gcse compuitng hardware key terms
TRANSCRIPT
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
CPU
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2.1.2 Hardware
Central Processing Unit.
It is used to control all of
the actions of the
computer. It is like the
brain of the computer.
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2.1.2 Hardware
FDE
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2.1.2 Hardware
Fetch Decode Execute
The CPU will FETCH instructions from memory,
DECODE them and EXECUTE them. This is done millions of times a
second.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Clock Speed
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2.1.2 Hardware
How fast the CPU
performs the FDE
cycle. This is
measured in MHz
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2.1.2 Hardware
Cores
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2.1.2 Hardware
How many cores the
CPU has. The more
cores, the more
instructions can be
executed.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Cache Size
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2.1.2 Hardware
The size of the cache
on the CPU. The
higher it is the faster
the CPU.
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2.1.2 Hardware
NOT Gate
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2.1.2 Hardware
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2.1.2 Hardware
AND Gate
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2.1.2 Hardware
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2.1.2 Hardware
OR Gate
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2.1.2 Hardware
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2.1.2 Hardware
Truth Tables
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2.1.2 Hardware
The different inputs and
outputs for the logic gates.
NOT
IN OUT
1 0
1 1
AND
IN 1 IN 2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR
IN 1 IN 2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
RAM
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2.1.2 Hardware
Random Access Memory
Volatile memory. Stores
the data in use, software
in use and parts of the
O/S in use.
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2.1.2 Hardware
ROM
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2.1.2 Hardware
Read only memory.
Non-volatile. Stores
the boot-up program of
the computer.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Virtual
Memory
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2.1.2 Hardware
A portion of the
memory borrowed from
the hard drive when
the RAM is full.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Cache
Memory
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2.1.2 Hardware
Volatile memory
located on the CPU.
Very small but fast to
access.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Input Device
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2.1.2 Hardware
A device that allows a
user to send information
to a computer.
Keyboard, microphone,
mouse
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2.1.2 Hardware
Output
Device
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2.1.2 Hardware
A device that will present the use with the result of
a process from the computer.
Speakers, monitor, printer
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2.1.2 Hardware
Primary
Memory
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2.1.2 Hardware
The device will
communicate directly
with CPU.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Secondary
Storage
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2.1.2 Hardware
Files are stored
permanently. The
device does not
communicate directly
with CPU.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Optical
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2.1.2 Hardware
• Data burned into film by
lasers
• Small capacity
• Very cheap to produce
• Examples – CD, DVD
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2.1.2 Hardware
Magnetic
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2.1.2 Hardware
• Data stored by magnets on a magnetic disk
• Very high capacity
• Bad portability but very durable.
• Examples – hard drive, backup tapes
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2.1.2 Hardware
Solid State
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2.1.2 Hardware
• Data stored electronically.
• No moving parts
• Slower than magnetic, faster than optical
• Good portability and good durability
• Examples – external hard drive, USB disk