in Regional Integration, 26-27 June 2006, Hainan, China. Bureau of Economic Integration. Available from. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPINTECOTRA/Resources/579386-1152907302538/Le_Chau_Giang.pdf.

Global Extension of Social Security (2012). Health system in Thailand. Global Extension of Social Security. Available from http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/ShowWiki.do?wid=276. [Accessed on July 10, 2012].

Greater Pharma (2010). Industry Success Stories: Successful Thai Medical Biotechnology Companies. Available from: http://www.biotechthailand.com/IndProf/TH-BIO/2008/TH-BIO_0809_IP10.pdf.




Health Information System Development Office (2008). Health expenditure as a percentage of GDP. Health Information System Development Office. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/mdg/en/visualize/Series.php?v=2201. [Accessed on October 10, 2012].

Health Information System Development Office (2009). Human Resources for Health. Health info. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso/picture/reportHealth/ThaiHealth2009/eng2009_4.pdf.[Accessed on July 25, 2012].

Health Information System Development Office (2012). Diagnostic facilities. Health Information System Development Office. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso/visualize/en/Index.php. [Accessed on November 1, 2012].

Infectious Disease Association of Thailand (IDAT) (2012). Clinical trails. Infectious disease association of Thailand. http://www.idthai.org/Publication/pdf/Vol15-2/Ch9-V15-2-P83-84.pdf.[Accessed on July 3, 2012].

Information and Communication Technology Center (2012). Major Suppliers. Ministry of Commerce. Available from: http://www.ops3.moc.go.th/infor/menucomen/stru1_export/export_market/report.asp. [Accessed on November 7, 2012].

Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR) (2009). Thai Health 2009. Health. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso5/report/report2009E.php?p=2. [Accessed on November 2, 2012].

Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR) (2011). Thai Health 2011, HIA : Mechanism for Healthy Public Policy.. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso/picture/reportHealth/report/thaihealth2011eng.pdf.

Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR) (2012). Thai Health 2012, Food Security : The Illusion of Money VS The Realiry of Food.. Available from: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso5/report/report2012E.php?p=2. [Accessed on November 8, 2012].

International Labor Organization (2006). Thailand: universal health care Coverage through pluralistic approaches. International Labor Organization. Available from: http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=Two-thirds+of+all+hospitals+and+beds+in+the+public+sector+are+owned+by+the+MoPH+across+the+country&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.social-protection.org%2Fgimi%2Fgess%2FRessFileDownload.do%3Bjsessionid%3D4dbc1d01d9db78ed4fdfb95e16401e0c5d3c505d35fd30a866a4bd5ab867cbbb.e3aTbhuLbNmSe3eQay0%3FressourceId%3D6612&ei=TAWRUNHrMoHkrAe4nICoCA&usg=AFQjCNGsDxxNK_oG19nBZdBrVBsqfbeyuw. [Accessed on October 31, 2012].

International Labor Organization (2008). Work, Income and Gender Equality in East Asia. International Labor Organization. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_101719.pdf.

International Monetary Fund (2012). World Economic Outlook Database, October 2012. International Monetary Fund Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2000&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=36&pr1.y=13&c=578&s=NGDP_R%2CNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDP%2CNGDPD%2CNGDP_D%2CNGDPRPC%2CNGDPPC%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPSH%2CPPPEX%2CNID_NGDP%2CNGSD_NGDP%2CPCPI%2CPCPIPCH%2CPCPIE%2CPCPIEPCH%2CTM_RPCH%2CTMG_RPCH%2CTX_RPCH%2CTXG_RPCH%2CTXGO%2CTMGO%2CLUR%2CLP%2CGGR%2CGGR_NGDP%2CGGX%2CGGX_NGDP%2CGGXCNL%2CGGXCNL_NGDP%2CGGSB%2CGGSB_NPGDP%2CGGXONLB%2CGGXONLB_NGDP%2CGGXWDG%2CGGXWDG_NGDP%2CNGDP_FY%2CBCA%2CBCA_NGDPD&grp=0&a=#download. [Accessed on November 6, 2012].

International Organization for Migration (2009). Financing Healthcare for Migrants: A case study from Thailand. International Organization for Migration, World Health Organization. Available from: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/Financing_Healthcare_for_Migrants_Thailand.pdf.




Jirawattanapisal T, et.al. (2009). Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Asia-Pacific with Rapidly Changing Health-Care Systems: Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan. International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research; 12(suppl 1): 4–11.

Kelly E (2007). Thailand’s Pharmaceutical Industry: An Update. Thai-American Business; 4: 39–41.

Kenan Institute Asia (2009). Economic contributions of Thailand’s creative industries. Available from: http://www.kiasia.org/userfiles/Kenan_FPRI_Creative%20Industry%20Constribution%20Final%20Report%20TH.pdf.

Kerr P (2000). Thailand Policies Related to the Kyoto Protocol CDM sink and source projects. Thammasat Review.59–103.

Khonputsa P, et.al. (2012). Generalized Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pharmaceutical Interventions for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Thailand. Value in Health Regional Issues 1; 15–22.

Kiatying-Angsulee N and Sumpradit N (2011). Moving towards a national policy for management of antibiotic resistance. ReAct - Action on Antibiotic Resistance. Available from: http://www.reactgroup.org/uploads/publications/presentations/Thai-process-2011.pdf.

Knodel JE et al. (2011). Impact of Population Change on Well-being of Elderly in Thailand. Gavin Jones and Wassana Im em ed. Impact of Demographic change in Thailand. UNFPA Thailand.

Lemnoi K (2008). Cost of Ocular Medications at Priest Hospital. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand; 91 (suppl 1): S151–155.

Library of Congress (2007). Country Profile: Thailand. Library of Congress. Available from: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Thailand.pdf.

Maetzel A, et al. (2007). The economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis in a developing nation: results from a one-year prospective cohort study in Thailand. The Journal of Rheumatology; 4(1): 57–63.

Mekthon S (2012), via Bangkok Post. “Thais warned to reduce salt intake”, Bangkok Post, October 16, 2012. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/health/317292/thais-consume-too-salty-foods. [Accessed on November 1, 2012].

Ministry of Education (MoE) (2008). The Thai Education System. Ministry of Education. Available from: http://www.bic.moe.go.th/fileadmin/BIC_Document/book/intro-ed08.pdf.

Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) (2010). Thailand Health Profile Report 2008–2010. Ministry of Public Health. Available from: http://www.moph.go.th/ops/thp/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=176&Itemid=2&lang=en. [Accessed on October 30, 2012].

Monitoring and Management System (2012). Number of medical equipment. Available from: http://moc.moph.go.th/resource/index.php?tab=tab4. [Accessed on November 6, 2012]

Mugem S (2006). The International Health Policy Program Thailand. Available from http://ihppthaigov.net/publication/attachannual/3/chapter1.pdf. [Accessed on July 19, 2012].

Naj A (2011), via: Bangkok Post. “Generic drugs to flood Thailand in 2013”, Bangkok Post, September 6, 2011. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/255170/generic-drugs-to-flood-thailand-in-2013. [Accessed on October 3, 2012].

NaRanong A and NaRanong V (2011). The effects of medical tourism: Thailand’s experience. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/5/09-072249/en/index.html. [Accessed on November 9, 2012].

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (2011). Annual Report 2011. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. Available from: http://www.biotec.or.th/EN/images/stories/Document/AR-BIOTEC2012EN-forweb.pdf.

National Economic and Social Development Board (2010). National Income of Thailand. National economic and social development board. Available from: http://www.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/account/ni/NI-CVM-1990-2010/E-03Executive%20Summary.pdf.




National Economic and Social Development Board (2012b). Gross Domestic Product: Q1/2012. National Economic and Social Development Board. Available from: http://eng.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/account/qgdp/data1_12/detail_Eng.pdf.

National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) (2011). Employment. National Economic and Social Development Board. Available from: http://eng.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/economic/eco_state/4_53/Press%20Eng%20Q4-2010.pdf.

National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) (2012a). Summary of the Eleventh National Economic and Social Development Plan (2012-2016). Available from: http://www.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/news/academic/Executive%20Summary%20of%2011th%20Plan.pdf.

National Health Assembly (2012). National Health Assembly 18th – 20th December 2012 BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand. National Health Commission Office of Thailand. Available from: http://en.nationalhealth.or.th/nha2012. [Accessed on October 2, 2012].

National Statistical Office (2007). Population and Housing. National Statistical Office. Available from: http://web.nso.go.th/indicator/soc/soc_poph08.pdf.

National Statistical Office (2008). Key Statistics of Thailand 2008. National Statistical Office. Available from: http://web.nso.go.th/survey/keystat/keystat08.pdf.

National Statistical Office (2011). Thai Economic performance in Q4 2010 and outlook for 2011. Macroeconomic Strategy and Planning Office. Available from: http://eng.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/economic/eco_state/4_53/Press%20Eng%20Q4-2010.pdf.

Nikomborirak D (2010). The development of drug patents in Thailand and the effects of free trade agreements on drug patent issues. Thailand Development Research Institute; 25(3): 1–24.

Noppadol (2012). Available Via: Bangkok Post. Thais more corrupt than Malaysians. Bangkok Post, October 10, 2012. Available from: http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/316357/most-thais-indifferent-to-corruption-poll. [Accessed on: October 11, 2012].

Northwestern University (2009). Clinical Trial, New Finding. Northwestern University. Available from: http://f1000.com/prime/1165524. [Accessed on January 28, 2012].

OANDA (2012). Historical Exchange Rates. OANDA. Available from: http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/. [Accessed on November 7, 2012].

Ongdee S (2012). Available Via. The Nation May. Wind of Change sweeps healthcare industry. The Nation May, May 4, 2012. Available from: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Wind-of-Change-sweeps-healthcare-industry-30181281.html. [Accessed on October 28, 2012].

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2012). Medical Tourism: Treatments, Markets and Health System Implications: A scoping review. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/els/healthpoliciesanddata/48723982.pdf.

Pairoj-Boriboon S (2010). Current Status of CDM in Thailand. Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization. Available from: http://www.setatwork.eu/events/thailand/1002Day1Pres1-3/1.3%20-%20Opening%20-%20Mr.%20Sirithan%20-%20CDM-CEERD%2018-2-10.pdf.

Panpiemras J and Puttitanun T (2006). Facilitating the Entry of New Generic Drugs: A Proposal for Thailand. Thailand Development Research Institute Quarterly Review; 21(3): 11–21.

Panyawai (2012). Available Via: The Nation. Migrants should get medical benefits. The Nation. Available from: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Migrants-should-get-medical-benefits-30192388.html. [Accessed on October 18, 2012].

Phadungkit M, et.al. (2008). Outcome of drug counseling of outpatients in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinic at Thawangpha Hospital. Mahidol University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 35(1-4): 8–12.


GDHC0035CHR / Published FEB 2013 8


Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (2012). Available Via: Consumer Project on Technology. Available from: http://www.cptech.org/ip/health/phrma/301-00/thailand.html. [Accessed on September 10, 2012].

Prasirtsuk K (2011). Socio-Political Culture and the Thai Political Crisis. Political Studies Association. Available from: http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2011/1277_688.pdf.

Punpuing S (2012). Internal Migration: Andy Hall, ed. Thai health 2012. Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University.

Riewpaiboon A, et.al. (2011). Cost analysis for efficient management: diabetes treatment at a public district hospital in Thailand. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice; 19(5): 342–349.

Saramunee K, et al. (2011). Public health roles for community pharmacy: Contrasts and similarities between England and Thailand. Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 7(2): 1–11.

Sarnsamak P and Saengpassa C (2012). Available Via: Cost will limit positions for nurses. Available from: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Cost-will-limit-positions-for-nurses-30192393.htmlhttp://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Cost-will-limit-positions-for-nurses-30192393.html. [Accessed on October 17, 2012].

Shain M (1994). Thailand's Board of Investment: Towards A More Appropriate and Effective Rural Investment Promotion Policy. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal; 3(1): 141–182.

Sheth P (2006). South East Asian FIP-WHO Forum of Pharmaceutical Association Forum. Available from: http://www.searpharm.org/resources/Project_and_activities_Pharmacy_FIP_THA.pdf.[Accessed on July 4, 2012].

Sooksriwong F, et al. (2009). Medicine prices in Thailand: A result of no medicine pricing policy. Southern Med Review; 2(2): 10–14.

South-East Asia Regional Office (SERO) (2007). Improving Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in the South-East Asia Region. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Improving_maternal_newborn_and_child_health_thailand.pdf.

Supakankunti (2003). Roles of private insurance in health care access in Thailand. The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania. Available from: http://hc.wharton.upenn.edu/impactconference/Supakankunti%20031605%20aft.pdf.

Tangsupvattana A (2012). Political De-development, Corruption and Governance in Thailand. Available from: http://www2.gsid.nagoya-u.ac.jp/blog/anda/files/2011/08/24-ake_tangsupvattanae38080.pdf.

Thai Medical Device Technology Industry Association (ThaiMed) (2010). Via Board of Investment. Thriving medical devices sector in Asia’s health care hub. Board of Investment. (August 3, 2010). Available from: http://www.boi.go.th/tir/issue/201008_20_8/42.htm. [Accessed on July 14, 2012].

Thai World Affair Center (TWAC)(2009). Thailand and the Hamburger Crisis II. Thai World Affair Center. Available from: http://www.thaiworld.org/upload/question/file_834.pdf.

Thailand Law Forum (2012). Thailand Journal of Law and policy. Thailand Law Forum. Available from: http://www.thailawforum.com/articles/IPR-and-Pharmas-Kuanpoth-4.html. [Accessed on October 10, 2012].

Thailand Medical Tourism Cluster (2010). What is Medical Tourism? Available from: http://www.thailandmedicaltourismcluster.org/AboutMedicalTourism/MedicalTourisminThailand/WhatisMedicalTourism.aspx. [Accessed on November 5, 2012].

Thailand Today (2011). A vibrant and growing economy. Thailand Today. Available from: http://www.thailandtoday.org/economy/overview. [Accessed on August 2, 2012].

Thailand’s Gender Information Center (2012). Chief Gender Equality Officer and establish Gender Focal Point. Thailand’s Gender Information Center. Available from: http://www.gender.go.th/eng/template.php?nlink=chief/chief_gender.htm#. [Accessed on October 21, 2012].




The World Bank (2012a). Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of total expenditure on health). Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.OOPC.TO.ZS. [Accessed Aug 6, 2012].

The World Bank (2012b). Foreign exchange reserves. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FI.RES.TOTL.CD. [Accessed on October 11, 2012].

The World Bank (2012c). Imports. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.IMP.GNFS.CD. [Accessed November 8, 2012].

The World Bank (2012d). Export. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD. [Accessed November 8, 2012].

The World Bank (2012e). Births rate. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN. [Accessed on October 11, 2012].

The World Bank (2012f). Maternal mortality rate. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT.NE. [Accessed on November 4, 2012].

The World Bank (2012g). Under Five Year Mortality Rate. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT. [Accessed on October 4, 2012].

The World Bank (2012h). Immunization rate DPT. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.IMM.IDPT. [Accessed on October 14, 2012].

The World Bank (2012i). Life expectancy females. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN. [Accessed on October 14, 2012].

The World Bank (2012j). PM10. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.PM10.MC.M3?display=default. [Accessed on October 24, 2012].

The World Bank (2012k). Carbon Dioxide Emission. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT/countries [Accessed October 15, 2012].

The World Bank (2012l). Health expenditure, total (% of GDP). The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS. [Accessed October 12, 2012].

The World Bank (2012m). Health expenditure, public (% of total health expenditure). The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PUBL. [Accessed Aug 23, 2012].

The World Bank (2012n). Urban rural population. The World Bank. Available from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FI.RES.TOTL.CD. [Accessed on October 11, 2012].

Tourism Authority of Thailand (2009), via: ThaiNewsLand. “2 million medical tourists expected in Thailand”, November 11, 2009. Available from: http://www.thainewsland.com/a424602-2-million-medical-tourists-expected-in-thailand. [Accessed on October 29, 2012].

Tourism Authority of Thailand (2010), via: Newswire Today. “Tourism Authority of Thailand to Launch Medical Tourism Website”, Newswire Today, October 25, 2010. Available from: http://www.newswiretoday.com/news/78922/. [Accessed on October 29, 2012].

Transparency International (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index. Transparency International. Available from: http://www.transparency.org/country#THA. [Accessed on January 28, 2012].

United Nations Development Program (UNDP) (2012), via The Nation. “UNDP-led HIV/AIDS education programme for Thai police”, September 17, 2012. Available from: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/UNDP-led-HIVAIDS-education-programme-for-Thai-poli-30190536.html. [Accessed on September 19, 2012].

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (2012). Selling to Thailand. The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Available from: http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/chap3_1969.pdf. [Accessed on July 17, 2012].

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (2010). Basic Indicators. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Thailand_statistics.html#86. [Accessed on November 12, 2012].




United Nations Population Fund (UNPF)(2006). Population ageing in Thailand: Prognosis and policy response. United Nations Population Fund. Available from: http://thailand.unfpa.org/documents/thai_ageing_englishversion.pdf.

United Nations Population Fund (UNPF)(2011). Impact of demographic change in Thailand. United Nations Population Fund. Available from: http://ihppthaigov.net/publication/attachbook/116/chapter2.pdf

US Census Bereau (2012). Gender Ratio. US Census Bureau. Available from: http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php. [Accessed on January 29, 2012].

Uttaradit Rajabhat University (URU) (2009). An Overview of Politics and Government in Thailand. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Uttaradit Rajabhat University. Available from http://human.uru.ac.th/ThaiStudies/AjYoungyut.pdf. [Accessed on July 18, 2012].

Vapattanawong P, et al. (2007). Lancet; 369(9564): 850–855.

Witit A (2012), via Thailand Medical News. “Generic Viagra In Thailand”, Thailand Medical News, September, 25, 2012. Available from: http://www.thaimedicalnews.com/health-care-medical/generic-viagra-in-thailand/. [Accessed on October 1, 2012].

World Health Organization (2007a). Medicine Pricing, Availability and Affordability in Thailand. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/surveys/200610TH/sdocs/survey_report.pdf.

World Health Organization (2007b). The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/choice/publications/p_2007_Chronic_disease_burden_Lancet.pdf.

World Health Organization (2009a). Managing drug supply. World Health Organization. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/whozip10e/whozip10e.pdf.

World Health Organization (2009b). Disability Adjusted Life Years. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/. [Accessed November 1, 2012].

World Health Organization (2010a). Antibiotics Smart Use Program: Thailand’s experiences in promoting rational use of antibiotics. Ministry of Public Health. Available from: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/implementation/amr/presentation_NithimaSumpradit.pdf.

World Health Organization (2010b). Medical Devices: Managing the Mismatch an outcome of the Priority Medical Devices project. World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564045_eng.pdf.

World Health Organization (2010c). via Ministry of Public Health. Thailand health profile (April 2010). Available from: http://www.moph.go.th/ops/thp/images/stories/Report_pics/CD_ROM53/Eng/Chapter5.2.pdf.

World Health Organization (2011b). Environmental Attributed Deaths. World Health Organization. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ghodata/?vid=10011. [Accessed November, 2011].

World Health Organization (2011c). Non-communicable Diseases in the South-East Asia Region. World Health Organization. Available from: http://203.90.70.117/PDS_DOCS/B4793.pdf.

World Health Organization (2011d). WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Thailand 2012–2016. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_tha_en.pdf.

World Health Organization (2012a). Border Health and Migrant Program Non-Thai migrant populations. World Health Organization. Available from: http://www.whothailand.org/en/Section3/Section39_324.htm. [Accessed on October 31, 2012].

World Health Organization (2012b). Global Health Observatory Data Repository [World Health Organization]. Health infrastructure: Total density per 100 000 population. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/#. [Accessed on October 12, 2012].




World Health Organization (WHO) (2011e). via United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Local Production of Pharmaceuticals and Related Technology Transfer in Developing Countries, 2011. Available from: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaepcb2011d7_en.pdf.

World Health Organization (WHO)(2011a). Causes of Mortality. World Health Organization. Available from: http://apps.who.int/ghodata/?vid=10011. [Accessed November 2, 2012].

World Health Professions Alliance (2011). Background Document on Counterfeit Medicines in Asia. World Health Professions Alliance. Available from: http://www.whpa.org/Background_document_Counterfeit_Medicines_in_Asia.pdf.

Yoongthong W, et al. (2012). National drug policies to local formulary decisions in Thailand, China, and Australia: Drug listing changes and opportunities. Value in Health; 5: 126–131.

7.3 Methodology GlobalData’s dedicated research and analysis teams consist of experienced professionals with advanced statistical expertise and marketing, market research and consulting backgrounds in the pharmaceutical industry.

GlobalData adheres to the codes of practice of the Market Research Society (www.mrs.org.uk) and the Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals (www.scip.org).

All GlobalData databases are continuously updated and revised. The following research methodology is followed for all databases and reports.

7.3.1 Coverage The objective of updating GlobalData’s coverage is to ensure that it represents the most up to date vision of the industry possible.

Changes to the industry taxonomy are built on the basis of extensive research of company, association and competitor sources.

Company coverage is based on three key factors: revenues, products and media attention/innovation/market potential.

The estimated revenues of all major companies, including private and governmental, are gathered and used to prioritize coverage.

Companies which are making the news or which are of particular interest due to their innovative approach are prioritized.

GlobalData aims to cover all major news events and deals in the pharmaceutical industry, updated on a daily basis.

The coverage is further streamlined and strengthened with additional inputs from GlobalData’s expert panel (see below).

7.3.2 Secondary Research The research process begins with exhaustive secondary research on internal and external sources being carried out to source qualitative and quantitative information relating to each market.

The secondary research sources that are typically referred to include, but are not limited to:

Company websites, annual reports, financial reports, broker reports, investor presentations and US Securities and Exchanges Commission (SEC) filings

Industry trade journals, scientific journals and other technical literature

Internal and external proprietary databases

Relevant patent and regulatory databases

National government documents, statistical databases and market reports

Procedure registries




News articles, press releases and web-casts specific to the companies operating in the market.

The country reports are largely based on secondary research and make use of reliable and authoritative sources such as the IMF, the World Bank, OECD, WHO, UNICEF, UNStats, MHLW, NHS, and BEA, among others.

7.3.3 Forecasting For the country reports, GlobalData uses the data available from reliable and authoritative secondary sources to forecast the future trends for the healthcare market for the country, as well as the parameters related to the economy and healthcare infrastructure and expenditure of the country. The trends are further validated through the secondary sources.

7.3.4 Primary Research GlobalData conducts hundreds of primary interviews a year with industry participants and commentators in order to validate its data and analysis. A typical research interview fulfills the following functions:

It provides first-hand information on the market size, market trends, growth trends, competitive landscape and future outlook of a market.

It helps in validating and strengthening secondary research findings.

It develops the analysis team’s expertise and market understanding.

Primary research involves email correspondence and telephone interviews as well as face-to-face interviews for each market, category, segment and sub-segment across the geographies covered.

The participants who typically take part in such a process include, but are not limited to:

Industry participants: Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Vice Presidents (VPs), marketing/product managers, market intelligence managers and national sales managers.

Hospital stores, pharmacies, distributors and paramedics.

Outside experts: investment bankers, valuation experts, research analysts specializing in specific pharmaceutical markets.

Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs): Physicians and surgeons specializing in different therapeutic areas corresponding to different kinds of pharmaceuticals.

7.3.5 Expert Panel Validation GlobalData uses a panel of experts to cross verify its databases and forecasts.

GlobalData’s expert panel comprises marketing managers, product specialists, international sales managers from pharmaceutical companies; academics from research universities, KOLs from hospitals, consultants from venture capital funds, and distributors/suppliers of pharmaceuticals and supplies.

Historic data and forecasts are relayed to GlobalData’s expert panel for feedback and adjusted in accordance with their feedback.




7.5 Disclaimer All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, GlobalData.

gdhc0035chr healthcare, regulatory and reimbursement ... · reference code: gdhc0035chr publication...

Documents