GCSE GeographyGCSE Geography

Hi Tech IndustriesHi Tech Industries

What is a footloose industry?What is a footloose industry? Footloose industries are those that do not have to Footloose industries are those that do not have to

locate close to raw materials (unlike the early iron and locate close to raw materials (unlike the early iron and steel industry that had to locate close to iron ore and steel industry that had to locate close to iron ore and coal etc).coal etc).

Footloose industries locate in pleasant environments Footloose industries locate in pleasant environments near transport routes and near the markets. near transport routes and near the markets.

An example of a footloose industry would be a hi-tech An example of a footloose industry would be a hi-tech industry such as computing.industry such as computing.

Footloose industries have to locate close to research Footloose industries have to locate close to research centres like universities. Development in the hi-tech centres like universities. Development in the hi-tech industry happen so fast that companies need to stay up industry happen so fast that companies need to stay up to date to survive e.g. Science Parks around to date to survive e.g. Science Parks around Cambridge. Cambridge.

Footloose industries are usually non-polluting and can Footloose industries are usually non-polluting and can locate close to residential areas. locate close to residential areas.

What are hi tech What are hi tech industries?industries?

Produce sophisticated productsProduce sophisticated products Emphasis on research and developmentEmphasis on research and development Raw materials are often electrical Raw materials are often electrical

componentscomponents Examples are computers, biotechnology, Examples are computers, biotechnology,

telecommunications, aerospace and telecommunications, aerospace and military equipmentmilitary equipment

Location map/sample questionLocation map/sample question

Science Parks?Science Parks?

Located on edge of citiesLocated on edge of cities Typically on greenfield sitesTypically on greenfield sites Connected with high technology and Connected with high technology and

electronicselectronics Have direct links with Universities for Have direct links with Universities for

researchresearch Attractive layouts (grass, ornamental Attractive layouts (grass, ornamental

ponds and gardens)ponds and gardens)

Cambridge Science ParkCambridge Science Park

Location of Cambridge Location of Cambridge Science ParkScience Park

The History of the parkThe History of the park

Report published in 1969, recommended an expansion Report published in 1969, recommended an expansion of 'science-based industry' close to Cambridge to take of 'science-based industry' close to Cambridge to take maximum advantage of the concentration of scientific maximum advantage of the concentration of scientific expertise, equipment and libraries and to increase expertise, equipment and libraries and to increase feedback from industry into the Cambridge scientific feedback from industry into the Cambridge scientific community. community.

Trinity College had a piece of land available, a long Trinity College had a piece of land available, a long scientific tradition and it decided to apply for planning scientific tradition and it decided to apply for planning permission to develop it as a science park, an idea permission to develop it as a science park, an idea born during the 60s in the USA where the first science born during the 60s in the USA where the first science park was established by Stanford University. park was established by Stanford University.

Site MapSite Map

1970-19801970-1980 Planning permission granted in October 1971 Planning permission granted in October 1971 The first company moved onto the site in Autumn 1973 The first company moved onto the site in Autumn 1973

following clearance and landscaping of the derelict area, following clearance and landscaping of the derelict area, conversion of the old gravel pit dug for wartime concrete conversion of the old gravel pit dug for wartime concrete standings into a lake, and construction of the first stretch of standings into a lake, and construction of the first stretch of road. road.

Growth of the Cambridge Science Park was slow in the first Growth of the Cambridge Science Park was slow in the first five years. The science park concept was an unfamiliar one five years. The science park concept was an unfamiliar one and companies were mainly attracted to it by a desire to be and companies were mainly attracted to it by a desire to be close to the University's scientific research. Early on, UK close to the University's scientific research. Early on, UK subsidiaries of multinational companies started to locate there subsidiaries of multinational companies started to locate there (LKB Biochrom from Sweden and US laser specialists (LKB Biochrom from Sweden and US laser specialists Coherent were the first two of these) and the number of Coherent were the first two of these) and the number of companies slowly grew to 25 by the end of the 70s. companies slowly grew to 25 by the end of the 70s.

  

1980-19901980-1990 Mini-cluster of technologies and people developed and began to draw Mini-cluster of technologies and people developed and began to draw

in more companies. The Trinity Centre was opened in 1984 to provide in more companies. The Trinity Centre was opened in 1984 to provide a meeting place, meal facilities and conference roomsa meeting place, meal facilities and conference rooms

More starter units and the Cambridge Innovation Centre were built to More starter units and the Cambridge Innovation Centre were built to expand the range of accommodation available and a squash court expand the range of accommodation available and a squash court was opened in 1986. was opened in 1986.

Several venture capital companies opened offices on the park, Several venture capital companies opened offices on the park, including 3i, the UK's leading venture capital company.including 3i, the UK's leading venture capital company.

University academics began to bring companies to the park, University academics began to bring companies to the park, encouraged by its success and because of the breaking of the encouraged by its success and because of the breaking of the monopoly of intellectual property originating in UK universities. monopoly of intellectual property originating in UK universities.

  

1990-20001990-2000 The cluster of hi-tech companies in the Cambridge area has The cluster of hi-tech companies in the Cambridge area has

grown to some 1200 companies employing around 35,000 people grown to some 1200 companies employing around 35,000 people and demand for space has increased.and demand for space has increased.

The life sciences sector has grown strongly and is rapidly The life sciences sector has grown strongly and is rapidly becoming the dominant technology sector. These, plus fast-becoming the dominant technology sector. These, plus fast-growing internet and telecomms-related companies and the growing internet and telecomms-related companies and the growth and success of a number of companies which have been growth and success of a number of companies which have been at the park for some years, have altered the pattern of space at the park for some years, have altered the pattern of space occupation in recent years. occupation in recent years.

There are now fewer but larger, better funded and more There are now fewer but larger, better funded and more successful companies at the park. successful companies at the park.

A new biotech venture capital fund, Merlin Ventures, has recently A new biotech venture capital fund, Merlin Ventures, has recently opened an office there. opened an office there.

2121stst Century Century

The Park now boasts a state of the art conference centre and The Park now boasts a state of the art conference centre and restaurants, the Q.ton forum, Revolution fitness centre and a 115 restaurants, the Q.ton forum, Revolution fitness centre and a 115 child-place nursery. child-place nursery.

A further 22.5 acres of land is currently under development A further 22.5 acres of land is currently under development adjacent to the Park. It involves a joint venture between Trinity adjacent to the Park. It involves a joint venture between Trinity Hall (the landowner) and Trinity College. One unit has been pre-Hall (the landowner) and Trinity College. One unit has been pre-let to Cambridge Silicon Radio. let to Cambridge Silicon Radio.

Testing, TestingTesting, Testing

Make a copy of these words Make a copy of these words Tertiary Tertiary Overheads Overheads Brownfield Brownfield Enterprise Enterprise Footloose Footloose Labour Labour Exports Exports Greenfield Greenfield Heavy Heavy Science ParkScience Park

Questions 1-5Questions 1-5

1. The type of industry which uses bulky raw 1. The type of industry which uses bulky raw materials, such as steel. materials, such as steel.

2. An industry which isn't tied to a particular 2. An industry which isn't tied to a particular location. location.

3. The employment sector that includes 3. The employment sector that includes tourism, banking and retail. tourism, banking and retail.

4. An area, which is often linked to a university, 4. An area, which is often linked to a university, where high tech research and manufacturing is where high tech research and manufacturing is carried out. carried out.

5. A site which hasn't been built on before. 5. A site which hasn't been built on before.

Questions 6-9Questions 6-9 6. The name for costs such as rent, 6. The name for costs such as rent,

heating and staff salaries in a firm. heating and staff salaries in a firm. 7. _______ Zone - somewhere that the 7. _______ Zone - somewhere that the

government has set aside for the government has set aside for the development of new industry. development of new industry.

8. Goods going out of the country. 8. Goods going out of the country. 9. An urban area which has been built on 9. An urban area which has been built on

before, but is suitable for redevelopment. before, but is suitable for redevelopment.

AnswersAnswers

1. heavy1. heavy 2. footloose2. footloose 3. tertiary3. tertiary 4. science park4. science park 5. greenfield5. greenfield

6. overheads6. overheads 7. enterprise7. enterprise 8. exports8. exports 9. brownfield9. brownfield

Useful further Useful further informationinformation

http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/secondary.html

http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/secondary.html#camb