GCSE Physical GCSE Physical EducationEducation

Regular Exercise & The Regular Exercise & The Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

By the end of this lesson pupils should:

Explain the effects of regular and long-term participation in exercise and physical activity

Be able to define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume

Benefits of Regular Benefits of Regular ExerciseExercise

Benefits of Regular Benefits of Regular ExerciseExercise Regular or long-term participation in physical activity has many benefits, the most important of which is that the heart becomes more efficient. Others include:

- Decreased resting heart rate- Faster heart recovery rate- Increased stroke volume- Increased cardiac output- Decreased blood pressure- Healthy veins and arteries

Decreased Resting Heart Decreased Resting Heart RateRate

Decreased Resting Heart Decreased Resting Heart RateRate

The resting heart rate gives an indication of fitness

This is due to the heart getting bigger and stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats

Therefore the heart of a fitter person beats less times, which is more efficient and results in less stress for the heart

Faster Heart Recovery RateFaster Heart Recovery Rate

Faster Heart Recovery RateFaster Heart Recovery Rate Heart rate recovery is the speed at which the heart returns to normal after exercise

The faster the recovery rate, the fitter the person

A fast heart recovery rate is another long-term benefit of exercise

Increased Stroke VolumeIncreased Stroke Volume

Increased Stroke VolumeIncreased Stroke Volume Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart each beat

When a person exercises regularly, stroke volume increases, both at rest and at work

This is because the heart becomes more efficient and stronger as a result of regular training

Increased Cardiac OutputIncreased Cardiac Output

Increased Cardiac OutputIncreased Cardiac Output

Cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

It is governed by the heart rate (pulse) and the stroke volume. Which both change when a person participates in exercise over a long period of time

Cardiac Stroke HeartOutput = Volume X

Rate (CO) (SV) (HR)

Reduced Blood PressureReduced Blood Pressure

Reduced Blood PressureReduced Blood Pressure Regular exercise reduces blood pressure. Exercise can help with weight loss which can reduce blood pressure

Factors which can affect blood pressure in individuals includes age, sex, muscular development, stress and tiredness

Altitude can also affect blood pressure, as the body reacts to the low oxygen pressure which can occur at high altitudes

Healthy Veins & ArteriesHealthy Veins & Arteries

Healthy Veins & ArteriesHealthy Veins & Arteries Fitness increases the number of capillaries within the heart muscle

Helps to make blood vessels more flexible and efficient, and to stay clear

If a heart attack occurs, a blockage in a fit person’s blood vessel is likely to result in less damage than it might in an unfit person

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Revisited)(Revisited)

By the end of this lesson pupils should:

Explain the effects of regular and long-term participation in exercise and physical activity

Be able to define the terms cardiac output and stroke volume

Thank youThank you

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