gbs amended settlement: a status update
DESCRIPTION
An update on the Google Book Search amended settlement proposal, with discussion of some copyright issues and legislative impacts.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Google Book Settlementv2 : A status update
Peter BrantleyOpen Book Alliance January 2010
![Page 2: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Digitization of books
![Page 3: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Index
1. Starting with the basics
2. Essentials of AAP/AG v. Google
3. Relation to existing copyright (©) code
4. Legislative correspondence
5. Possible ramifications
![Page 4: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“Scanning” basics
Flickr, ioerr, “A reception for the Open Library project”
![Page 5: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History of project
GBS began in 2004 Arrangements with R1 G5+1 and growing
UMich, Harvard, Stanford, NYPL, Oxford; UC
Google obtains unique, impossible to duplicate corpus of books
“Snippets” for possibly in-© Full display for public domain (PD)
![Page 6: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
R1 books
Most books scanned from R1 universities Sample of “G3” by OCLC: 83 percent are possibly in-© (post-1923) 93 percent are Non-Fiction (NF) For NF books, 78 percent scholarly audience
Beyond 1923, D-Lib Magazine, 11/2009Brian Lavoie and Lorcan Dempsey, OCLChttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/november09/lavoie/11lavoie.html
![Page 7: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Books as data (“non display”)
Books utilized by Google many ways
Selling books directly not a primary gain Fact mining benefits long tail search queries Latent semantic analysis benefits general search Real-time translation
Significant advertising income yield.
![Page 8: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
also Partners Program
Partners Program
In-© works per contract with publishers Multiple business models supported Google Editions for book vending in 2010
FN: Android presents vertical solution
![Page 9: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AG v Google
9/2005 AG sues G for © infringement ● class action for all U Mich book authors ● class representativeness disputed
AG asserts analog > digital © violation G asserts Fair Use defense Precedents either way
![Page 10: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Publishers
Song, dance with publishers over opt-in (Some publishers submit opt-out lists) 5 of 6 largest NYC publishers file suit Not a class action then (among publishers)
Settlement talks commence in great secrecy Scanning continues for > 2 years meantime
![Page 11: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Counting the books
At least 12M books in corpus (01/2010)
~ 2-4M in public domain ~ 8-10M are possibly in-© ~ 2M are in-print, ? > to Partner Program
![Page 12: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Settlement basics
45M to compensate © owners ($60/$15)
($45.5M to be paid out to the lawyers.) G funds creation of Books Rights Registry (BRR) as
collecting society (with split board). Authors and Publishers (“rightsholders”) must claim
books/inserts from Google-supplied DB of titles. Google obtains license to scan all books in the
settlement and make “non-display” uses.
![Page 13: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Show me the money
G is able to make “display uses” of OOP books unless rightsholder (RH) objects.
In-print titles require explicit RH opt-in Revenue (generally 37% G / 63% BRR):
consumer sales of books (not downloads) institutional subscriptions (ISD) print fees from public libraries Ads from search queries
![Page 14: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Settlement schedule
Initial announcement on 10/28/2009 First deadline for briefs: 09/04/2009
> 400 submissions, 95 % critical
DOJ issues sharp critique:
“As presently drafted, the Proposed Settlement does not meet the legal standards this Court must apply.”
![Page 15: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Amended Settlement schedule
Amended settlement filed: 11/13/2009
New deadline for briefs: 01/28/2010
Justice deadline: 02/04/2010 * 1-week later
Fairness hearing: 02/18/2010
![Page 16: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hole-y corpus!
Publishers can claim OOP books but migrate future electronic business uses to private contract basis.
Trade publishers likely remove most of their attractive catalog to Partners / Editions.
DoJ :
“It is noteworthy that the parties have indicated their belief that the largest publisher plaintiffs are likely to choose to negotiate their own separate agreements with Google ...”
![Page 17: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Good4U, Better4Us
AG/AAP have negotiated a deal binding millions of other right holders, but not themselves.
If the settlement is a fair resolution and a fair allocation, why are not all bound to it?
The corpus in the GBS ISD and for public access has already shrunk by about half because the amended GBS settlement excludes most non-English books.
![Page 18: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright past | future Lengthening of copyright terms
● Else everything prior 1954 would be PD Cultural organizations seek to digitize analog to
preserve and provide maximal Fair Use access. Congress failed to pass OW legislation.
● Understanding of issues for unclaimed creative works has matured.
Copyright Office renewal records not digitized fully. ● Need a public registry.
![Page 19: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Code dysfunctions
Statuary damage risks excessive for digital (per work liability up to $150K even though no
damages to ? RH from scanning and indexing)
Registration is jurisdictional requirement Only registered works (books/inserts) eligible. Reed v. Muchnick pending before SCT.
Settlement abuses U.S. class action Creates private law through juridical action G obtains release of liability past + future claims
![Page 20: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Class Action acts like legislation
Class action binds all © owners in books. G permitted to make non display uses of nearly all
20th Century books (including foreign titles). G gets a solution to their orphan works problem
with release of liability claims. G obtains a compulsory license for in-©. Electronic rights divided formulaically between
authors and publishers. New formalities regime is mandated.
![Page 21: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Some dangers
Makes orphan legislation less compelling
Skews toward escrow and commercial uses.
Likely to induce further class actions for additional media (eg LPs) to circumvent legislative process.
Private corporations (like G) can use this precedent as a lever to force settlements.
Endangers tradition of Fair Use Doctrine. Is this the way democracy should work?
![Page 22: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Public purpose
U.S. Dept of Justice:
“... the central difficulty that the Proposed Settlement seeks to overcome – the inaccessibility of many works due to the lack of clarity about copyright ownership and copyright status – is a matter of public, not merely private, concern.”
![Page 23: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
We can do better
A public utility supporting market competition and better open access – international cooperative framework digital deposit of new works with LoC creation of public rights registry database complementary legislation to support public
access to unclaimed works
![Page 24: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
credits
Some slides derived from:
“GBS as Private @ Reform”Copyright Culture, Copyright History
Tel Aviv, Israel, January 2010
Pamela Samuelson, UC Berkeley
http://www.slideshare.net/naypinya/samuelson-gbs-as-copyright-reform
![Page 25: GBS Amended Settlement: A status update](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052307/55585329d8b42a993b8b4a97/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thanks ....
peter brantley
co-founder, open books alliance- and -
director, bookserver projectinternet archive, san francisco, ca
@naypinya (twitter) peter (at) archive.org